Middle Miocene palynoflora of the Legnica lignite deposit complex ...

species: I. aquifolium L., I. cymosa Bl., and I.
sieboldii Miq. (Kohlman-Adamska 1993). They
occur in Europe in the Oligocene to Pliocene
deposits, and represent subtropical (P2) element
(Ziembińska-Tworzydło 1996). In the
analysed material two subspecies differing in
grain size and sculpture were distinguished:
(146a) Ilexpollenites iliacus (Potonié 1931)
Thiergart 1937 f. major Thomson
& Pfl ug 1953
Pl. 16, fi g. 1
1953 Ilexpollenites iliacus (Potonié) Thiergart f. major
Thomson & Pfl ug, p. 106, pl. 14, fi gs 43–45.
R e m a r k s. Pollen grains above 45 μm in size,
with large sculpture elements. They were sporadically
encountered in the studied material,
in several samples from the Lusatian seam.
(146b) Ilexpollenites iliacus (Potonié 1931)
Thiergart 1937 f. medius Thomson
& Pfl ug 1953
Pl. 16, fi g. 2
1953 Ilexpollenites iliacus (Potonié) Thiergart f.
medius, Thomson & Pfl ug, p. 106, pl. 14, fi gs
46–60.
R e m a r k s. Pollen grains up to 45 μm in size,
common in the analysed material.
(147) Ilexpollenites margaritatus (Potonié
1931) Raatz 1937 ex Potonié 1960
Pl. 15, fi g. 18a, b
1931a Pollenites margaritatus n. sp., Potonié, p. 332,
pl. 1, fi gs 32, 33.
1937 Ilex-pollenites margaritatus (Potonié); Raatz,
p. 321, pl. 25, fi gs 27–29.
1960 Ilexpollenites (al. Pollenites) margaritatus
(Potonié) Raatz; Potonié, p. 99.
R e m a r k s. These pollen grains resemble e.g.
pollen of the recent Ilex asprella Champ., I. cinerea
Champ. ex Benth., and I. mitis (L.) Radlk.
(Kohlman-Adamska 1993). They were regularly
encountered in the analysed material.
(148) Ilexpollenites propinquus (Potonié
1934) Potonié 1960
Pl. 15, fi g. 19
1934 Pollenites propinquus n. sp., Potonié, p. 74, pl. 3,
fi g. 33.
1960 Ilexpollenites (al. Pollenites) propinquus (Potonié);
Potonié, p. 100.
51
Pollen grains similar in structure to abovementioned
ones, but smaller, 20–25 × 15–20
μm in size. Surface baculate. Bacula small
(about 1.5–2.0 μm in size), densely distributed
on surface.
R e m a r k s. Pollen grains similar to pollen of
the recent Ilex cassine L., sporadically found in
the studied material.
The above-mentioned taxa (Ilexpollenites
iliacus, I. margaritatus and I. propinquus) represent
subtropical element (P2), and occur in
Europe in the Oligocene to Pliocene deposits
(Ziembińska-Tworzydło et al. 1994a). According
to Thiele-Pfeiffer (1980) pollen grains of
Ilexpollenites are also similar to pollen of the
recent genus Nemopanthus Raf. (N. canadensis),
from the Atlantic zone of North America.
Nowadays the genus Ilex contains about
400 species of evergreen and deciduous trees
and shrubs extended in temperate and tropical
zones of both hemispheres (Krüssmann 1977).
Ilex cassine L. and I. coriacea (Pursh) Chapman
grow in wetlands in the Atlantic zone of
North America (Haynes 2000).
Ordo SANTALALES
Familia LORANTHACEAE
Arceuthobium Bieb.
Spinulaepollis Krutzsch 1962
(149) Spinulaepollis arceuthobioides
Krutzsch 1962
Pl. 16, fi g. 3a, b
1962b Spinulaepollis arceuthobioides n. fsp., Krutzsch,
p. 278, fi g. 7, pl. 6, fi gs 1–15.
R e m a r k s. Pollen grains of this species
occur in the Oligocene and Miocene deposits,
and represent warm-temperate (A1) element
(Ziembińska-Tworzydło 1996). They are similar
to recent pollen of Arceuthobium (species
A. oxycedri), and occurred together with Arceuthobium
macro-remains in the Upper Miocene
fl ora of Gozdnica (Łańcucka-Środoniowa
1980a, Łańcucka-Środoniowa et al. 1992). In
the studied material pollen grains of Spinulaepollis
arceuthobioides were encountered regularly,
usually not exceeding 1% (max. 3% in
one sample).
Today the genus Arceuthobium contains
about 32 species of parasitic plants living on