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inspiration, then they must turn away from imitation due to these words of Him, the Exalted:
What! and though their fathers had no sense at all, nor do they follow the right way.[2]
The second verse is related to the first one and completes it, for Allah, the Most High, has given an
account of the state of the unbelievers who insisted on the blind imitation when they were
summoned to follow Islam; then He has given to the listeners an example of their state lest they
should be deceived by them; He has described them as cattle or as beasts that do not understand
the call of a shepherd to them; in other words, they only hear his voice but do not understand its
meaning; similarly those who follow the religion of their fathers do not reflect on the summons of
the truth and do not understand it; therefore, they are in the same position with respect to those
who do not understand; this is the worst criticism and dispraise to those who do not understand.
In the third verse Allah, the Exalted, has given an account of the state of some unbelievers who
were very rude, dull, and stupid. That is because they heard the verses and the proofs were
recited to them concerning the authenticity of the mission of the Prophet, may Allah bless him
and his family. However they were deaf in respect with that they did not realize and understand
the meaning, that it was useless to summon them to follow this religion, for they were mentally
and psychologically very sick, to the extent that the cure and advice did not profit them.
In the fourth verse Allah has addressed His Prophet in order not to hope for the faith of some
unbelievers because they were as cattle in respect with that they did
[1] Al‐Tibyan, vol. 1, p. 188, Iran edition.
[2] Al‐Manar, vol. 1, p. 100.
not make use of the illustrious verses they had heard. Rather they were worse than cattle, for the
cattle obey their owner who takes care of them, find their pastures and drinking places, and
return to their folds. As for the unbelievers, they do not obey their Lord and Creator and Provider
nor do they thank Him for His favors and boons. As well as animals do not paralyze any of their
forces deposited in them. Rather they spend each power on that for which it has been created. As
for the unbelievers, they have paralyzed their mental forces, so they lose the original nature in
which men have been made, and that is the knowledge of Allah and faith in him, so they are
worse than beasts.
The fifth verse has dispraised the unbelievers, for they have three dispraised qualities:
1.They are cowardly during war.
2. Their fighting between them is sever.
3. Their hearts are disunited.
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