MALAGASY NATIONAL POLICE

SURVEY REPORT
on the
MALAGASY
NATIONAL POLICE
December 18, 1961
DECLASSIFIED JANUARY 24, 1975 AFTER
REVIEW BY LAUREN J. GOIN, DIRECTOR,
OFFICE OF PUBLIC SAFETY, AID/W
Public Safety Division
AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
A.XI.DJ.
.ference Centelf
.Ooiai1636 NS
DAMS~ll
i

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1. INTRODUCTION..... .............. 1
A. The Malagasy Republic . . . . . . . .
B. The Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *
C. The People . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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D. The Economy . . . . . . . . . . . .
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II. BACKGROUND OF THE SURVEY TEAM'S MISSION . . 8
A. Malagasy Government Request . . . . 8
B. ICA/W Action . . . . . . .. . . ..
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III. MISSION OF THE SURVEY TEAM .. . . . . . . . . . .
A. Composition . . . - . . . . . . . . . . .
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B. nTerms of Reference . . . . . . . .. . .. . .
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C. Conference with the Minister of the Interior .
12
D. Modification of Terms of Reference . . . . . . 15
IV. WORK PLAN ..................... 16
.V. ORGANIZATION OF THE MALAGASY NATIONAL POLICE . . . . . 0 18
A. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a 18
B. Present Organization . . . . . . ... . . . . . . 18
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C. Proposed Organizition . . . . . . . . .
19
. .a
D. Personnel Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
E. Table of Equipment . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 21
VI. INSPECTIONS. . . . . . . . . ...... . 28
A. National Police G.H.Q. . . ... . . . . . . . . 28
B. Identification Bureau . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
C. Crime Laboratory . . * * . . . . . . . . . 30
D. Flying Brigade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
E. Police School . . ... . . . . . . . . . ... . . 38
F. Communications . , . .. . . . . . . . . . . 9 . 41
G. Tananarive Urban Police Division . . . . a 47
VII. FIELD TRIPS . . .
A. Tamatave ............
B. Majunga . . .
0. Tulear'. . . .
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50
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60
D. Fort Dauphin . . . . . . . * . . a. . . . 62
VIII. CRIME STATISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
IX. POLICE AND ARMED FORCES BUDGET . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Hu J.to- IrI 10
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MA4ASSW
X. EVALUATION OF THE MALAGASY NATIONAL POLICE . . .
A. Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C. Transportation . . . . . . . . . . .
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D. Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o *0 70
E. Police Buildings . . . . G . . . . . . . . . * *t 72
F. Police Problems . . . . . . o *o 73
G. Alien Ethnic Minorities (Chinese and Indian) 73
XI. CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7
XII. RECOMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . 79
APPENDIX A The Gendarmerie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 . 0 82
APPENDIX B List of Malagasy and French Officials . . * O * 0 *0 85
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ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Identification Bureau . . . . . . . .a
2. Crime Laboratory . . . . . . . . o .a
30 Flying Brigade . . *. . . . . . * *a
4. Police School . o .a
5. Tananarive Urban Police H.Q. . * 0
6. Tamatave Provincial H.Q. . . . . .0
7. Majunga Provincial H.Q. . . . .
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8. Majunga Urban Police H.Q. . . . .
9. Majunga Precinct No. 2, H.Q. . * *
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10. Tulear H.Q. . . . . . . . . . . . . .0
11. Port Installations, Tulear .
EXHIBITS
. .a a a
A Present Organization of National Police . . . . . . . . . . .
B Proposed Organization of National Police
C H.Q. Operations . . . . . ., , , ,
D Provincial Operations . .' . . . .
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E Fingerprint Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F Fingerprint Card (reverse) . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . .
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gUaMWIEI
TULEAR
ITINERARY
01-8MMAI
- 3~v ­
ISLAND OF MADAGASCAR
v

A. The Malagasy Republic
I. INTRODUCTION
1. Madagascar became a French colony under the terms of the law of
August 6, 1896.. This law was declared null and NVoid on October 14, 1958
by the French Government, and at the same time the birth of the Malagasy
Republic was proclaimed as a free State within the French Community.
The independence of the island was solemnly confirmed on June 26, 1960.
2. The Malagasy Government is headed by a President elected by a
college which includes, in addition to the members of Parliament and of
the General Councils of the Provinces, delegates from the municipal and
rural assemblies. The first President of the Malagasy Republic, Mr.,
Philibert Tsiranana has been in office since May 1959.
3. The Parliament is composed of two chambers:
a. The National Assembly, whose 107 members are elected for a
term of 5 years by direct universal suffrage;
b. The Senate, whose 54 members are chosen for 6 years terms.
Two thirds of the Senators-are elected by the provinces and the local
territorial units, and one third is appointed by the economic, social
and cultural groups.
4. A High Council of Institutions is responsible for seeing that
the laws and regulations are constitutional. Both the President and
-the members of the National Assembly and the Senate may initiate legis­
lation.
5., In each province there is:
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a. A General Council which is responsible for the management
of provincial affairs.
b. A Secretary of State Delegate, who is a member of the Govern­
ment and is charged with protecting the interests of the State and with
carrying out the decisions of the General Council.
6. The island is divided into six provinced which are sub-divided'
into 90 districts.
B. The land
1. Madagascar, with an area of 228,000 square miles, is nearly as
large as the state of Texas. It ranks as the fourth largest-island in
the world and measures approximately 1,000 miles from North to South and
nearly 300 miles across at the widest point. Six major regions may be
distinguished in the geographical structure of the island.
a. The North, characterized by extremely fertile valleys and
volcanic soils which produce sugar cane, coffee, vanilla, pepper and
cloves. One port:' Diego - Suarez where the French maintain a naval
base.
b. The Northwest, consisting of a series of valleys-which con­
v -erge on-the city--of Majunga., -This.-i-s-the-r-ichest-agricultural-regior ­
of the island, thanks to the alluvial soil deposited by large rivers.
Majunga is the second largest port of the island. Its principal export
is rice.
a. The West, watered by three major rivers, is expected to
become a large rice producer. .
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d. The South, a very arid region with possibilities of indus­
trialization if and when the exploitation of the coal, mica9 iron and
manganese deposits gets under way.
e. The Central Plateau, a region which depends mainly on rice
and stock raising. The climate is quite cool. Tananarive, the capital
of the Republic, is the heartof this region.
f. The East Coast, with 750 miles of regular shore line, is a
prosperous region which produces three fourths of the island output of
coffee. The climate is warm and humid.
C. The People
1. The population of Madagascar is composed of very diverse ethnic
groups who apparently came in successive waves from Malaysia up until
recent historical times, They formed into nineteen different tribes
which remained independent for a long period of time. All these peoples,
however, speak the same language of Indonesian origin, very rich and
musical, which has been called "The Italian of the Indian Ocean." The
Marina, last to arrive, are also the most numerous (1,200,000). They
account for almost the entire population of the Province of Tananarive
and, until the French occupation, had subjugated practically the whole
island.
2. Definite traces of Hindu, Chinese and Arabic types are to be
found in the population. According to the most recent figures, the dis­
tribution of the population is as follows:
3 ­

Indigenous population: 5,096,770
Foreign population:
French 68,430
Indian 13,353
Chinese 8,039
Others 4,493 949315
Total 5,191,085
3- The island is obviously under-populated, 'a fact which hinders its
economic development. It has, however, one of the highest annual rates
of population increase in the world (2.5%)o In 1938 the people of Mada­
gascar numbered only 3,882,000. By 1958, the total had increased to over
five million. The Malagasy-population is therefore very youngs 40% of
the inhabitants are under 15 years of age.
4. The religious affiliation of the people can roughly be divided
as follows: 1/3 Protestant, 1/3 Catholic and 1/3 following the Malagasy
traditional practices which have been describedas the more festive forms
of ancestor worship. This last group do not have any church as such, nor
priesthood nor regular days of worship.
D. The Economy
1. Transportation
a. The rugged and mountainous topography of the-island hindered
the development of railroads and highways. The rail system consists of
only four lines which total 532 miles of track. Of a total of 20,000
miles of roadways, only 5,000 miles are passable in all weather.
b. The island has a total of 1,550 miles of navigable rivers
which are supplemented by the Pangalanes Canal, a 403 mile-long waterway
along the east coast.
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c. One of the problems of Madagascar today is that ocean traffic
is distributed among too many ports. With eighteen ports open to foreign
trade, improvement of port installations has been slow. The goal at
present is to concentrate on developing the largest p6rt of the island,
Tamatave, and modernizing the tto medium sized ports, Majunga and Diego-
Suarez. It has been observed that important work is also proceeding in
the harbor of Tulear.
d. Air transportation is proving to be the best adapted to the
geography of the island, and is developing rapidly. Madagascar has over
100 airfields, one of which, Arivonimano, near Tananarive, accommodates
-the large jet airliners (Boeing 707 and DC). Three others are major
airports, -- Ivato, Tamatave and Tulear.
2. Agriculture
a, Malagasy agriculture is very divertified as a result of the
great difference between the'regions in soil, climate and topography.
The variety of crops raised on the island makes for a certain balance in
the countryts economy. On the other hand, it has the disadvantage of
resulting in a dissipation of efforts, which is further aggravated by
transportation difficulties caused by the nature of the terrain.
b. Rice which, along with fish, "brede" (a green vegetable sim­
ilar to spinach) and cassava, forms the staple diet of the Malagasy, is
the island's most important crop. The yearly production is 1,200,000
tons of which approximately 50,000 tons are exported.
c. Most of the coffee is raised for export, and it represents
40% of total Malagasy sales abroad.
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d. Production of peanuts and sugar is on the increase while
other crops, important in the past, have fallen off in recent years,
namely cassava, corn, sisal. 'There-is a surplus of vanilla which is now
causing considerable concern.
e. There is one aspect of livestock production which is quite
typical of Madagascar. Cattle are regarded as a'visible sign of wealth,
rather than a means of livelihood. For this reason, there are large
herds of cattle totalling more than 6 million heads. The native breed
of cattle is the zebu, which is characterized by a fatty hump and makes
excellent beef. Nearly 800,000 head are slaughtered each year.
f. Hogs, sheep and goats are also raised-chiefly in the high
plateaus and in the south.
3. Power
The island has good potential sources of power: Coal in
Tulear Province, uranium-and thorium in the south, large rivers which
are now being studied for eventual hydroelectric power. In 1957, 22
steam plants and a hydroelectric plants furnished a total of 85 million
kwh.
4. Mines
With the exception of coal, graphite and mica, the .island seems
to offer a sampling of minerals rather than large deposits. It is now
one of the worldts largest graphite producers (12,000 tons in 195a).
One thousand tons of mica are produced annually, 54% of which is exported
to the United States.
5. Industry
The Chief industries at present are the processing industries
Alaai
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for agricultural products. Fish canneries to be financed and operated
by a Japanese company are riow in the planning .stages.
6. Foreign Trade
a. Consumer goods which before the last war accounted for two
thirds of all imports, now represent no more than half. On the other
hand, imports of fuel, raw materials and capital goods have grown appre­
ciably.
b. The change in exports is also indicative of the steady trans­
formation of the Malagasy economy: export of bulk products of relatively
little value -(corn and cassava) are decreasing, while on the other hand,
there is an increase in exports of relatively valuable products (peanutes,
vanilla, tobacco and cloves).

