The Indo-European Elements in Hurrian

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54 5. Pronouns, Numerals, Adpositions, Conjunctions, Adverbs KBo 27.99 + Vo III 63 x -- : -- x : -- x : x x x (x) : -- x ‘And thus me Tadu-¯eba has heard me’ Obviously, the enclitic pronouns are an easy device to fill dactylic hexameters. It can also be noted that Tadu-¯eba was probably pronounced *[tadu-xpá], otherwise the verse has an extra syllable. The possessive suffixes were added to nouns or nominalized verbs. They were as follows: SINGULAR First Person Second Person Third Person Word final -wwe *[-wí] -b *[-b] -a If not final -wwu- *[-wú] -be- *[-bí] -(y)i- PLURAL First Person Second Person Third Person Word final -wwaś *[wáź] -śśi 81 If not final - śśu -yaś *[-jaź] The possessive suffixes are suffixed to the Absolutive case of nouns, and the words with elidable -i keep it. Examples: (1) šeni ‘brother’: šeniwwu- ‘my brother’, šena-b ‘your brother’, šena- ‘his brother’; (2) attai ‘father’: attaiwwu- ‘my father’, attaibu- ‘your father’, attayi- ‘his father’, attaiwwaś ‘our fathers’; (3) ¯arra- ‘his road’; (4) umini ‘country’: uminiwwe ‘my country’, uminiwwuwa ‘to my country’, uminib ‘your country’, uminiwaś ‘our country’, uminiyaś ‘their country’; (5) eni ‘god’: enaš ‘his god (Erg)’; (6) ‘to yourselves, to your body (Dir)’, ulme-śśi ‘your weapon(s ?)’. The possessive suffixes are not prosodically enclitic, though suffixed. They are attested with plene writing: *[-wú-], *[-bí-], [-wáź-]. Only the third person suffixes were unaccented. The possessive suffixes were added to the Nominative of the word which seems to retain its original accent. Prosodically, bases and possessive suffixes behave as independent units. When compared with the possessive suffixes, the independent pronouns are identical for the second person: the base is */b/ to which case markers and the plural are added. However, for the first person, the situation is more complex: the common morpheme is */uw/, which can also be found as a verbal ending. This morpheme seem to be added to */su"-/. As for the plural, it appears to be the pluralization of a base */sat-/, which also appears in the singular . Speiser (1941:28 and 68) proposes an interesting analysis of this base */sat-/. Mit. IV 62 has
5. Pronouns, Numerals, Adpositions, Conjunctions, Adverbs 55 36 [1939]:23), who had previously analyzed Mâri 6.13 as ‘we together’. This means that this base šat- has nothing to do with P1. This analysis is confirmed by the following sentence in KBo 32.13 Ro I 9-10: - < d IM-ub ša-at-ta ¯a-mu-u-ra šu-úr-ru-ú > - ‘9. Teššub together with Àamu 82 went 10. (to) the dark ground below’. The underlying Proto-Hurrian personal pronouns are: First Person Second Person Singular *i *bi Plural *i-lla *bi-lla Hurrian Personal Pronouns and Indo-European Parallels Turning to Indo-European, we find the following (the Hurrian material is cited in the form given in Laroche’s Glossaire and Friedrich 1969a): 1. Hurrian first person singular personal pronoun stem: Absolutive singular (ište) and Ergative singular (išaš). It is clear that the stem here is iš- (Diakonoff—Starostin 1986:81 reconstruct a common Hurro-Urartian *"ez-) to which case endings have been added. Perhaps a further analysis is possible — the stem may, in fact, be a compound: *i+šu. šu, in turn, is none other than the stem found in the other cases: Gen. sg. šowe, Dat. sg. šowe, Allat. sg. šuta, Comit. sg. šura, Equat. sg. šonna. In Proto-Indo-European, the paradigm of the first person personal pronoun is also suppletive — the Nominative singular has one stem, while the remaining cases are built on an entirely different stem (*me-). The evidence from the daughter languages points to several possible reconstructions for the first person personal pronoun (Nom. sg.): *H÷eĝ (cf. Gothic ik); *H÷eĝoH (cf. Latin ego; Greek dãþ); *H÷eĝoHm (cf. Homeric dãþí; Laconian dãþíç); *H÷eĝhom (cf. Sanskrit ahám; Avestan azəm); *H÷e$ (cf. Latvian es; Lithuanian àš [Old Lithuanian eš]; Armenian es); *H÷eĝom (cf. Old Church Slavic azъ). This seems to indicate that this stem is a relatively late formation (though old enough to be represented in Hittite) and that it is composed of several deictic elements strung together. The first element is *H÷e-, to which *$- or *ĝ- or *ĝh- has been added, followed by *-oH or *-om (this analysis was first proposed by Karl Brugmann). It is the first element (*H÷e-) that may be compared with Hurrian *i- (< *H÷e-), the form extracted above from the analysis of iš- as *i+šu. 2. Hurrian second person personal pronoun stem we- ‘you’ (Friedrich 1969a:15 writes *„e-): Compare the Proto-Indo-European second person personal pronoun stem *we(-s)-/*wo(-s)-, 82 «Àamu serait un autre nom de Tašmišu, frère et conseiller avisé de Teššub» in Catsanicos (1996:226). Cf. Haas, V. (1996:332 and 473).
