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eternity. His staying deters ambitious reason (from understanding Him); sharp eyes fail before his
core; His existence overcomes occupying imaginations. The beginning of religion is to know Him;
the perfection of knowledge of Him lies in (the acknowledgement of) His Unity, the perfection of
His Unity is the denial of attributes from Him. (This is) because of the testimony (of the reason)
that the description is other than the described, that the described is other than the description;
(this is) because they both bear witness that this is a comparison that is impossible to the Eternal.
So whoever describes Allah certainly limits Him; whoever limits Him certainly accounts him;
whoever accounts him invalidates His eternity. Whoever says 'how' asks Him to be described.
Whoever says 'in what' includes Him. Whoever says 'on what' has no knowledge of Him. Whoever
says 'where' (regards all places as) void of Him. Whoever says 'what is He' depicts Him. Whoever
says 'how long' gives Him a period (of time). He is knowledgeable when was nothing known;
Creator when was nothing created; Lord when was nothing a vassal. Such is described our Lord;
and (He is) far above that through which the describers describe Him.[1]
This letter full of the fundamentals and rules of the Oneness of Allah has come to an end. Many of
its words has been narrated on the authority of Imam 'Ali, the
[1] Usool al‐Kafi, vol. 1, pp. 139‐140.
Commander of the faithful, peace be on him. Any way, the words of the Imams of Ahl al‐Bayt
resembles each other in theology, for they established its rules, its fundamentals, its evidence,
and its proofs. This science has been known through them; its fundamentals and rules have been
taken from them.
Al‐Bida'
Al‐Bida' is a vague, complicated, theological subject matter. The Muslims have differed over it.
The Shi'a have unanimously agreed that it is correct, and that they have to adopt it. The Sunnis
have denied it and criticized the Shi'a for it and regarded it as among the criticisms facing their
ideological entity. Perhaps, the reason for this, as we think, is that they have not objectively
understood the meaning and reality of al‐Bida' the Shi'a maintain. So they have criticized them for
it. It is necessary for us to pause to deal with it before we present the Imam's opinion concerning
it.
The Meaning of al‐Bida'
In the language al‐Bida'‐an extended noun (isim mamdud)‐has been derived from al‐budu
meaning manifestation; and it is a name of a fresh, new opinion which its owner approves and
prefers to his first opinion. [1] In the tradition: "It seems to Allah, the Great and Almighty, that He
is going to try them." That is to say that He has decreed that; and that is the meaning of al‐
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