II. BACKGROUND OF THE SURVEY TEAM'S MISSION
A. Malagasy Government Request
1. On 14 June 1961, USOM/Tananarive, .Malagasy Republic, received a
request from the Minister of Interior Andre Resnpa for the following
equipment to be used by the Malagasy Police:
a. "Transport equipment:
60 Jeeps for police districts
30 Jeeps for police precincts
5 Twin-engine planes for the east coast
- 5 Single-'engine planes for the west coast-
Note: Thd Minister suggested that-above airplanes might
be of a type similar to the Cessna-310 and would be based in
Tulear, Morondava, Majunga, Diego-Suarez and Tamatave."
b. "Communication equipment:
1126 Transmitters and receivers of the same type as those
already used by thepolice (2 transmitters and a modern central
station). Radios installed in above mentioned aircraft should
also be compatible.
"10 Pocket-size recorders
1 8 Nicrophones (pick-up devices) enabling sound to be
received at least-100 meters from source; 4 transceivers for
special duties (pocket-size)
equipment.
* 4 Tape recorders with microphones camouflaged as desk
"Note: Specifications suggested for radio equipment,
"Transmitters.
"Power nominally ranging between 150 and 300

p.e.p. watts. Type of transmissibn, telephony and telegraphy,
with the following:
"l. Single side band without transmitting carrier­
"2. Single side band with transmitting carrier
113. Single side band with normal trdnanitting
carrier, compatible with the A3 network.
"Attenuation of non-transmitting side band exceeding
40 db. Wave bands 3 toi 18 me/s
"Three prefixed channels and 3 supplementary trans­
mitting channels close to 2250 c/s below main channels
(Single switch)
quartz crystals
"Instantaneous frequency changing by band switching
"Frequencies maintained by temperature-controlled
"Band pass from 350 to 3200 c/s
"Power source 115/220 'volts, 50 cycles
"Receivers:
"Receiver which permit reception by SSB telephony,
A3 telephony and telegraphy.
bands
"Wave bands ranging from 3 to 18 mc/s
"Three prefixed channels in the above mentioned wave
"Instantaneous frequency changing."
2. On August .21, 1961, in an interview with Under-Secretary of State
G. Mennen Williams, Mr. Resampa made the following further request:
"120 Police cars with radios (Ford Taunus or similar)
18 Jeeps 'medium' wheel base
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guns
B. ICA/W Action
8 GMC personnel trucks
6 Coast-guard motor boats with light gun and machine
5 Patrol boats, twin-engine; with radio
15 'Ordinary' patrol cars."
1. On 15 June 1961, Admiral Elliott B. Strauss, Us0M Director in
Tananarive had suggested to Minister Resampa that U. S. experts could do
a reconnaissance survey to find out the actual Malagasy requirements in
the security field. Minister Resampa acquiesced, urging that such
experts be sent as soon as possible, since he intended to reorganize
the Police Department by January 1962 (TOICA A-94, June 15, 1961)­
2. In consequence, a message was sent to USOM/Tananarive on 30
August 1961 in which ICA/W stated that a Public Safety Team was being
organized to conduct the survey.
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A. Composition
III. MISSION OF THE SURVEY TEAM
1. The Public Safety team reported to the USOM/Tananarive director
on 16 October 1961. It consisted of:
a. Arthur M. Thurston,, Consultant, former Inspector in the
Federal Bureau of Investigation and former Superintendent of the Indiana
State Police, Chief of party;
b. James A. MacGregor, Communications Specialist assigned to
USOM/Ankara, made available to the team on thirty days TDY;
c. Adolphe Bonnefil, Public Safety Advisor, who also acted as
interpreter and translator.
B. Terms of Reference
1. The team was guided in its mission by the following "Terms of
Reference", approved by ICA and the Department of State.
IaTo conduct a survey of the civil police forces of Madagascar
for the purpose of evaluating its request for police equipment and train­
ing of the police personnel. The Survey Team will determine (1) specific
equipment needs consistent with the assigned internal security respon­
sibilities of the police forces (including constabulary type para-military
forces which are an integral part of the regular law enforcement system
under civil-control, but excluding military forces), and (2) the capa­
bilities of the concerned police forces to operate and maintain the
equipment. The Survey Team will submit to ICA/PSD a written report of
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its findings, with its recommendations as to appropriate U. S. assist­
ance which may be offered to the Government of Madagascar, to improve
the police force capability, including the furnishing of U. S. techni­
cians to administer such assistance program as may result from the sur­
vey and to assist the Malagasy police in training their personnel espe­
cially in connection with the use and maintenance of any U. S. furnished
equipment. Final determination of the scope and size of any U. S. police
assistance program to the Malagasy Republic will be made by ICA/W."
G. Conference with the Minister of the Interior
1. On 17 October 1961, Admiral Elliott B. Strauss, the 'USOM Direc­
tor, introduced the Public Safety Survey Team to Minister Andre Resampa,
at the latter's office in the Department of the Interior. Also present
were Victor Ramanitra, former Director General of the National Police,
and now Procureur General (Attorney General), and Pierre Bora who was
appointed Director General of the National Police on 1 October 1961.
2. The Minister of the Interior opened the meeting at .0900 hours
by reviewing his previous request submitted to Assistant Secretary of
State G. Mennen Williams at Tananarive on 21 August 1961. The Minister
thentprceeded to. stress.particularly the-threat-oAtRed,,Chinese infiltra­
tion of Madagascar by way of the East Coast, in the general vicinity of
the port of Tamatave, where the greater portion of the Chinese popula­
tion live. Mr. Ramanitra showed on the map the location of the main
Chinese colonies upon Mr. Thurston t s request and reaffirmed the urgent
need for an air-sea coastal patrol.
3. Mr. Thurston intervened then and said in essence: "We have some­
what the same problem on our west coast and in the state of Hawaii.
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-UNrWio

However, we have never experienced any particular internal security.
threat from our resident Chinese population. Our coast lines and borders
with Mexico and Canada extend for more than 15,000 km. All the planes
and ships of the world could not possibly completely secure such a large
area. For instance, during World War II, the Germans were able to land
successfully two parties of saboteurs on our east coast in spite of all
our detection devices, patrols and other counter measures. One of these
landings actually took place only 30 miles from New York, our largest
city. These saboteurs were readily apprehended by our internal security
forces."
4. Mr. Ramanitra retorted that he fully understood Mr. Thurston's
explanations, but that he would like to have at least the means of pre­
venting major infiltrating forces from establishing undetected beach­
heads in isolated points of the island. For example, he added, recently
a Russian boat which was supposedly engaged in-oceanographic work along
the northern part of the east coast left Tamatave informing the port
authbrities that it was proceeding back to Russia. The Malagasy Police
were unable to follow the course of this boat which one day showed up
around Nossi-Be.
5. There followed a discussion of the communications system of the
Malagasy Police and all participants agreed that this was a basic need
which should be provided for as soon as possible, and prior to the im­
plementation of any other program.
6. Mr. Ramanitra specifically stated that their radio communication
system consisted of 8 or 10 antiquated American transceivers of 1947
vintage (war surplus) which were supplied by the French. These sets are
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in dire need of replacement. Although they are able to communicate
between provincial stations and GHQ at -Tananarive, it is almost impos­
sible to read their signals in the afternoon due to lack of range and
bad atmospheric conditions. In response to Mr. Thurston t s query as to
whether Mr. Ramanitra intended to repair these sets or to replace them
outright, Mr. Ramanitra advised that he believed all the present equip­
,ment is obsolete and should be completely replaced. He further stated
'that the Malagasy Government did.not have any funds allocated for this
purpo se.
7. The Minister interjected that, like any police force in the
world, the Malagasy need a modern and efficient communications network.
Admiral Strauss then asked if this proposed new system would be used by
other civil police and para-military forces in the country and specif­
ically the Gendarmerie. The Minister replied that the system under dis­
cussion would be for the specific use of the National Police. He further
stated that the National Police are under the Ministry of Interior and
that the gathering of information on both crime and subversion was within
the primary jurisdiction of the National Police. Howeirer, in the event
the National Police at any time were unable to cope with internal secu­
rity problems, the Gendarmerie, the Malagasy Army and the French Army
could be called on for assistance in the order enumerated.
8. At this point of the conference, Admiral Strauss suggested the
Minister might indicate a proper time for the Public Safety Team to meet
with the National Police officials on a technical level. It was decided
that an agenda would be prepared and a workshop organized in the Ministry
of the Interior,
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*f:.I
1tM
9. The meeting ended in a pleasant atmosphere at 10:30.
D. Modification of Terms of Reference
1. Following an interview on 18 October 1961 with the Director
General and the Attorney General, in which they both restated with em­
phasis the jurisdictional authority of the National Police as had been
explained by Ministefr Resampa the previous day, it was made quite clear
that the National Police enjoy the primary responsibility for the internal
security of the Malagasy Republic.
2. At this time clarification of the jurisdictional responsibilities
of the Gendarmerie was solicited, in view of the very apparent rivalry
canat existed between these two units. Attorney General Ramanitra ex­
plained as follows: The Gendarmerie report directly to and are under
the immediate direction of the President t s Executive Office. They have
no urban jurisdiction. In rural areas where unere are no police, they
conduct general patrols but no investigations. In the event a repre­
sentative of the. Gendarmerie has reason to suspect criminal or subversive
activities in a rural area, the National Police are notified and an in­
vestigator from the nearest police headquarters is assigned to the case.
3. On the basis of this information, a conference was held with
the Director of USOM during which it was decided that the Terms of
Reference would be.modified to exclude the Gendarmerie from direct
scrutiny or visits. This decision was cleared with the Ambassador.

IV. WORK PLAN
A. During further meetings with the Attorney General- and the Director
of Police, the following work plan was agreed upon:
1. Discussions:
a. General aspects of National Police
b. Present organization
c. Proposed organization
d. Personnel distribution
e. Table of equipment (Armament and Transportation)
2. Inspections:
a. Tananarive Police units:
(1) General Police Headquarters
(2) Identification Bureau
(3) Crime Laboratory
(4) Flying"Brigade
(5) Police School
(6) Communications
(7) Urban Police Department
b. Provincial Headquarters
(1) Tamatave
(2) -Majunga
(3) Tulear
(4) Fort-Dauphin
UNCLASSIREO

B. At first, the Malagasy officials mentioned above, especially the
Director General, showed a marked reticence in their dealings with the
Team and felt they had to clear every minor point under discussion with
the Interior Minister. However, as the work proceeded, the Team suc­
ceeded in creating a relaxed climate which rapidly developed into a
genuine and cordial relationship. Both high oficials made it a point
to accompany the team on all provincial inspections.
17.

LAMWS
V. ORGANIZATION OF THE MALAGASY NATIONAL POLICE
A. General
1. According to the Malagasy police officials, there is now no law
instituting the.National Polioa, as such, or outlining their responsi­
-bility and jurisdiction. The respective-areas of responsibility of the
police and the other armed forces of the Malagasy Republic, as previ­
ously outlined in this report, have been established mainly by Presiden­
tial directives and inter-departmental agreements.
2. A voluminous report has been compiled on the subject by the for­
mer Director General of Police, Victor Ramanitra, for submission to the
Council of Ministers. This report, which the Public Safety Team was
allowed to scan, explains at length, among other thifigs, the role of the
police in a democratic society, the foundation of their authority and
the function of their various services. It points out further the ne­
cessity for legislation to establish the Malagasy National Police on a
firm legal basis, and for a thorough revision of their organization.
3. The report itself could not be released to the Public Safety
Team prior to its submission to the Council, but charts therefrom were
presented to the Team in the strictest confidence. These charts are
reproduced here as Exhibits A, B, C, and D. -
B. Present-Organization
1. The present organization chart of the National Police (Exhibit
A) is rather confusing and, in the w6rds of th6 Director General, gives
only a vague idea of the various functioAs of the police.
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p llALMCIUNf

2. The main body of the Police is organized into four divisions:
a. The Administrative'Division which takes care of personnel,
bookkeeping, maintenance, etc.
b. The Investigative Division which investigates all law vi­
olations and maintains the identification laboratory and criminal rec­
ords.
c. The General Intelligence Division which bompiles all infor­
mation of political or internal security import.
d. The Public Safety Division which gives police protection to
the population as a whole, .takes care of-traffic, patrols, etc.
3. The same organization is repeated on the provincial level.
4- Quite apart from these main divisions are three special units,
directly under the Director General of Police:
a. The Flying Brigade. A para-military unit which will be die­
cussed in detail under VI-D.,
b. The Anti-Subversive Detail. A specialized group which con­
centrates on investigating Communist activities and infiltration in co­
operationwith their counterpart in the office of the French high -rep­
resentation.
a. The Immigration Service which performs the usual duties re­
lated to imnigration in Tananarive as well as in the other provinces.
C. Proposed Reorganization
1. Some conflicts of jurisdiction developed in the present, rather
loose, organization. The new organization proposes to eliminate them by
establishing a clear-cut distinction between operational police units and
auxiliary services on the one hand, and the relationship between
- i9 ­

municipal and police authorities on the other. To this end, two con­
cepts were introduced:
a. hierarchical chain of command; and
b. technical supervision,
2. According to the'plan, the Minister of the Interior commands the
police through the Director General of Police; his authority is dele­
gated to the Secretaries of State in charge of the provinces who com­
mand the police through their respective Provincial Police Commissioners.
However, from a technical or professional standpoint, only the police
officials exercise any direct supervision over police activities.
3. The details of the proposed reorganization.arespelled out in
Exhibits B, C, and D.
D. Personnel Distribution
1. To -perform their wide range of responsibilities, the National
Police have 1,896 men distributed as follows:
Commissioners Officers (title) Inspectors Enlisted
Indig. French Indig. French Indig. Indig. TOTAL
Police.GHQ 14 12 8 20 37 386 477
Province of
Tananarive 8 ' 3 10 22 422 468.
- Province of -
Tamatave 6 5 1 3 12 165 .192
Province of
Di6go-Suarez 5 2 1 7 11 161 187
Province of
Majunga
5 3 3 6 135 152
Province of
Fianarantsoa 6 2 4 8 192 212
Province
Tulear
of
5 2 1 2 7 191 208
TOTALS 49 29 1.4 49 103 1,652 1,896
- 20 ­

2. It will be noticed that a number of French nationals are still
maintained as active members of the Malagasy police force. As a matter
of fact, there are more than three times as many French nationals in the
Officers (title) rank than Malagasy. This peculiar situation will be
discussed in detail under "Evaluation" (X-A, page 66).
E. Table of Equipment
1. Armament -
The impression is that the Malagasy Police have inherited from
the French a collection of sundry weapons which they try, as best they
can, to fit into their organization. As a rule, the Malagasy policeman
is not armed, but a small supply of weapons is kept at the Precinct Head­
quarters for issuance in case of emergency. Most of the arms and ammu­
nition is concentrated in the Flying Brigade Headquarters where they are
maintained by experienced armorers.
Location
Weapons
I Flying Brigade Others Total
Machine Gun 8 nm
Automatic Rifle MAS 7.5
Sub-Machine Gun MAT 9 m/m
Sub-Machine Gun STEN 9 m/m
Carbine 8 m/m
Automatic Pistol 9 m/m
Automatic Pistol 7.65 long
Old Pistols & revolvers of
varied make & caliber
Surveyed 1892 revolvers
-21 ­
4 - 4
150 - 150
99 10 109
93 155 248
- 1 1
- 13 13
100 100 200
96 344 440
108 -- 108

