The Indo-European Elements in Hurrian
The Indo-European Elements in Hurrian
The Indo-European Elements in Hurrian
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5. Pronouns, Numerals, Adpositions, Conjunctions, Adverbs 53<br />
It can also be noted that the Ergative case marker -š is dispensed with when suffixed by<br />
the enclitic Accusative pronouns:<br />
- iša-lla- ‘I (verb) them’ Mit. III 54<br />
- seni-wwu-tta ‘my brother (verb) me’ Mit. II 50<br />
- < d Ši-mi-i-gi-ni-e-ti-la-an> ‘the god Šimigi (may love) us’ Mit. I 77<br />
With these enclitic Accusative pronouns, the Ergative marker is made redundant. But it<br />
is kept when both the subject and the object are the 3rd person:<br />
- seni-wwu-šš-a-an ‘and my brother (verb) him’ Mit. III 1<br />
<strong>The</strong> enclitic pronouns can also be suffixed to the adverbs and conjunctions that appear at<br />
the beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g of the sentence, or to numbers and, of course, to verbs:<br />
- <strong>in</strong>u-tta-n<strong>in</strong> ‘How me (my brother loves now)’ Mit. I 74<br />
- ai-lla-an ‘If them (...)’ Mit. II 75<br />
- tumni-lla ‘the four (ones)’<br />
- ‘I (will) br<strong>in</strong>g it’ KBo 32.15 Vo IV 15<br />
- < d A-al-la-ni-ma ta-a-ti-ya-aš-ši d IM-up-pa-ma : tap-ša-a-¯a mé-e-¯a> KBo 32.13 Ro<br />
28—29 ‘<strong>The</strong> goddess Allani, who loves him, toward Teššub as an échanson is stand<strong>in</strong>g’.<br />
Sometimes, the enclitic pronoun does not appear <strong>in</strong> the clause to which it belongs, as <strong>in</strong><br />
the follow<strong>in</strong>g paragraph <strong>in</strong> KBo 32. 15 Vo IV:<br />
- < 7. ti-wu-uš-¯i-ni ¯a-ši-im-ma m Me-e-ki-né-ella ><br />
- < 8. a-li-nu-um (:) “u-u¯-ni m Me-e-ki” i-ši-ik-ku-un-na ><br />
‘7. And Meki, hear<strong>in</strong>g the order, about them (?) [suffixed to Meki] 8. wh<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g: ‘woe on<br />
Meki’, said he. <strong>The</strong> structure of the sentence is all the stranger as -lla is plural but tiwuš¯<strong>in</strong>i is<br />
s<strong>in</strong>gular, and both verbal forms al<strong>in</strong>u- and išikku- are <strong>in</strong>transitive. One hypothesis would be that<br />
the rationale for this component is to rhyme with the next l<strong>in</strong>e (?).<br />
<strong>The</strong> enclitic pronouns are sometimes pleonastically suffixed. This is attested <strong>in</strong> the<br />
<strong>Hurrian</strong>-Hittite bil<strong>in</strong>gual and <strong>in</strong> the Mitanni letter:<br />
- KBo 32.13 Ro I 25-26<br />
= Hitt. KBo 32.13 Ro II 26-27<br />
‘<strong>The</strong> ancient gods, she (the goddess Allani) placed them to the right to [not of] Teššub’<br />
Mit. I 76-77 (five <strong>in</strong>stances of tilla, tila ‘us’)<br />
- a-nam-mi-til-la-a-an d [Te]-e-eš-šu-pa-aš d Ša-uš-gaš d A-ma-a-nu-ú-ti-la-an<br />
- d Ši-mi-i-gi-ni-e-ti-la-an d E-a-a-šar-ri-ni-e-ti-la-an ma-an-šu-u-til-la-a-an<br />
It can also be noted that the Ergative case marker is dispensed with three times.
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