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Mu‘tazilites depending on Hisham’s viewpoints. He was impressed by Hisham, and this can easily
be seen in his book he wrote about the creation of the world. We can also see the effects of
Hisham through the Mu‘tazilites, who tried to defend themselves, spared no effort to refute and
oppose Hisham’s beliefs. Among those Mu‘tazilites was Bishr b. al‐Mu‘tamir; he was the best of
the Mu‘taziliti scholar, just as al‐Sheristani said. He wrote a book on some answers to Hisham b.
al‐Hakam.”[1]
H. The mad Campaigns
Hisham’s reputation spread all over the Islamic world. Baghdad clubs were full of his debates; they
mentioned the defeat that befell his opponents. Of course, Hisham’s widespread reputation made
them harbored malice against him, so they fastened various kinds of accusations on him and
defamed him in various ways. Among them are the followings:
1. ‘Abd al‐Jebbar, the Judge
‘Abd al‐Jebbar attacked many Shi’ite personalities. Concerning Hisham, he has said: “Hisham
maintained the embodiment (of Allah), the creation of the world, the possibility of bada’, and the
like which do not harmonize with the Oneness (of Allah). He also believed in compulsion and that
which concerns mandatory through things unbearable and through which it is not correct to cling
to justice.”[2]
2. Muhammed b. Ahmed
Muhammed b. Ahmed talked about the Shi’ites and ascribed to them false, vague errors, and
fastened on them forged lies. Concerning them and Hisham, he has said: “The twelve sect of the
Imami Shi‘ites are the companions of Hisham b. al‐Hakam; they are called the Hashimiya; they are
the Rafidites who refuse the religion due to love for ‘Ali, peace be on him, just as they claim. The
enemies of Allah, of His Apostle, and of his companions are liars; he who loves ‘Ali is he who loves
other than him. They are also unbelievers, for Hisham was unbeliever and atheist. Then Islam
overcame him, and he unwillingly adopted it. Hisham maintained comparing (Allah to other
things) and refusal. As for his statement on the Imamate, we thing that none ascribed defects to
‘Ali as Hisham did.
“We thank Allah for removing defects and defilement from ‘Ali and his children and thoroughly
purified them. Through that Hisham did not intend to be a Shi‘ite, nor did he show love for Ahl al‐
Bayt, but he intended to demolish the pillars of Islam, the Oneness (of Allah), and the
Prophethood.”[3]
These slanders are unreal and incorrect. They show that he harbored malice against
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