Ammunition Location
8 /m
Flying Brigade
11,066
Others
--
Total
11,066
7.5 m/m
9 m/m
7.65 m/m long
Revolver ammunition
Hand grenades
14,465
131,379
20,735
3,235
741
2,000
53,191
1,039
17,378
10
16,465
184,570
21,774
10,613
751
Tear gas cans 1,016 266 1,282
Tear gas masks 50 - 50
2. Transportation
a. One of the major complaints of the Malagasy Police is lack
of proper transportation. Three distinct situations may be considered
from the standpoint of motor transportation.
--The city of Tananarive with its maze Lof hilly, narrow
cobblestone paved streets, requiring sturdy, small, highly
1
maneuverable vehicles;
--The long stretches of good, hard-topped roads which
give access to the hinterland in all directions from
Tananarive and requiring fast cars for patrol purposes;
-- The "bush" region requiring strong Akx4, field-type vehicles.
b. The Malagasy police are trying to fill these needs with the
Citroen 2-CV and the Peugeot 203 in and around Tananarive, and the Land
Rover in the hinterland. Motorcycles are used almost exclusively for
escort service. It is said that the Germans have promised the Police
30 DKMs,-but as of this writing thelatter have one of these vehicles,
which presumably has been purchased out of Malagasy Government funds.
c. On account of the wide dispersion of the police motor fleet,
maintenance becomes a major problem. The Police rely almost entirely on
local commercial repair facilities.
-'22 ­
-dUlAU~IRED

Vehicles
Peugeot 40 3 , 4 door
Peugeot 403, commercial
Peugeot 403, station wagon
- Peugeot 203, 4 door
Peugeot 203, station wagon
Peugeot 203, commercial
Citroen 20V, 4 door
Citroen, station wagon
-Citroen 20V, carry-all
Renault, station wagon
Chevrolet, station wagon
Citroen 5 ton truck
Citroen 2 ton truck
Motorcycle
Renault WCV, 4 door
Land Rover
Jeep, Willys
German Jeep DKM
~fWr.
,1nl
uuCiASfWliD
Good
1
5
21
11
3
10
13
4f
1
1
1
14
2
1
-23 ­
Condition
Fair Bey-ond
Repair
2
1
4 5
1
5
7
1 4,
1.- 13
2
6 10
1
5 5
2 3
1
7
2
20
1
8
17
5
27
6
1
1
1
30
1
12
5
1

ORGANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL POLICE
PROVINCIAL LEVEL
mimma SECRETARY OF STATE DELEGATE
PROVINCIAL COMMISSIONER
EX HIBIT D
RIERARCHICRICAL AUTHORITY
TECHNICAL SUPERVISION
PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATIVESERICES
SECRETARIAT RECORDS GENERALINFO COMMUNICATIONS PERSONNELMATERIEL FISCAL
* HAIL SERVICE *REGISTRATION a CLASSIFICATION *RECEPTION 4 DISTRIBUTION OF * CONTROL OF RADIO TRAFFIC * PERSONNEL
* STATISTICS CRIHINAL, INTELLIGENCE INFO.
* REPORTS
* CIRCULARS
* SPECIAL CASES
RECORDS
*MANACEHENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE
* FILING OF MESSAGES
*CLASSIFICATION OF TEATS,
CIRCULARS,REPORTS, TIC * IIAINTENANCE OF RADIO
- MATERIAL
* FISCAL
* PRESS RELATIONS
*LIAISON UITI OTHER
AGENCIES
REcORDS EQUIPMENT
IMMIORATION INTELLIGENCE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
SECRETARIAT * SECRETARIAT - COORDINATION- DAILY BULLETIN - DIGEST * SECRETARIAT
* at GROUP
*PASSPORT AND RENEWALS
* VISAS
* Ist CROUP- POLITICAL & SOCIALINFORMATION (POLITICAL PAR-
TIES - CLUBS- ASSOCIATIONS- UNIONS- SOCIAL
mOVEmENTS - CULTS)
* DETCCTIVE SQUADS
*HOMICIDE
* ROBBERY - KIDNAPPING- BOES
* LIAISON WITH BORDER POSTS *FORGERY(MISC )
* 2nd GROUP
* 2nd GROUP- FINANCIAL & ECONIEC INFORMATION(INDUSTRY.
COMDERCE - AGRICULTURE)
*FORGERY(ONEY)
*FORGERY (SEAL)
* CONTROLOF ENTRIES
* LIAISON WI BORDERPOSTS * 3rd GROUP* ALIEN - DRESS - RADIO- ADMINISTRATIVE INVISf1-
* ESCAPED PRISONERS
* GANGS
* STATISTICS
* GENERALINFORMATION
CATIONS *"NARCOrlCS
* SURVEILLANCE OF ALIENSAND FOREIGNRESIDENTS, ESPECIALLY * CRIMINAL IDENTIFICATION
OF THELR POLITICAL, SOCLAL& ECONOMLC ACIVITIES
*LABORATORY
* SURVEILLANCEOF FOREIGN ASSOCIATIONS
* SURVEILLANCE OF THE PRESS (ORIENTATION,ACION, INFLU-
* HOTOGRAPHY
* ANrNROPONETRY
ENCE)
* SURVEELLANCE OF PRINTING COMPANIES, BOOK SHOPS, TC.
* ANALYSISOF IMPORTANCE ANDPROPAGATIONOF
IDEOLOGIES
* MONITORINGFOREIGNRADIOBROADCAST
* ADMENISTRATIVE INVESTIGATIONS (APPLICATIONSFORCOV.
POSITIONS, CITATIONS OR OTHERS AS REQUESTED)
AIRl&SEAPORTS AULUNITS
.CONTROLOF PASSPORTS & VISAS
CLERKS
SUPPLY CLERKS
-DEORTATIONS
ORDERLIES
SHITCHBOARD OP.
NURSES
PHYSICAL ED, SP
. -5 . JAILERS
INTELLIGENCE IPREFECT LVELj
-
UNIFORMUNITS
(SAME AS ABOVE)
SECRETARIAT
SPECIAL Is! OIP
UNITS CRIMINAL
aI
Z
C,)
URBAN POLICE
MAiORCITIES-
2
-t
2~ - --
URiAl POLICE
PROVINCIAL CAPITAL
DETECTIVES PRECINCTS
94, UCLAS!V-- L
- 1

1st ADMIlIlSTRATIVE SECT
URBAN POLICE TANANAPIE
PALSTATION ANTSISABE
POLSTATICK AMATOCAMPY D*
SPECIAL RS DETAIL
[I--
PEROCRTAMATAVE
E T
ORGANIZATION OF THE POLICE OF MADAGASCAR
DIRECTOR GENERAL
OF NATIONAL POLICE
ASSISTANT DIRECTR EXHIBIT A
SECRETARIAT SPECIAL CASES ANTISUBYERSIVE DITAIL
IMIIniON
FLYINGBRICADE AIRPORT DETAIL
ADMIIN ISTOATIVE DIV
ITIT B CMALINFELIGENCE AIR
L L
~ESAFEUIY
PROVMDIEGOS lARE2 PROVCd RAJINGA PROVCOMRFIANARANISIIA7 I
I
ADMIllSTRATIVESECT AUllHINISlilATIVESCT AIDMINISTRATIVE SECT
ADMIN[$TRATIVESBEC.
2nd INVESTIGATIVE SECT 3rdlISIBATIE SECT. 4tI lNVESTIGATIVE SECT SI VVESTIBATIVE SEC
I I
2Ld INTELLIGENCE SECT I E F4t1 -L INTELLIGENCE SECT
5th INTELLIGEFICE5EST.
I
ROCOH
I tEAR
PUBLIC SAFETY PUBLICSAFETY PUBLIC SAFETY PUBLIC SAFETY PABLIC SAFETY
UBANPOLICE EINCDANTSOA,
FI STATION MORAMAIA PCL STATOON ANTALAIIA POL STATION MADVOAY POLSTATION AlOSI1A
URBANPOLICE TRILEAR
POTl STATIONMORONDAVA
POLSTATION AMIIATODRA
- PL STATION AIAAYY PlL STATION MANAUIARY POLSTATION FORT ODAAIN
SPECIAL DETAIL MORAMAiSA
-- URBANPOLICEesi 050E POeSTATIC ICACAnA
INNIGRATION I I ATIN ImmITION
- 25 ­
ULSTATION FARAFANANA
POLSTATION lOSY
IMMERTIII;

I
.3 >~ ~,
IE RARCHI
- TElCHNICAl
PUBLICSAFETY
DIVISIDN
3 1~
a ADMINISTR
OPERATION
ORGANIZATION

4'14-4
*0
I
ORGANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL POLICE GENERAL HEADQUARTERS
GEINERAL
S1PERVIS10N
*INSPECTION OFFROYICIALFISTS
* UNITORH
* DISCIFLINE
* EFFICIENCY CONTROL
* SUGGES110IS
CENTRALRECORIS
DIRECTOR GENERAL OF NATIONAL POLICE EXHIBIT C
STAFF
XECnUTIVE SECRETARIAT
15SECTION 2ndSECTII *COMUNITY&. LABOI RELATIO.S
*CRAMNALSI RECOS *GICIAL P1LLICELC
* ISR RC AL L ACTIVITIES
ORDS
3rSlSEl SECI
* NATION&A IDENTIIFICATON CARDS
CLASSIFICATIONOF FINGERINTV CARI IN
CON El1 MIHNATOA.D. HFCTO
RECORDSTON
CAD
M1~ft
* SECAL.EOLICE
AOMINIST SECREIARIAT CERAL SERIVICES
-GUARM
GENERAL. OFFICEWORK
*OREBLIES
*NAINIENANGE
*SIlTCIBOARDPRATORA
* HIENSEiRS
PROTECTIOt OF PRESIDENT &DIGNITARIES
* COORDINATIONOF POLICE ACIVITIES TO
ENSURE THESkrrV 0 COVERNMENT OF.
FICIALS TAVELSANDFOREIGN DIG00
TAREES' VUSETS
OFHIGH
* DIRECT U0TRE10 OF TNEPRESIDENT,
GOVRNMrTr OFFICIALSANDFOR.
EIGNREURESE10fATIVMS TMIENREAUSTED
COMNINICATIONS
* HANAGRIIlNOF RADIOTRAFFIC
* TECHNICAL LAINING . REPAIR & H&AINE-
NANCE
* TECNiNICALSUPERVISIONOF NEIVOJR
INTELLIGENCE 111VIS101! *NIOIR 00l. INVESTIlATIVE FOLIEDlVIS11(
1st SECTIOR
2111SECIIOI
ist SECTION 2ndSECTION
4ANALYSIS
OFINFO SOIAL&POTCL
P RESS
*DAILYBULLSED RADIO
3rd5ECTION 4thSECTION
ECOOMI & F.NANCIM. * NORMTONOil SU.-
EMFDNATION YERSIVEACHYLTIES
PUBLICSAFEIYDIISION
fit 5001100 2N SECTION
10AN PRECINCTS RESERVEHOBILE UNITS
PERSONNEL NATERIEL FISCAL DIISION
SPECIAL OPERATIOIS DIVISIN
* CCONATION
* STATESTICS
SMIODSOFOPERATION
* LIAISONITH INTEROL
*PRU
3rd SECTION 4thSECTION
POLIC LABORATORY * JUDICIARYInvESTE.
CATIONS
* COMELETEDMCA-
DACTYLAR PILES * RACES, GAMBLIIG
RstSECTION PERSONNEL 2ndSECTION IfATEUIEL 3rd SECTION FISCAL Iet SECTIOWNMFS CONTROLS 2ndSECTION PASSPORTS 3rd SECTION VISAS
4thSECTION-DUOCNMENTS
* Pass t. * N(ATERIEO. NANAEMENT * iNire
* L AL* ISSUANCE OFVASSPORTS
*ZSCACE OF VISAS - ClMOIDGICA. & IEDELOGLCA.
* RECORTS *lSIIFOR}Mi-EQUOIPrt * RREPARATION & MANAGEMENT
*AMMANDIT- OFFICEMACHINGS
* REitUITNENT - CCDIEEITIVA EAHE &FUNCITURE * REQIESTS FORRELEASE OFAILO
*SUJPPLIES
CATIONS
*RSCIINITDIENT OFAL CATCOORII IF
FERSOIiNE. *1O100KYCPING& PLANIG * AELICATRINS FORHEMJOBS
* UNIFORMS-EQUIPMET
* ORCANIZATION OFCPOETITIVE *AG
EAMENATIONS *VEECLES
* GJLOINGO *AC(NNKTMGIN
*iPERVISI0N OF POLICESCHOOL
*S1IPS & AREIOIUS.
*TROWIfEL MANACIDIMIT * PRII~ UONAS4NT* ARMORY A.I * PUISYIONS
* IG*GENERAL IJAlCIUNSE
*.AIoOR FOOL
* CAFUS,EARS, CABARES
AS RVISIN OF RL AIFI TRS O CIEYGAW S
* PEASNCLUBS
SAORT DETAILS
* IioEUS& EOANGLOClOUSES * RESIDENPEMLET * COIFILATION AND CLASSIFICATION
LEALIENS FROESIOA. INFO
ARM & ECFLOSIVMS * ALIENSOF DMOFUL NATIONALITY *UNDEI
'LIRARY
*AMS & AMM. SALES
0ORDL
* INFORTATIONOF SAllE
* FRFAIMPERMIT * DEFORTATIOS
*EIPLOSRVES
*WORK CONTRACES
*VICE
* PROSTTUTION
* DERAVATION IO
* SIuCv
*POUNGRARHI
* RONILONS & RECLAASFICATEs
* DISCIFLINE - AtfARDS MMM, ~AAA
*UL GS
OFFICEBUJILDINGS
*ALUANCMS
RACES. CAUSUING
* MESCELLANSEGIS
* ASSOCIATIONS
* LEAVES LEA*RENT * RESDENLIQURS
&UTILITIES *UNIONS
* MNIlIOAN.CI
*
* TRANSFCNS
PEDDLI1kc
*:ltUriu - FISuING
* SPECIAL ASSTIGXMS
* LODTERY
* BCNEFITS
tiS&1
g
'4 *
N
'A'

