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justice. This self immunity arouses perfect man's feelings lest he should be heedless. It makes him
high through his talents and radiance lest he should fall into error or stumble. It guarantees to him
his psychological health from all sides; this is the infallibility the school of Ahl al‐Bayt has imposed
as a condition in the supreme president of the Islamic government; I think that this stipulation is
very clear and wise."[1]
Surely scientific thinking decides that the Imams of Ahl al‐Bayt, peace be on them, should be
infallible is correct, as for the opinion that opposes it, it is very far from the thinking based on
evidence and proof.
Yet, there is another thing; the thing is that the Shi'a believe that the Imam should be the most
knowledgeable and meritorious of all people in scientific abilities. This belief has fully been
clarified, explained, and established by His Eminence, late Shaykh, Muhammed Rida al‐Muzaffer,
who has said: "As for his knowledge‐namely the Imam's knowledge‐he receives the divine
knowledge and precepts and all the teachings through the Prophet or the Imam before him.
When something has happened lately, it is necessary for him to know it through inspiration
through the holy ability Allah, the Exalted, has deposited in him. When he heads for something
and desires to know it as it is through a way with which he makes no mistake. All of that is based
on the rational proofs and not on the teachings of teachers, though his knowledge is increaseable
and strengthenable. For this reason, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and his family, has said: My
Lord, increase me in knowledge!"
Having given proofs of that, he has added, saying:
"This subject matter is clear in the history of the Imams, peace be on them. They were like the
Prophet Muhammed, may Allah bless him and his family, for no one educated and taught them
even reading and writing from their childhood to the age of ritual puberty. None has proved that
they attained schools or studied under a teacher a certain thing, though they had a matchless,
scientific position,
[1] Al‐Islam, pp. 283‐285.
immediately answered all the questions about which they were asked, the word 'no' was not
uttered by their tongues. They did not postpone the answer to another time in order to study or
consider it carefully. If we study a biography of a Muslim jurist, narrator, and scholar, we will find
the teachers under whom he studied, the well‐known persons from whom he took the narration
and knowledge, his inability to answer some questions, and his doubt about a lot of information,
just like mankind throughout times."[1] His Eminence Imam Kashif al‐Ghita' has mentioned the
qualities of the Imam, and especially as it concerns his scientific talents, saying: (He‐namely the
Imam‐should be the most meritorious of the people of his time in all virtues and most
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