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Abu Hanifa was among those who believed in the (doctrine) of compulsion and summoned (the
people) to believe in it. This belief maintains that the act that issues from man is not created by
him and does not issue from him through his choice. Rather it is created by Allah and issues
through Allah's will, and that man's will and power has no relationship in finding any deed
whether it issues from him through his choice or he is forced to perform it. The Shi'ites have
unanimously agreed that such a belief is invalid and incorrect. Besides the jurists have established
that it is false; they have conscientiously decided that any optional act should be preceded by
some voluntary prerequisites which are as follows:
1. One must imagine the thing in mind.
2. His soul must incline to it.
3. He should perfectly be sure of its advantage.
When these prerequisites are perfect in the horizon of soul, the will clings to deed, and man
strives to find it or orders it to be performed, whether it is good or ugly, and there is no coercion
or compulsion on man to perform it.[1] Any way, Abu Hanifa was on top of those who believed in
compulsion; he traveled to Yethrib (Medina) to debate with Imam al‐Sadiq, peace be on him, on
this belief, while he was famous for his being the opponent of it. When he arrived in it, he headed
for the Imam's house. He sat in the corridor waiting for a permission to enter. While he was sitting
there, a boy came out walking slowly. He asked the boy: "Where does the stranger relieve
nature?"
The boy turned to him and said to him: "Slowly!" Then he sat down politely, leaned against the
wall, and began to give him an answer to his question, saying: "Avoid the banks of rivers, the
places where fruit fall, the courtyards of mosques, and the middle of a road. Hide yourself behind
a wall; you should not face the qibla (direction to the Kaaba) nor have your back towards it; and
relieve nature where you wish." He explained to him the places where it is detested or forbidden
to relieve nature, so Abu Hanifa was dazzled and astonished because he had not thought that
there was a boy who had such a scientific ability.
"What is your name?" asked Abu Hanifa.
"Musa b. Ja'far b. Muhammed b. 'Ali b. al‐Husayn b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib," was the [1] Professor Ayat
Allah al‐'Uzma al‐Sayyid Abu al‐Qasim al‐Khu'I has explained these affairs and given more proofs
of them. That is in his researches in Science of Islamic Fundamentals ('Ilm al‐Usool). He has given
decisive proofs of that compulsion and authorization are invalid. He has established the affair
between two affairs in which the Imams of Ahl al‐Bayt believed. I (the author) have mentioned
that in my book Teqrirat Ayat Allah al‐Khu'I in Science of Islamic Fundamentals ('Ilm al‐Usool).
answer.
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