VL INSPECTIONS
A. National Police General Headquarters
1. The National Police General Headquarters is located in the.cen­
ter of the Tananarive governmett offices district. The building is a
one and two story brick structure of French colonial style. The Direc­
tor General's office, the General File Section, the Fiscal Office and
many of the other supervisory offices appeared to be well-maintained and
were fully staffed by Mal'gasy nationals. Numerous French nationals
were present, some still in line of command but mainly in the.capacity
of technical advisors. The relationship between the French officers -
and the Malagasy police officers gave every evidence of being one of
friendliness and cooperation.
2. In one wing of the building, spacious and well appointed resi­
dential quarters are provided for the Director General and his family.
B. Identification Bureau
1. Since 1901 Madagascar has had a criminal identification service,
_bgttprknown then,as-the-lAnthropometric-Service..I Physical.character­
istics were recorded and classified according to the Bertillon system.
This system was further supplemented by a rather simple dactyloscopic
system adjusted to the needs of the Malagasy people by French Police
InspectorBrasnu.- Branches of this service were installed in Tamatave,
Majunga, Fianarantsoa, and Didgo-Suarez. All of these provincial of­
fices were also equipped with anthropometric measuring equipment.
-28-
SWI

2. In 1942 the system became inadequate to handle the increasing
volume of individuals to be identified. French Police Commissioner
Minjoz then installed a new fingerprint system of identification based
on the Vucetich method of classification. This system which can be
found in many countries that are within the primary area of influence of
the French is, very briefly, based on a classification of the basic fin­
gerprint patterns without resotting to ridge tracing or ridge counting.
The system is presently in use and is entirely adequate for a population
several times that of Madagascar.
3. On 19 October 1961 Chief Police OfMiter E. Heiby, a French na­
tional, and the assistant'to the Director Gbiital of the National Police,
Mr. Philibert Robinson, took the Public Safety Team on a tour of the
Identification Bureau. Chief Heiby, a highly qualified Identification
and Laboratory Specialist advised that at the resent time there are
over 500,000 civil and criminal fingerprints cards on file. (Civil and
criminal prints are not kept in separate files.) The Identification
Bureau is housed in a wing of the National Police General Headquarters.
The actual file room is approximately 40' x 80', with a 20' ceiling and
library type balcony around the stacks where the fingerprint cards are
filed in wooden boxes on open shelves. The files which are maintained
in a very orderly manner, were found in excellent condition. In addi­
tion to approximately 20 fingerprint classifiers and file clerks, 10
trainees were observed at work. Mr. Heiby advised that these were young
men from the provincial departments being trained for their local bureaus.
4. According to Mr. Heiby, dactyloscopic identification is practiced
in Madagascar on a large scale. It facilitates the effective.control of
- 29 ­

internal migration and the solution of problems resulting from similarity
of names and changes of status. The system is perfectly accepted by the
public and functions with regularity and precision. In a previous inter­
view, the Director 'General, Pierre Bora, advised that in January 1962 his
department plans to start a compulsory Civil Fingerprint Program of the
entire Malagasy population. He further stated that the police have not
experienced nor do they anticipate any public reaction to this rather
severe fingerprint policy.
5. Attached hereto as Exhibit E is a blank fingerprint card. It
will be noted that space ib provided on the reverse side (Exhibit F)
-for the Anthropometric dedeription, front and profile photographs and
detailed explanation of arrest or reason for being fingerprinted. Mr.
Heiby advised that for the sake of economy the profile photograph is now
omitted. It was alsodlearned at this time that all individuals who come
to the official notice of tWe police are fingerprinted.
C. Crime Laboratory
1. The Crime Laboratory of the National Police was formally organ­
ized on 6 July 1960 by Mr. Andr4 Resampa, Minister of the Interior of
the-Republic-of-Malagasy. -Mr. -V-ictor-Ramanitra-,-then-Director General­
of the National Police assisted in implementing this project. Chief
Police Officer E. Heiby, was placed in charge of the new laboratory.
He is Assisted by Malagasy Inspector Rotovondrahona, a fingerprint spe­
cialist. (See page 38.) In addition to the two principal officers men­
tioned above, there is an office staff of two secretaries, and four A
assistant technicians.
- 30 -.

- 31 ­
rM-j
Li
Un
* -C
.4..~
02
0)
0
*r4
4.b
V
1-I
up ",0%a

NOM, ordnoms.
:-0000-WFlu
I
t
C
C-
C
0,*
a-
Forniule.
MAIN GAUCHE. - (Impressions digitales routies;
Auricularre. Anhulaire - M4dius Index Pouce ­
-:MAIN- .DROITE, - (Impressions digitales routdei)
Peace Indmi MidIus Annufare Auriculaire
- 32 -
IllRSa
EXHIBIT E

I!
uj
0
No_ NOTICE. .ANtHROPOMTRIQUE Formule Avctyloscopique
NOM *
Pr6noms :-.
n Ie C
district.
profession :
nombre d'enfants
-
-_ surnoms et pseudonymes
canton__
*,fils de . erd
,domicile . relations
services militaires : - -. ige apparent:*
RENSEIGNEMENTS DESCRIPTIFS
taille : Im front : , nez :
meikon,:* cheveux :.; ..... barbe : - . soprcils :, -
forme visage : corpilence : , caste ou nationalit6 :.
I1.V.-
MARQUES PARTICULIfRES
I. ---- - - I V.
III . ... .. .V I
z Motifs du passage au service . -
Dresse le. par
bouche :
, youx :,oreille
..
.eint
_________
g.:
pr - -­
_
PHOTO : face
PHOTO : profil
4S
1
L.~j
x
'2]

2. Prior to the establishment of this Laboratory, all criminalistic
laboratory work was done in France. Long and costly delays resulted
from this arrangement.
3. This laboratory which 'is located at National Police General
Headquarters, has adequate space consisting of an office, large labora­
tory room and two large dark rooms. In space ac'conmodations, equipment,
and skilled personnel it appearp to compare very favorably with the
average facilities of a city of. 300,000 population in the United States.
4. The two photographic dark rooms appear to be fully equipped with
standard equipment capable- of handling all photographic processing for
the General Headquarters plus specialized work from the Provincial Head­
quarters. It was observed that the laboratory is equipped with a new
comparison microscope, two other new micro scopes, all with camera attach­
ments, a large table size comparator and illuminated magnifier, black
light, ultra-violet light, micro photo enlarger, comparison firearms
collection, and all the smaller and standard items of chemical laboratory
equipment.
5. Mr. Heiby also exhibited a large Faurot Professional size field
laboratory and investigation kit recently obtained from a supplier in
the United States. He commented that American fingerprint supplies
are much superior to any other -materials available. He particularly
would like to obtain American aluminum powder, small camel hair brushes,
and lifting tape for latent prints.
6. At the present time the laboratory routinely handles the follow­
ing examinations:
Forged Documents
Handwriting and fingerprint examinations
a34 ­

National Police Criminal Laboratory
Inspector Rotovondrahona (left), Chief Police Officer Heiby
The Flying Brigade (white Sam Browne belt) on the parade
ground in front of Police School building.
- 35 ­

Lifting and developing latent fingerprints
Blood analysis to determine presence' (not type)
Ultra Violet and Black Light examination
Ballistic examinations
Moulage and plaster of Paris reproductions -
Hair, fiber and paint analysis
Glass, metal, and wood fractures
Tool marks
Fingerprint restoration from decomposed bodies
All photo and microphoto work
Petrographic examinations
7. Mr. Heiby advised that now that' the Crime Laboratory is function­
ing satisfactorily and General Headquarters Laboratory'Personnel have
been trained, it is anticipated that specialized training will be given
to technicians and officers from the Provincial Headquarters.
D. Flving Brigade
1. The Director General and the Public Safety Team reviewed the
troops of the Police Flying Brigade on 24 October. This is a mobile
riot squad composed of highly disciplined professional troops.
2. Approximately 40% of the Brigade are Senegalese veterans who
came to Madagascar with the French army to put down the 1947 insurrection.
When they were demobilized, they stayed in the island and acquired
Malagasy citizenship.
3. The Brigade is under the command of M. Trotet, a very able and
perianable French officer. The other officers are of Senegalese origin,
while the officer candidates and remaining troops are Malagasy.
4. The force is organized into four sections, each commanded by a
Second Lieutenant. The sections are subdivided into four squads, each
commanded by a Non-Commissioned officer. The personnel distribution is
as follows:
- 36 ­
1 -M

Commandant -1
First Lieutenant, Second in Command 1
Second Lieutenants 4
Officer Candidates a
Non Commissioned Officers 16 ­
* Troops 152
TOTAL - 182
(Ditector Bora advised that the 1962 budget request includes
100 additional troops for the Brigade)
* 5. For administrative and-military training purposes the students
of the-Police School, both Officer Candidates and enlisted men, are
attached to the Brigade during their training course.
6.' The Brigade and Police School share a compound located about one
-mile east of-Tananarive. 'In addition to office and school-facilities,
there is a mess, billets for both single and famil4 men, motor pool and
shops for minor echelon repairs.
7. Transportation consists of one 5-ton CItroen truck with 30 troop
capacity and one 2-ton Citro'en enclosed van with 15 troop capacity.
This equipment is obviously inadequate for an outfit which is supposed
to be dispatched at a moment's notice to any location in the Republic
where their presence is necessary to the maintenance of civil order and
internal security. One third of the Brigade is on ready alert at all
times with their gear packed and prepared to move.
Si The armory is conveniently located and kept in a very orderly
manner. An experienced civilian armorer, with adequate shop facilities
and'tools, is in charge of all maintenance and repairs, (See V-E-1 for
list of arsament.)
9. The Team was very favorably impressed by the discipline, training
and general appearance of this unit.
-37­

E. Police School
.1. The Police School has just been put in operatiop.- It is now
conducting its first 15-week class for -14 officer cadidates and 31
enlisted men. The Police plan to train three classes'por year and antic­
ipate that future sessions will consist of 20 to 25 Officers Candidates
and 60 enlisted men.
2.. The curricula taught at the school are shown on pages 39 and 40.
It will be noticed that, with two exceptions, all the instructors are
French nationals. M. Lesueur, who impressed the Team as being a compe­
_tent.police specialist, isthe Director of the School.
.,3. One-of the difficulties of the school is the low level of educa­
tion of.the enlisted men group. For this reason they are taught the­
"three Ria" and other basic subjects five times a week. Physical fitness
is.also stressed. During the Tesmts visit M. Maurel, a former French
Police-Training Officer fromnToulouse1 France, conducted a mass demon­
stration of Judo and disarming exercises in which all the trainees par­
ticipated.
4. Director Lesueur mentioned that during the present year 15 out­
standing young officers have been sent to France for~advanced training
and that 9 others are scheduled to go next year. As this training is
very expensive, the School plans to extend its curriculum to include
"in service training", advance officer training and other specialized
courses. -
5. Housekeeping at the School is excellent. Claseroomas, moos-hall,
quarters, recreation room,.though not elaborate, are adequate and neat.

