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2. Those who are unable to maintain their families. So the state is responsible for remedy their
lack with something of the public treasury. 3. The debtors who cannot find money to repay their
debts provided that they should not spend it illegally.
4. Those who are not able to get married because of the paucity of that which in their hands.
5. General projects leading to economic and industrial development of the country and increasing
per capita real income. 6. Putting an end to unemployment, securing work for civilians, and
improving the conditions of their livelihood. That is because Islam regards poverty as a social
disaster; so it is obligatory to put an end to poverty and to remove its effects. 7. Education,
removing illiteracy, spreading science and knowledge among people. That is because the
community cannot develop itself and reaches its objectives unless science prevails and knowledge
spreads among all its circles.
These are some affairs of which Islamic fiscal policy takes care. However, Harun and other than
him from among the Umayyad and ‘Abbasid kings achieved nothing of that on the arena of life.
Rather they swallowed Allah’s wealth just as camels swallowed spring plants. They lavishly spent
the properties of the Muslims on dissolution and prostitution, and on warring against the
members of the House (Ahl al‐Bayt), the summoners to truth and justice.
Anyhow, through his fiscal policy, Harun deviated from the Islamic policy in this respect. That was
when he, his family, his ministers, and his servants went too far in wasting and spending lavishly
on themselves, while the community led a life full of exhaustion, tiredness, and straits.
His general Budget
The greatest budget of the Islamic state was that at the time of Harun. For he had money the like
of which none of the Muslim kings had. Ibn Khaldun reported that the money carried to the public
treasury amounted to 7500 Cantars a year.[1] Al‐Jahshyari estimated the total revenues in about
five hundred million, two hundred and forty thousand dirhams.[2] It is worth mentioning that the
dinars at that time was of great importance cannot be compared to that which we have today. A
ram was sold for a dirham, a camel for four dinars, sixty ratl (a weight) dates for a dirham, sixteen
ratl oil for a dirham, and eight ratl cooking fat for a dirham. The wage of an excellent builder was
five habba. It was well‐known that the habba was one‐third a dirham during their days, and the
danak was one‐sixth a dirham.[3] According to this the budget of the state of Harun was,
according to the price of the Iraqi current dinar, two billions, two hundred and twenty millions,
nine hundred and sixty thousand dinars.[4] It was a great budget the like of which no government
before that of Al‐Rashid had. These revenues were collected from the following:
1. Land tax (al‐kharajj), which was an amount of money or of crops imposed on the lands of those
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