Page 1 and 2:
The Indo-European Elements in Hurri
Page 3:
Preface This work grew out of preli
Page 7 and 8:
The Hurrian Language 1 Introduction
Page 9 and 10: 1. Introduction 3 Urartian parent l
Page 11 and 12: 1. Introduction 5 clear that Hurria
Page 13: 1. Introduction 7 conventions devel
Page 16 and 17: 10 2. Phonology, Writing Systems, T
Page 37 and 38: 3 Overview, Derivational Morphology
Page 39 and 40: 3. Overview, Derivational Morpholog
Page 41 and 42: Some Considerations on the Syntax o
Page 43 and 44: Hurrian Nominal Morphology 4 Nomina
Page 45 and 46: 4. Nominal Morphology 39 PLURAL a-s
Page 47 and 48: 4. Nominal Morphology 41 In Hurrian
Page 49 and 50: 4. Nominal Morphology 43 daughter l
Page 51 and 52: - ‘The wife of my brother’ -
Page 53 and 54: The Deep Foundations of Proto-Indo-
Page 55: 4. Nominal Morphology 49 central ca
Page 58 and 59: 52 5. Pronouns, Numerals, Adpositio
Page 68 and 69: 62 6. Verbal Morphology - Tadib-Til
Page 70 and 71: 64 6. Verbal Morphology The conditi
Page 72 and 73: 66 6. Verbal Morphology Intr. Prese
Page 74 and 75: 68 6. Verbal Morphology This format
Page 76 and 77: 70 6. Verbal Morphology 5. -umme (<
Page 78 and 79: 72 6. Verbal Morphology imperfectiv
Page 80 and 81: 74 6. Verbal Morphology The next se
Page 82 and 83: 76 6. Verbal Morphology however, it
Page 84 and 85: 78 6. Verbal Morphology Person Sing
Page 86 and 87: 80 7. Hurrian Vocabulary Letter/Pho
Page 88 and 89: 82 7. Hurrian Vocabulary UR Deriva
Page 90 and 91: 84 7. Hurrian Vocabulary Derivative
Page 92 and 93: 86 7. Hurrian Vocabulary *[ˆugi]
Page 94 and 95: 88 7. Hurrian Vocabulary *[xaz-] [P
Page 96 and 97: 90 7. Hurrian Vocabulary *[ija]/[ij
Page 98 and 99: 92 7. Hurrian Vocabulary *[íźi] [
Page 100 and 101: 94 7. Hurrian Vocabulary *[kul-]
Page 102 and 103: 96 7. Hurrian Vocabulary *[nali]
Page 104 and 105: 98 7. Hurrian Vocabulary *[pit-]
Page 106 and 107: 100 7. Hurrian Vocabulary *[sinam-]
Page 108 and 109: 102 7. Hurrian Vocabulary *[tal-]
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104 7. Hurrian Vocabulary *[tizuγi
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106 7. Hurrian Vocabulary *[uzriann
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108 8. Comparison of Hurrian and In
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148 9. Before Proto-Indo-European a
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References Beekes, Robert S. P. 198
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References 163 Gragg, Gene 1997a
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References 165 Parmegiani, Neda 200
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The Indo-European Elements in Hurrian

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