MALAGASY REPUBLIC
MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR
NATIONAL POLICE H
NATIONAL POLICE SCHOOL
OFFICER CANDIDATES SCHEDULE
23 - 29 October-1961 -
SUBJECT - INSTRUCTOR
MONDAY -07:30 - 08:30
08:30 - 09:30
Physical training
Penal procedure
Maurel
Lesueur
09:30 - 10:30 Public safety Broussy
10:30 - 11:30
14:00 - 15:00
15:00 - 16:00
Penal law
Civil law
Criminalistics
Guenin
Guerin
Heiby
16:00
17:00 - - 17:00
18:30
Physical training.
Study period
Maurel
TUESDAY 07:30 - 08:30 Physical training .Maurel
08:30 - 09:30 Penal Procedure -Lesueur
09:30 - 10:30 Intelligence Ancely
10:0 - 11:30 Penal law Guenin
14:00 ­ 15:00 Civil law Guerin
15:00 ­ 17:00 Swimming Maurel
17:00 ­ 18:30 Study period
WEDNESDAY 07:30 ­ 08:30 Physical training - Maurel
08:30 ­ 09:30 Geography Lesueur
09:30 ­ 10:30 Penal procedure Lesueur
10:30 ­ 11:30 Penal law Guenin
14:00 ­ 15:00 Criminalistics Heiby
15:00 ­ 16:00 * Police patrol Randavindrason
16:00 ­ 17:00 Physical training Maurel
17:00 ­ 18:30 Study period
THURSDAY 07:30 ­ 09:30 Interrogations
- 09:30 ­ 10:30 Public safety Broussy
10:30 ­ 11:30 Penal law Guenin
14:00 ­ 16:00 Firing range practice Dielibou
16:00 ­ 17:00 Physical education Maurel
17:00 ­ 18:30 Study period --
FRIDAY 07:30 - 08:30 Physical training Maurel
08:30 - 09:30 Penal procedure Lesueur
* 09:30 - 10:30 Intelligence Ancely
10:30 - 11:30 Penal law Guenin
14:00 - 15:00 Civil law - Guerin
* 15:00 - 16:00 Police patrol Randavindrason
16:00 - 17:00 Physical education Maurel
17:00 ­ 18:30 Study period
SATURDAY 07:30 - 09v0 Interrogation
09:30 - 10:30 Public safety Broussy
10:30 - 11:30 Penal procedure Lesueur
39W

1~
MALAGASY REPUBLIC ENLISTED MEN SCHEDULE
MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR­ 23 to 29 October' 1961
NATIONAL POLICE H -
NATIONAL POLICE SCHOOL
SUBJECT INSTRUCTOR
MONDAY 07:30. ­ 08:30 Physical training Maurel.
08:30 - 09:30 Basic education Rasamoelina
. 09:30 - 10:30 Intelligence Ancely
10:30 - 11:30 Urban police Broussy
14:00 - 16:00 Manual of Arms & Drill Dielibou
16:00 - 17:00 Physical training - Maurel
17:00 - 18:30 Study period
TUESDAY 07:30 - 08:30 Physical training Maurel
08:30 - 09:30 - Traffic regulations - Trotet
09:30 - 11:30 Basic education Rasamoelina
- 14:00 ­ 15:00 Study.period
15:00 ­ 17:00 Swiming Maniel
17:00 -18:30 Study period -
WEDNESDAY 07:30 - 08:30 Physical training Maurel
08:30 ­ 09:30 Police reporting . Trotet
09:30 ­ 11:30 Basic education Rasamoelina
14:00 - 15:00 Police patrol Randavindrason
15:00 - 16:00 Drill ' Dielibou
16:00 - 17:00 Physical training Maurel
17:00 18:30 Study period --
THURSDAY 07:30 - 08:30 Physical- training Maurel
08:30 ­ 09:30 Traffic regulations Trotet
09:30 - 10:30 Intelligence Ancely
10:30 - 11:30 Urban police Broussy
* 14:00 - 17:00 Firing range practice Dielibou
17:00 -- 18:30 Study period
FRIDAY 07:30 - 08:30 Physical training Maurel
08:30 - 09:30 Police reporting Trotet
09:30 - 11:30 Basic education Rasamoelina
14:00 - 15:00 Police patrol Randavindrason
15:00 - 16:00 Drill Dielibou
16:00 - 17:00 Physical education Maurel
17:00 - 18:30 Study period
SATURDAY 07:30 08:30 First Aid Maurel
08:30 09:30 Traffic regulation Trotet
09:30 10:30 Basic education Rasamoelina
10:30 11:30 Urban police Broussy
- 40 ­

6. Both Malagasy and French off iclalis seem to attach a great deal
of importance to this school. Their pride in showing it to the Team
was evident. It is one of the most encouraging signs, not only of
Franco-Malagasy cooperation, but also of the Malagasy Government inter­
est in building up an efficient police force.
Officer Candidates and Enlisted Men undergoing training at
the Malagasy National Police School.
F. Communications
1. The central station of the Police comnunications system is
located in the back of the National Police Headquarters. The Team was
introduced there to M. Maurice Doucet, the French Chief Technician, who
furnished all the following information in the presence of Mr.
Rakotonandrianiana, Assistant to the Director General and Chief of the
Special Anti-Subversion detail.
-lng

2. Status of the system as of October 1961:
a. Number of Stations ­
6 Primary Stations located in Provincial
Capitals with Tananarive -net control.
8 Secondary Stations located in major cities.
b. Transmission Mddes ­
A-i, Manual CW, extensive use of cipher
A-3, Radiotelephone, used infrequently by officials.
c. Frequencies ­
3780 kcs., nighttime:
6800 kos., daytime
6844 kcs., daytime
7560 kcs., applied for to International Telecommunications
Union through Malagasy Post, Telegraph and Telephone,
Department.
d. Equipment ­
1 - 350 watt RCA Transmitter
4 - 200 Watt ROA Transmitters
4 - 50 Watt RcA Transmitters
1.- 200 Watt Composite (made locally by M. Doucet)
1 - 75 Watt Composite (made locally by M. Doucet)
11 - 35 Watt Composite (made locally by M. Doucet)
3 - 20 Watt Composite (made locally by M. Doucet)
6 - RCA-AR-88 Receivers
3 - RCA Marine Receivers
4 - AME French Receivers
9 - Composite Receivers
2 or 3 - Miscellaneous Receivers (Hallicrafter, etc.)
Nearly all stations are provided with RCA 2KW, JAPY
1000 or other power generators generally in poor condition.
(See pages 44, 45 and 46-for station location.)
e. Effectiveness ­
----- Operation-is- marginal -to-poor--due-to-fol-lowing-reasons:
Wear - Newest equipment is of 1947 vintage;
Inadequate source of maintenance items;
Two-thirds of equipment is home-made;
Erratic power sources;
Poor location of stations;
Adverse atmospheric conditions and propagation paths;
Low transmitting power.
f. Power Sources ­
50 cycle AC at volts. Power supply outside of
Tananarive is not dependable. Voltage fluctuates
between 15 and 20% of normal.
-42-
Our W

g. Personnel -_.
Assistant to f Doucet is merely a novice. He and 27
radio.operators assigned to the network are all Malagasy
with-the exception of Majunga. 'Their OW Traffic averages
15 WPM.- In the past.they were recruited from the ranks
of the Police but they are being given specialist status
and recruited directly from civilian life. (See page 45.)
(Judging by the work he is performing, M. Doucet is himself
an experienced and competent technician.)
h. Maintenance Laboratory -
The test equipment is quite adequate and- consists of
Heathkit, VTVM grid dipper
Oscilloscope
French signal generator, tube tester and resistance
capacity instrument.
Good assortment of hand tools
However, tubes and repair parts are in very small supply.
i. Hours of Operation -
Although Tananarive station is "open" 24 hours daily,
all other stations are open from 6 A.M. to 6 P.M. Usual
operator staffing is two men per city. If special circumstances
warrant, stations are sometimes held open as
long as required.
J. Traffic Loading -
Load is very light. Headquarters handles average of 30
telegrams per day. Enciphering and deciphering is manual
and performed by a security office under the Director of
Police. Within individual Provinces, a small amount of
traffic between cities is handled.
k. Tananarive metropolitan two-way radio system -
A snall system has been built by the French Technician
with salvaged equipment. It is limited to two base and
three mobile units. They are VHF A3, running from 3 to
10 watts, non-crystal controlled. The system is normally
not in use. On very special occasions the Technician
"tunes" up the equipment and it is used for an hour or
so, but as vehicles drive down the streets the units
get out of tune. This system is considered by the Team
to be worse than useless.
1. New Stations -
Mr. Rakotonandrianina pointed out that they desired to
install new fixed stations at: Airport, Manakara,
Mananjary, Ambositra, and Moramanga.
m. Propagation Factors -
Fortunately, the net control station at Tananarive is
very centrally located. The Island is approximately
- 43 -
SAtIaa

1000 miles long and 300 riles wide. Circuit paths vary
in length from 35 kilometers to nearly 700 -kilometers.
Topography varies from sea level -to high plateau with
mountain ranges. Climate varies from tropical to temperate,
with -static and humidity conditions.
n. Frequency Allocation ­
- The three point-to-point -fixed-station frequencies now
in use were assigned by the local Post, Telegraph and
Telephone Department after clearance through the Inter­
.national Telecommunication Uniod (ITU).
NATIONAL POLICE RADIO SYSTEM STATION LOCATION
PRIMARY STATIONS
(Provincial Capitals)
Locations Transmitters Receivers Emergency Power
Tananative 350 W RCA
200 W Comp.
Tamatave 20.0 w
35 W RCA
Comp.
'
RCA AR
RICO
RCA AR 88
Comp.
88 PMH 5/5
2 Kw 5
RCA
RCA
PMH 3/5 RCA
Diego Suares .200W RCA' RCA AR 88 PMH 3/5 RCA
35 W Comp.
Comp.
Fianarantsoa 50 W
35 W
RCA (Marine)
Comp.
RCA Marine
A.M.E.
JAPY 1000 W
Tulear­ 200 W RCA RCA AR 88 2 Kw 5 RCA
35 W* Comp. A.M.E. JAPY 1000 W
Majunga
200 W RCA
35 W COmp.
-44­
RCA AR 88
Comp.
2 Kw 500 SAFI
JAPY 1000 W

U&~JASsww
SECONDARY STATIONS
SECONDARY STATIONS
(Major Cities)
locations Transmitters Receivers Emergency Power
Ambatondrazaka 35 W Comp. A.M.E. 2 Kw 500 Diesel
1250 W RCA
Fort Dauphin '50 W RCA (Marine) RCA Marine
35 W comp.. Hallicrafter
Nossi Be 50 W' RCA (Marine) RCA Marine
Comp.
Mahavavy '35 W Comp.: Comp. 2 Kw 500 Diesel
. N6ay'Lava 50 W RCA (Marine) RCA Marine
Comp.
*Vedette (boat) 22 W French Marine (inoperative) Battery'
Farafangana. '35 W.,Comp. A.M.E. JAPY 1000 W
20 W. Comp. (old Fr. Any)
Antalaha 35,W. Comp. A.M.E. JAPY 1000 W
35 W Comp. Comp.
Morondava 35 W Copp. A.M.E. JAPY 1000 W
20 W Comp. Comp.
Portable/Fixed 75 W Comp. A.M.E. Bernard JAPY 1000 W
Mobile Tananari ve 12 W Comp.- Comp.
6 W Comp..
1. French dictation
EXAMINATION FOR. POLICE RADIO OPERATORS
2. Questions on international radio electric .procedure .(Q code)
3. Transmission of message in clear- (20 groups per minute)
Transmission of enciphered message (15 groups per minute)
4* Reception of message in clear (20 groups per minute)
Reception of enciphered message (15 groups per minute)
5. Questions on elementary operator maintenance of equipment
-45­

UNCMSS~fn -
MALAGASY NATIONAL POLICE
- t
-~ d.6f~ -- ~~
t~ *
RADIO NET WORK DIEGO-SUAREZ
PRIMARY STATIONS
SECONDARY
PROPOSED "
MORONDAVA r *
TU LEAR
HOSS I-BE
NOSY LAVA 9
ARIVONIMANO e
(AIRPORT)
o MAJUNGA
AMBATONDRA ZAKA e
AMBOSITRA *
FIANARANTSQA o
MANAKARA
7 46,­
* MUKAMAEUA
TANANARIVE
,AITALAHA
MANANJARY
."...... ....
FARAFANGANA
'FORT-DAUPHIN
"'.
TAMATAVE
DNCuL

G. Tananarive Urban Police Division *
1. The Division is'housed in a large, modern 5-year old masonry
building, located across the street from USOM. (See illustration page
49.) In the first floor lobby, there are the usual duty officer station
and booking desk. The offices of the Commissioner and of his immediate
staff are large.and located on the second floor.' -As is customary in
Madagascar, the head of the Division lives on the piemises. In this
instance, he shares the spacious third floor living quarters with his
assistant.
2.. In the rear of the-Headquarters Building, known as "IHotel de
.Police", is a large compound with parade ground and-sheltered parking
area for the Divisionts vehicles. There is no automotive repair shop
in the building, as.such, but commercial facilities for all French makes
are available across the street.
3. Six temporary detention cells are located onthe ground floor.
Suspects may be detained in.these lock-ups for 48 hours prior to their
transfer to the main jail maintained by the City Government in the out­
skirts of Tananarive. 'The detention cells are kept unusually clean and
well secured..
4. Metropolitan Tananarive (population 300,000) is divided into
six precints over which the urban division has complete police jurisdic­
tion. The personnel of the division consists of 375 Malagasy nationals
and 10 French technical assistants distributed as follows:
Personnel laasy French
Chief Comissioner Victor Randrianihasa 1
Assistant Commissioners 6 1
A47- I

Personnel Malaeasy French
Police Officers (Title) 2 9
Police Inspectors 17 ­
Non-Commissioned Officers 25 -
Patrolmen and Auxiliary Personnel 324
.375 10
All heads of sectiop are Malagasy. The French assistants
occupy immediately adjoining rooms.
5. The Division is equipp ed with the following vehicles in various
state of rep!air: .
2 Peugeot 4-door Sedan (for Chief and Assistant)
6 Citroen 2CV (one for each precinct)
3 Renault Carryall vans (for "Police Secours")
12 Motorcycles (also about 50 bicycles)
6. The team had the op ortunity to inspect the city-wide, home­
made, two-way radio system already described on page 43. Mobile as well
as fixed VHF amplitude modulated units, without benefit of crystal con­
trol, were found inoperative.
7. Tour of Tananarire precincts.­
a.. Station No. 1. This station is located in downtown
Tananarive, in the City Hall, a large modern building. The quarters
are of adequate size and well arranged with separate entrances. They
include the Chief's office, 2 private offices for inspectors, 2 inter­
view rooms and a squad room. Personnel consist of a Commissioner
(Precinct Chief), 3 Inspectors and 24 Patrolmen. Detectives for the
precinct are assigned directly from Urban Police Headquarters as needed.
48~

%74 busiWeness aes nld
This personnel has jurisdiction area, includ­
ing the "20KA" market place where the precinct maintains a one-roan po­
lie. post. Violations investigated in the area consist of an average of
one auto theft per night, considerable juvenile activity and petty lar­
caY cases. Criums of violence are rare. The personnel work on 24 hour
shifts with 24 hours off duty and the seventh day off.
b. Station No. 2. This station is located in the hilly
Ambohitgatove district. It is commanded by a personable and alert 25
year old Commissioner who, according to the Team's guide, Commissioner
Philibert Robinson, has been %especiallyselected" and trained in France.
The four crowded offices of the station are located in an older type
colonial building. The area being primarily residential, the precinct
Chief advised that the bulk of their work consists of routine patrol,
investigating petty larceny and adjudicating heighborhood quarrels.
co The four remaining stations were found to be comparable, with
alight variations, to those already described.
Tananarive Urban Police Headquarters with Motorcycle
escort detail and French Technical Assistants (in rear).
- 49 -
L111 IN IF

A. Tamatave
VII. FIELD TRIPS
1. On 25 October 1961 the Public Safety Team, accompanied by the
Director General of the National Police, Pierre Bora, and the Attorney
General, Victor Ramanitra, visited the Tamatave Provincial and Urban
Police Departments.
2. The Provincial Headquarters is located in a large, well main­
tained 2 story, 8 room, masonry building. Commissioner Ravelonanosy con­
ducted a tour' of the divisions of his department which are, on the pro­
vincial level, a replica of the divisions visited in Tananarive.
3. The Identification Bureau is located in an adjoining building.
Approximately 45,000 fingerprint cards are filed there, in metal cab­
inets, according to the same system of classification used in the Central
Bureau of Tananarive. Criminal records are also filed in metal cabinets
in another room. In addition, all fingerprint cards and criminal ree­
ords are cross-indexed to a separate name card file, an improvement over
the Tananarive system.
4. Adjacent to the Identification Bureau there is a well equipped
photographic laboratory.
5. The Tamatave Urban Police Division is housed in one of the first
floor wings of the Municipal Building. This is a huge palatial type
masonry building, handsomely landscaped and well maintained. Office
facilities are good and compare favorably, although on a smaller scale,
with those found in the Hotel de Police in Tananarive. The two precinct
- 50 ­

stations of this urban division are also housed in good 5 or 6 room
masonry buildings.
6. It was noted that French technical assistants were much in evi­
dence during the tour and that they were constantly referred to by the
Malagasy officials for assistance in answering the Teamts questions.
They were courteous, friendly and hospitable.
7. The personnel of the Province number 192 officers and men die­
tributed as follows:
Personnel lrench
Commissioners 6* 5 11
Officers (title) 1 3 4
Inspectors 12 - 12
Enlisted &Auxiliary Personnel 165 165
184 8 192
*It has been observed here, once more, that graduates from advanced
police courses in France are given positions of reaponsibility. The
youthful chief of Precinct No. 2 is hold in high esteem for having been
the number one man in a class which included French nationals.
8. The area over which this personnel has jurisdiction is mostly
covered by tropical jungle. Practically all the population of the
province is concentrated in the City of Tamatave and in a few widely
scattered native villages along the coast. There is an excellent black
top coastal road which runs 125 km. north of Tamatave to Poulpointe and
Fenerive and 100 km. south before turning vest into the interior toward
Tananarive. Other highways are merely short fair-weather trails leading
to the interior from the coastal highway. To patrol this area the
Provincial Police have:
-51 ­

I
the Publc &aftyServey Ta being welcomed at the 'rasnatay. Provincial Headquarters.

- - 'Condition -
Beyond
Units ;Vehicles---- -IGood
Fair Poor 'Rpa Total
Provincial H.Q. Peugeot 203 Sedan 1 - * *
Citroen 2CV arry All 1 . 1
Urban H.Q. Citroen 20V
RenaultCarrk 41
13 .
1
-1 1
Precinct #1 Citroen 2CV 1 2 2
Land Rover 22
Precinct #2 Land Rover - * 1-. 1
Citroen 20V 1 1
Investigative Citroen 2CV 2. 2
Division
TOTALS 2 3 3 4 12
9. The following armament is available to the combined provincial
police forces:
4 Ancient French pistols in poor condition
12 Sten sub-machine guns in good condition
10. Communications:
a. Communications facilities at Tamatave are located in a small
building adjacent to the Provincial Police Headquarters building. The
housing is of ample size, dry (no evidence of excessive humidity) and
with fair housekeeping.
b. Equipment consists of one 200 watt RCA transmitter and an
RCA AR 88 receiver. In addition, a 35 watt composite transmitter is avail­
able for standby use. In a separate building there is an RCA PMH 3/5
generator which is reported to be in operating condition. However, it
looks very old and worn out.
c. The RCA transmitter appears to be in satisfactory operating
condition for CW or telegraph operation although the phone portion of.
this unit is said to be inoperable.
- 53­

d. flne antenna is used for transmitting and another for receiv­
ing. Both antennae stand about twenty-five feet above the ground and are
of the single-wire, off-center.feed type.
e. The operator on duty at the time of the visit appeared com­
potent as he received CW traffic at about 18-20 words per minute. Signals
from Tananarive .were strong and without any inteiferenoe at the time.
They could have been easily copied fron some distance outside of the
operations room.
f. With proper maintenance and availability of replacement tubes
(Americannot French), theROAtransmitter and receiver could be continued
-in operation for several years. Should a new system be installed, this
RCA equipment would make an excellent standby transmitter.
1. U Fort Installations:
a. Tamatave is the principal comercial ocean port for the
Malagasy Republic and of course serves Tananarive to .which it is con­
nected by a tortuout an weather road and a railroad. The Public Safety.
Survey Tiem iwere taken on a tour of these port facilities which appeared
,to be modern and adequate. The Malagasy officials were particularly
anxiois'to have the team members observe the security measures of this
port.' It'was explained that this security problem, while within the pri­
mary-furisdiction of the National Police, had been delegated to the
Gendarmerie due to lack of police personnel.
b. The Gendarmerie have detailed a forty man para-military forcet,
with French Nationals as Officers, to this security assignment. The
entire port and quay area is secured from the City of Tamatave by a high
fence and the sea. There is only one entry and exit to the area and all
- 54 ­
118- UN JoI

visitors and personnel employed by the area are searched upon leaving.
The Gendarmerie are also responsible for Customs and maintain a tight 24
hour guard on the entire area and warehouses. The gendarmes are billeted
within the port area and appear to be well selected, competent, profes­
sional troops.
12. Information obtained during this trip &n the Chinese problem will
be discussed under section X-G, page 73.
B. flinj
1. The MNjunga Provincial and Urban Folice facilities were inspected
on 30 and 31 October 1961.
2. The Provincial Headquarters is located in a large new wmory
building of excellent tropical design which ws erected especially for
the Police In 1955 (See illustration page 58).
3. The Urban Police and Precinct No. 1 Headquarters share an older
colonial-type building. Precinct No. 2 Headquarters is housed in a new
modern building (See illustrations on page 59).
4. All offices visited have adequate space and are well arranged.
Files sections, identification and photographic laboratories are well­
equipped and in good state of maintenanci. Office equipment appears to
be relatively new and in good working order.
5. The personnel of the Province is distributed as followes
Cammissioners .5
Officers (title) -3
French
PSaaa TechnealAian
Inspectors 6 6
Enlisted and awiliary personnel 3.35
146 6 152
-55 ­
ti "NA

6. Transportation facilities of the Province consist of:
nit
Provincia ar t mn t
Provincial Comissioner
Motor Pool
Immigration Section
Investigative Section
motor Pool
-Intelligence Section
Motor Pool
Urban Divisian
Comissioner
let Precinct
Motor Pool
2nd Precinct
Patrol
Marovoay Station
Vehicle
Peugeot 403
Peugeot 203
Sedan
Citroen 207
carryall
Citroen 207
Carryall
Citroen 207
Carryall
Citroen 2C
Sedan
Willya Jeep
Peugeot 203
36dan
Citroen 207
Carryall
Citroen 207
Carryall
Citroem 2CV
Sedan
Renault Station
Wagon
Citroen 207
Carryall
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Ggo
Si6
Condition
Fir Ba Beond Reair
1
1
8 1 2 2
1
1
1
1

7. Armament available:
Weapost
Carbine 8 S/m
Sub-achine gun Sten 9 afA
Automatic Pistols 7.65
Nieoellaneous Pistols and ­
3
20
37
revolvers
Anounition:
18
9 9 o080
7.65 Wa 1,175
6.35 Wa 250
Grenades:
Tear gas 40
8. Camunications.
a. The commications operations room at Itjunga is located on
the top floor -of the Piovicial Headquarters building. This provides an
eaoellent antenna location, about fifty feet above ground. The antenna
is of the usual off-ceter fed, shile wire, half wave type. There is a
separate antenna for receiving.
b. fdpaent consists of a 200 watt ECA tranmitter) receiver,
and a composite stand-by. The enrgency power generators (JAPY 1000 and
ICA 21W) are located in a small building at ground level. Operator then
on duty stated that power regulation was good, power failures rare.
a. In addition, a newly unorated F.L.T. (French Mg.), 150 watt
88B transmitter is available for future use. A sillar unit has just
been received at DiAgo-Suarem. As no tests had yet beent made at the
time, there was no wmy of evaluating their effectiveness. They were
tuned to the channels now in use by the police and it is believed that
they would be compatible with other American makes of 88B equipment.
d. The operator, M. Piquette (a French National), was very co­
operative in discussing working conditions. He sounded unhappy with
- 57 ­

his personal situation because of low pay, scarcity of repair parts to
maintain equipment and difficulty in training locals in technical as­
pets of the job. At the end of his contract in December, he expects to
return to France after 15 years as a technician/operator in Madagascar.
9. Port installations in Majunga are policed by the Gendarmerie for
the sam reasons Invoked in Tamatave.
National Police Provincial Headquarters at Majunga
- 58 ­

National Police Urban Division
and Precinct No. 1 Headquarters at Majunga
Precinct No. 2 Headquarters Majunga
- 59 ­
-J

1. The Tulear Provincial and Urban Police facilities were inspected
on 1 and 2 November 1961.
2. Although quite Adequate, housing facilities here are auch in­
terior to those visited in other provino*. Office equipment anm files
were fount in good order. Over 26,000 fiagorjrAt cards are filed in the
Identification Section in metal cabinets. The photographic laboratory
is retsonably well equipped.
3. The cities of IbMondava and Fort DaMuphin are also within the
Jurisdiction of this department. Personnel distribution is as followes
Commissioners Omants Inspectors o
Malgar _M h lgar Mo aaar 9 oa
Urban 1 39 40
Provinsal 1 1 17 19
Urban 1 2D 21
Port Dawhin
Provincial 1 1 13 15
Urban 2 22 24
5 2 1 2- 7 191 208
4. Transportation available for the Provinces
Provincials
Urban t
Peugeot 203 am.
Peugeot 203 Sedan
Peugeot 403 Con.
willy Jeep
Citroen Station wagon
1
1
S
2
1
Boyon REi
Citroen 20V Carryall 1
1
or dah
Land Rover
Auto Union DEM 1,
Citroen 20C Carryall 1
Fort DautiIn Peugeot 403 Com. 1
Citroen 20V Carryall 1 1
-60 ­
1 3 6 2 12

Police Headquarters at Tulear
Inspecting harbor improvement work in Tulear.
- 61 ­

I
5. Armament available:
Weapons:
Sub-machine gun Sten 9 m/m 18 12
Tulear Morondava Fort Dauphin
Miscellaneous pistols and revolvers 50 9 9
Annunition:
9 A/m 4,752 4,938 4,000
Miscellaneous ammunition for
pistols and revolvers 623 70 150
Grenades:
Tear gas 65 8 20
6. The commications equipment is housed in a large room on the
second floor of the Provincial Headquarters. It consists of two trans­
mitters: a 200 WRCA and a 35 Wcomposite, and 2 receivers: an RCA ­
AR-S and an A.M.E. Energency power is furnished by 2 generators: a
2 km. 5 RCA and a JAP 1000 W. The equipment is old and inefficient.
Voice tranamission is practically impossible and all traffic that does
get through goes by CW. Two secondary stations have been installed in
Morondara (35 W) and Fort Dauphin (50 W).
7. important improvement work is being done in the harbor in order
to accoodaena medium tonnage ships. Port installations here are under
the direct jurisdiction of the National Police. They had no particular
police problems to report.
D. Fort Dauph
1. This visit gave the Team the opportunity to see a sub-provincial.
police station. Despite the hardship imposed by a recent hurricane that
has leveled over twenty per cent of the town, the officers and men of this
post presented a good appearance and morale appeared to be high.
- 62 ­
12

2. The masonry Headquarters ld ing which was heavily damaged is
now being repaired.
3. The only vehicle left in operation is in a sorry state.
4. Although radio communication has. been reestablished with Tulear,
it is erratic due to poor equipment.
-63­

VIII.. CRIME STATISTICS
At first, the Malagasy Police officials were reluctant to give any
information concerning the crime rate in Madagascar. Finally, the
Minister of the Interior authorized the Director 'General to release the
document which is presented here in translated form (page 65). It was
handed to the members of the Team as they were preparing to board the
plane on their return trip.
IX. POLICE AND ARMED FORCES BUDGET
The following figures were extracted from the General Budget of the
Malagasy Republic for Fr - 1961;
.Police Gendarmerie Army
Personnel 1,913 3,960 764
Budget:
Salary & Allowance $2,143,225 $4,187,238
Misc. Personnel Ebpenditures 15,000 687,840
Operating Expenses
(Maintenance, rent, water,
electricity, phone, etc.) 256,020 1,033,A42.
Equipment & Fixtures
(Vehicles, office equipment,
etc.) 32,786 184,426
Miscellaneous 10,082
- 64 ­
MoreI-~h~
$2,447,031 $6,103,028 $2,070,360
-4

PIlhIA'.W
MALAGASY REPUBLIC STATISTICS
MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR
NATIONAL SECURITY HEADQUARTERS -
INVESTIGATIVE POLICE DIVISION
of the cases investigated by
the -NationaLSecurity during
1960
* CRIMES SERIOUS OFFSES
I H 0 'to V,
0
I0, 0
'a
0, £0
0 ho
"S *rl
PROVINCE OF TANANARIVE C', C-,
Investigative Division
2 1 1 85 58 27 42
Investigative Division
let. Sect. 10 1-1 3 262 741 28 1 '9.-
Tananarive Urban Police 25 43 :13 2895 499 309 13033
Special Railroad Detail 3 - - 10 3 - 84 - -
Police Station,
Ambatolampy - - - '26 Ila 6 16 - -
Police Station,
Antsirabe 3 7 1 270 112 84 498 30 9
Province of Tamatave 37 10 2 1635 384 182 2380 - 27
Province of Diego­
- Suarez 35 5 2 1160 '210 132 628 29 4
Province of Majunga 7 1 - 701 172 80 1276 21 6
Province of
Fianarantsoa 20 15 1 61 231 206 2112 26 -
Province of Tulear 6 2 2 565 228 192 1415 - -
TOTAL 148 95 25 8290 1989 1246 21,451 148 46
Tananarive, November 8, 1961
For the Chief Investigative Division
Jean Randresiarison
Assistant Chief
- 65 ­

X. EVALUATION OF THE MALAGASY NATIONAL POLICE
A. Personnel :
1. This National Police organization, with a total force of 1,896
officers and men (1,913 in- the National Budget Book), appears upon close
scrutiny to be well above the average in performance, efficiency and
facilities as compared to similar-forces in the new African Republics
within the French area of influence.
2. Malagasy National .folice is just a new name for the French Silret6
organization which was turned over intact to the new Republic wben it
achieved its independence. As the Survey Team members have observed on
many occasions, in Tananarive as well 4s in the Provinces, the former
French Stret 6 officerb have merely moved to aq adjoining office, leav
ing theirs to the new Malag4sy officials. With the position went also
fringe benefits such as the furnished living quarters on the premises and
thi official car. In the case of higher government officials, the butler
and the mattre dthttel were transferred too. Seventy-eight French offi­
-cers hiav remained thus in the force as "Technical Assistants", The gen­
eral pterntis ihat seniorFtiih"-ffbeers are retained'in-an advisory
capacity whereas junior specialists are still in direct charge of key"
-technical bureaus such as Identification, Crime Laboratory and Communi­
cations.
3. As in most newly independent countries, there are differences of
opinion within the Malagasy Government as to how fast the former French
colonial officials should be replaced. The announced policy of the PSD
-66­

party (Parti Social D4mocrate) of which inister of the Interior Resampa
is titular head, seems to favor' a rapid Malagasyzation' of all Govern­
ment Departments. The Director General of the NationalPolice, Pierre
Bora, a "cotiern, hailing from the same area as the Minister and a
protAgS of his, is naturally inclined to follow the party line. On the
other hand, a more conservative policy is advocated by the Attorney.GPn­
eral, Victor Ramanitra, who confided to the members of the Team that,
although he fully realizes that his position is unpopular, Jbe will re­
lease the French of his Department only when equally competent Malagasy
officials are found. In fact, the Team has observed that practically
all his District Attorneys, Presidents of Tribunals and Judges are still
French nationals.
4. A third position deserves special notice here. It is the one
voiced by the Chief of the French Aid Mission'who told the Team that in
his opinion it is improper and even embarrassing for .a Frenchi Citizen to
hold the office of District Attorney or similar position in.independent
Madagascar, but he finds it difficult to reduce the number of Technical
Assistants on account of certain Malagasy officials who insist on re­
taining the French.
5. At any rate, the transfer seems to be taking place smoothly with
perhaps few exceptions. Former Commissioner of Tuldar Province Christian
Mallet is a case in point. He is a career Stret 4 officer who served as
a liaison officer with the CID in France. He is now working in the same
Tulear Headquarters as Technical Advisor to the new Malagasy Commissioner.
He told the Team that he-had realized a long time ago that Madagascar
would be given its independence, and that he was prepared to bow out
-67 -
dtUBW:§9f

graciously. The new Commissioner on the other hand, realizes that he is
not fully prepared for his job. He solicits the opinion of his prede­
cessor on all administrative and operational matters and makes him feel
that his continued assistance is needed and appreciated. There is one
bone of contention, however, which unfortunately contributes to perpet­
uate a certain jealousy between "Europeans" and. "Natives": M. Mallet.
still receives his former Commissioner t s salary of $640.00 per month
whereas the new Commissioner is paid $160.00 on a ullocajln basis.
B. Training
1. From the Minister down, there seems to be a.great interest in an
accelerated training of the Malagasy personnel. A promising fact is
that advanced training opportunities in France are given to young officers
,who, upon their return, are assigned to positions of responsibility. The
Director General intends tb continue this process until the Tananarive
Police School is equipped to offer such advance training.
2. Previously, both officers and men, were trained "on the job".
It is now plahned to give-a 15 week basic course at the new Police School
to .afl those who did not have the benefit of a formal training, by in­
-e:remnentswof-20' to. 25-.officess-and&60.enisted-men.-- M. Bora--mentioned----­
also his intention of raising recruitment standards. Minimum educational
requirements which correspond at present to approximately the 6th grade
for 6nlisted men and the 8th grade for officers-have not always been..
met, ,particularly by the enlistedmen group. It is hoped that, with
the large numbers of youngsters flocking to french schools since Inde­
pendence, the Police will be in position-to enforce these standards.
-68­

However, the major training deficiency of the force is to be found in the
technical field. Both M. Heiby!, Chief laboratory technician,Tand M.
Doucet, Chief Communications-specialist, find it difficult-to train
Malagasy personnel in their respective fields. They seem to believe that
the Malagasy-people are not gifted-for -technical pursuits.-
C. Transportation
1. It has already been said (Introduction I D (a)) that the topog­
raphy of the island did not favor the development of a good road system.
In fact, again as it is the case in many underdeveloped countries,
Madagascar has jumped from the oxcart to the airplane. This is probably
what prompted Minister Resamapa to request airplanes for the Police. Al­
though this seems at first glance to be a logical request, it becomes
unreasonable under closer scrutiny. In the first place, the present
Police budget (or any probable extension thereto) could not possibly sus­
tain the costs of personnel, operation, maintenance and replacement re­
quired by an effective police patrol squadron. Reducing the Ministerts
request for 10 airplanes to one or two units, for instance, would con­
stitute only a costly and empty gesture for, not only would they be'to­
tally insufficient to patrol such a large area, but also they would not
last very long in the hands of completely inexperienced personnel. in
fact, the Madagascar Airline (Madair) is now using French personnel be­
cause it cannot find enough pilot material among the Thlagasy.
2. The same reasoning applies to the request for eleven patrol boats.
Their cost would be prohibitive,_new personnel'would.have to be recruited
and trained, and the service-they would render in patrolling such a long
- and perilous shoreline would be negligible.
-69­

3. Although it was feltffrom 'th beginning that the -Minister would­
hold firmly to his request for aircraft and boats, the members of the
Survey Team set out to convince the Attorney General and the Director
General, their constant travel companions, that they should concentrate -
on investing both their national budget and foreign aid funds in basic
equipment of immediate necessity to the Police., At Fort Dauphin, the
Team was pleased to hear M. Bora (who had left the group to go to
Morondava for a conference with the Minister) announce 'to. the assembled
police officials that. he has asked the American Team to help the National
Police 'with their most imidiate needs, and that procurement of more spe­
-cialized equipment such ad'airplanes and boats would be considered at a
future date.
4. On the other hand, the automotive equipment of the National Police
leaves much to be desired and is in dire need df replacement. This is
one place where United State's assistance would be appreciated. At this
juncture, however, the problem is not to underwrite a thorough out­
fitting of the force, but rather to provide it with a basic core of de­
pendable transportation, strategically located. First consideration
should be given to the best tactical'unit, the Flying Brigade, which is
supposed t&bWeHig ily-blile but is poorly-equipped. .
D. Communications
.1. The present radio network is marginal in its capability, Much of
the equipment is home made (composite) while the newest' standard imits
'are of 1947 vintage.. Considering the difficulties the Police are ex­
periencing in obtaining suitable maintenance parts, the system.works sur­
prisingly well.
- 70 ­
1

2. Manual sending radiotelegraph is the normal mode of operation,
although some radiophone is used by officia . Presenty used low power
radiophone equipment does not 'satisf~totilyp vide speech -capability,
nor does.it provide any' security factor for offdi. 1'codniersations. Some
traffic is enciphered for security reasons, but'i -geiieral, traffic load
is light, amounting to perhaps '30 messages per day at Tananarivec. .
3. It is estimated that it would cost at least $100,000--to replace
,the existing system with new equipment of adequate power using similar
transmission modes (manual OW and Radiotelephone). A modern network
utilizing Single Side BandI*(SSB) transmission for more secureovoice.and
-long-distance mobile communications could be procured for less than -two­
thirds of the' cost mentioned above.' A relatively new techniqite, the Sin­
gle Side Band transmission provides a more effective speech-capability
than the former Amplitude Modulated (AM) 'method*. In addition, it pro­
vides a good degree of security of traffio' because the average bhort
wave receiver does not receive SSB, 'oi .only with great. difficulty. Such
SSB equipment is compact, simple to operate and requires much less power
for effectiveness. The usual SSB equipment can be quickly and easily
switched from SSB to telegraph.
4. Should it become possible to provide the National Police with a
new SSB network, it would also be advisable to supply them with a small
stock of replacement tubes and repair-parts.for the 5 RGA 200 Watt trans­
mitters now in service. This equipment could serve very well for many
years with reasonable care as stand-by or emergency units in the Pro-,
vincial Capitals.

. .There is also an uigent -nee4-to e4uip the vehicles of the Fly­
ing Brigade with mobile, long-distance--radiotelephone units. Such equip­
ment should be very compact, effective,, simple to operate and compatible
with- the main network,
6. The token Utwo-wayft radio system used by the Tananarive Urban
Police is worse .than useles' as it can only be u'sed on special occa­
sions because of extreme diffou) ty in getting it to work. A dependable
two-way system would be easenial to increase the effisienoy of the
urban,-police who cover a large and unusually difficult--area. A modern
VHF-FM-eystem consisting of two fixed and several mobile stations would
best suit the situation. tA fully transistorized mobile equipment should
normally be preferred because of low battery drain.and less maintenance
over extended periods. However, local technicians have had no experi­
ence in this field and most of the rolling etook has 6 volt battery
source.
E. Police Buildings'
1. The French have made a commendable effort in providing Madagascar
with good, well designed public and school buildings as well as low cost
housing projects.- The Police have had their share of excellent facili­
ties, as demonstrated by the illustrations included in this report,
though not as much as the Gendarmerie who are. exceptionally well quar-­
tered even in the -smallest towns. ­ -
2. It is customary for a post commander to be provided with fur­
nished living quarters for himself and his family on the premises. Some
of these accommodations were foind by the Team to be quite large and
well appointed.
-72
­

F. Police Problems
1 The Malagasy are generally a,very law abiding, gentle, home lov­
ing.people. Crimes of violence-are the exception while larceny is the
most common offense. The stealing of cattle, particularly among the
southern tribes, is still sometimes considered to be an honorable effort
.and has retained-some ritualistic significance., uWhenyouth-achieves
a
manhood he is supposed'to bring.into the village a stolen head of cattle.
Petty larceny, especially of olothing, is also prevalenit..
2. The MalagasyPolice seem to be well integrated .ithln,the comt­
munity.- The Survey Team observed on many occasions police officers ad­
.Judicating neighborhood quarrels. It is customary when people have dif­
ferences to v6luntarily appear at the precinct station and request an
officer to settle the dispute.
3. Various jails and detention rooa in precinct stations were
visited and in all cases were found to be clean and well kept. Prisoners
appear to be very docile and tractable.. It is not.an uncomon experience
to observe one unarmed policeman.escorting a number of unfettered pris­
oners along a street 'or road.
G. Alien Ethnic Minorities (Chinese and Indian)
1. Minister of the Interior, Andre Resampa, has been quoted as say­
ing there were nearly 30,000 Chinese in the Malagasy Republic with most
of them concentrated in the vicinity of Tamatave and the east coast area.
M.-Resampa has iisisted that these Chinese pose an internal security prob­
lem to the National Police and has used this argument in his:request for
material aid to the police. He had originally insisted that with Coast
-73

Guard-type patrol vessels and twin and single engine planes to protect
the-coasts, the National Poltce could guard against Chinese infiltration
and traffic between Madagascar's Chinese residents and the mainland or
.Red Chinese.
.2. The Public Safety Survey Team, while in Tamatave, -spoke with the
French technical advisor to the Commissioner of National Police, a
Monsieur Boauf, who, himself, is a former Provincial Commissioner of
Police for Tamatave Province. included in this conference were two
French police inspectors, one attached to the Tamatave Provincial Head­
quarters and one to Precinct No. 1 of the Urban Police of Tamatave where
most of the Chinese live., The conference took place at M. Boelf's cot­
tage at Foulpointe and no Malagasy officials were present. The French
advised that the population of Tamatave is approximately 55,000, and of
this figure, approximately 5,000 are Chinese apd 2,000 Indians who are,
almost without exception, M4lagasy hationals, substantial trade and
businessmen in the community and are-not suspected of any-disloyal ac­
tivities.
3. With regard to the Chinese population, they advised that most of
the Chinese, though born in Madagascar, retain their Chinese citizen­
ship. The Chinese inter-marry much more frequently with the Malagasy
than the Indians but are not inclined to register their children with
the National Police for Malagasy citizenship. These sources added that
the .bulk of the Chinese were of Nationalist loyalty (Kuomintang). While
on a tour of the city-of Tamatave, the French.Advisors pointed out a
large French-Chinese school maintained by the Nationalist Chinese in
Tamatave for the education of their children. Also included on this
74
- -
UNQLR*

tour was the observation of a much smallde Chinese school where those
Chinese of Red or mainland sympathies are alleged to send their offspring
for education. Technical Advisor Boeuf hastened to explain that these
suspicions could not be proven and that-as far as he was concerned he
had no definite evidence of Communist activity on the part of the Chi­
nese minority group.
4. During the Tea nts various conferences with the Malagasy police
officials, it was readily apparent that those officials were very an­
tagonistic to the Chinese elements of the population and kept them under
surveillance, Inspector Beeuf explained this saying that the Chinese
'were inclined to be small trades people and much more successful than the
Malagasy, hence the jealousy.
5. Inspector Boeuf stated that there are just a few widely scattered
villages in the Tamatave area and that in each ivillage there was probably
a Chinese storekeeper or two., but no concentration of.Chinese nationals
at any other point other than in the city of Tamatave proper.
6. While in Majunga, the French Technical Advisor to the Provincial
Police was questioned concerning the presence of Chinese Nationals in
the area. He stated that the Chinese population in Majunga province was
negligible, there being just a few shopkeepers.
7. At Tular the Team had an opportunity to spend considerable time
with Christian Mallet, former French Commissioner of the Tuldar Provincial
Police, and now Technical Advisor, who is very friendly towards Amer­
icans. (See X-A-5 above.) He also served in Indochina where he married
a Vietnamese girl from Saigon.' The Team spoke to him quite frankly about
the Chinese problem. He stated that he had given this problem considerable
-75­

attention and estimated that there were fn the entire republic some eight
to nine thousand Chinese who settled mostly in the region of Tamatave.
In Tuliar proper there are only three or four persons of Chinese descent
who were practically all born on the island. M. Mallet added that al­
though the great majority of the Chinese are of Nationalist sympathies
it is definitely known to the police that a few Red Chinese sympathizers
in Tamatave have had some contact with the mainland Chinese. How this
contact is established is not known, but it is presumed that it is by
fishing boat.
8. M. Mallet concluded that at the present time this problem is not

- XI CONCLUSIONS
A. The Malagasy Police officers and men appear to be well trained .and
adjusted to career service. -
B. While the National Police have primary internal security and criminal
jurisdiction within Madagascar' and are under the authority of Andre
Resampa, Minister of the Interior and head of the political party in
power, the PSD, his influence is counterbalanced by the Gendarmerie, a
para-militaiy organization which serves as "Palace Guard t " and reports
directly to the President of the Republic.
C. A large number of former French Strete officers are now serving as
Technical Advisors in the National Police. There is some realization on
the part of the Malagasy officials that present high standards of police
operation cannot be maintained without French Technical Assistance.
D. Madagascae being within the primary area of. French influence, United
States assistance to the Malagasy National Police should be directed
towards assisting the French Government in their effort to insure the
political stability of the. island.
E. The principal areas in which American assistance to the Malagasy
Police could be most beneficial, both for impact and technical consider­
ations are:
1. transportation: to be limited to ground vehicles determined by
the team as needed to meet current urgent requirements.
77-
VM:t7
W

UNCtSSIW
2. radio communication.
3. basic police equipment such as sidearms, mob control devices and
laboratory supplies.
F. Participant training assistance should be limited to maint6nance- of
American made police vehicles and communication equipment, if and.when ­
these commodities are made available to the Malagasy Government.
UNCLg

XII. RECOMMENDATIONS
A, Police Vehicles Estimated
Landed Costs
1. Six Willys Cargo-Personnel Carriers
for Flying Brigade to afford required
mobility and permit rapid deployments $23,562
2. Seven Willys CJ-5 Jeeps, one for
Flying Brigade Commanding officer,
-six for reconnaissance:. 17,829
3. Seven Willys CJ-6 Jeeps for Tananarive
H.Q. and six Provincial H.Q.: 19,657
4. Seven Ford Falcon 4-door sedans with
Warning Light an4 Siren, one for ­
* Tananarive Urban Police H.Q., one for
each six precincts:. 15,260 76,30S
B. Radio Equipment
1. Inter/Intra Province Communications
Network (Using SSB, *CW and A 3) toprovide
an Operational Radiotelephone/
Radiotelegraph Network to Provincial
Capitals, major cities, and to Mobile
Flying Brigade units operating throughout
the Island:
1 1000 Watt Primary Station at Tananarive
consisting of 100 watt transmitter and
Linear 1000 watt amplifier, automatic
antenna tuner, extension telephone,
receiver, antenna and necessary
accessories: $ 5,500
18 Secondary Stations, 100 watt P.E.P.
antenna, antenna tuner, etc. at $2100: 39,200
5 Mobile SSB stations at $1,320: 6,600
Spare parts, tubes, etc.: 3,500
20 Emergency power engine-generators at $500± 10,000 -
Shipping, insurance, etc. (rough
estimate): 5,200 10,000.
- ,.146,308
- 79 ­

2. Simplex FM System in the 144 Me to 174. M .Band,
Brought forward $46,308
to provide a Two-Way Radio System for the Tananarive Urban
Police:
1 Base Station, 60 watt desk-top;mounting:.
with microphone: .
1 Triple Skirt, co-axial antenna: 175
1 Transmission Line, low-loss, 1501
length: .250
2 Utility Type Transmitter/Receiver for.
.110 AC volts, 'whip ant 1400
8 Mobile Tranamitter/Receivers; 6/12
volt, nominal 25. watt rating, ,with
necessary accessories, part for trunk
mounting .and remainder for under dash
mounting, at $56o . 4,500.
* 1 Monitoring Receiver: 300
, 2 Hand portable transmitter/receivers,
nominal 8 watt with rechargeable wet .
cell batteries, at $500: , 1s000
1 Test equipment, portable tester',,
* dummy antand wattmeter, etc.: 206­
. .1 Set of spire tubes, parts, et:. for
maintenance: . 1,000 s
Shipping, insitrancerto.-estimatedi' 167 -12,000 ­
-so ­
-800­

Brought forward $158,308
0. Side-arms and Miscellaneous Police Equipment and Supply
100 S&W Combat Model 38 Revolvea-
10,000 Rounds 38 Special 1'8 Gr. Ammo
100 Holsters
7 Transistor Megaphones - 'Loud Hailer with,
2 sets of Batteries each-
7 Portable Spot & flood Lights with 2 sets
of Batteries each
2 Portable Crime Lab sets
1 each ultraviolet & black lights
FP Powder'and camel hair brushes
Salary Travel & Subsistence for.one radio
engineer for 6 months.
*All prices-include freight costs to Madagascar
*All vehicle costs include manufacturerts 2 year
service kit and parts.
- 81 ­
. $01wc IF*
Total
$5,500
700
700
.770
'.420
470
85
294
412,500
0179p747

THE GENDARMERIE
APPENDIX A
1. Due to the intense rivalry between the National Police and the
Gendarmerie, and the attitude-of Minister Resamipa, it was decided to
amend the Teamls Terms of Reference to exclude the Gendarmerie from di­
rect scrutiny or visits (page :15). However, during the course of the
Survey of the National Police, the following observatidns were made-of
the Gendarmerie.
- 2. The Gendarmerie is '. military organization under the immediate
direction of the Presidentts hecutive offices, and is considered to-be
practically an integral. part.of the National Arn. They have no urban
jurisdiction and patrol in rural areas only wheie there are no National
Police. They may function as police in the "bush" areas except that they
are not empowered to conduct criminal investigations, gather political
intelligence or engage in anti-subversion activity. Any political or
criminal violation must immediately be referred to the nearest National
Police pout. They may also perform special duties delegated to them by
the National Police. It was noted, for instance, that neatly uniformed
and well disciplined Gendarmerie troops were deitailed for guard and
security work at port installations in Tamatave and Majunga.
3. During the period of this survey, the Malagasy Army with a
strength of 764 officers and men, as shown in the *F 1961 Budget, was on
-82-
WON N

maneuvers with the French troops-that.are still stationed in Madagascar.*
It was noted that the Gendarmerie served as Military Police.during the
maneuvers, escorting columns and convoys, directing traffic and acting
as messengers.
4. The strength of the Gendarmerie was reported by the Attorney
General and the Director of the National Polie as approximately 3,800
while the FY - 1961 national budget states 3,960 officers and men with
total expenditures of $6,103,028,.almost three times the budget of the
National Police.
5. 'The organization wds nationalized on 1 January 1961, but is still
-commanded by French officers.
6. The Gendarmerie camp in Tananarive is located in the outskirts
of the city, on the Majunga road. The General Headquartersbuilding is
a large modern structure of masonry consiructio. In the same compound
are large warehouses, quartetmaster depots, barracks for single men and
very spacious and modern family quarters for officers, non-commissioned
officers and enlisted'men. Similar modern, well kept camps were ob­
served in Tamatave, Majunga, Tulear and Fort Dauphin.
7. The automobiles, trucks and'motorcycles of the Gendarmerie appear
.to be well maintained and fairly new. Their transportation is propor­
tionately much better than that of the National Police.
8. The Team was told by Police officials that the Gendarmerie have
an excellent and extensive radio communications network. They stated
that due to jealousies between the two services these facilities were,
*French Army strength in Madagascar was definitely fixed by United States
Embassy Officers as in the vicinity of 11,000 officers and men in 1960.
These same sources now feel that this strength has been reduced to the
neighborhood of 6,000.
- 83 ­

not available to the National Police, except by specific clearance on a
ministerial level.
:I84 -
J,IGLAS i

tS &
-APPENDIX B
LIST OF MALAGASY AND FRENCH OFFICIALS
* 1. Throughout the survey period the Public afety Team enjoyed the
most cordial welcome and effective cooperation fom the Malagasy and
French officials with whom it came in contact. A list of these officials
is attached thereto for future reference.
2. Since both the Attorney General and the Director-General of the
National Police expressed on several occasions their earnes.t desire to
'visit the United States, theirtbiographical sketches are also supplied
herewith.
TANANARIVE"
Minister of the Interior Andre Resampa
Attorney General* Victor Ramanitra
Director General National Police* Pierre Bora
Assistant Director Philibert Robinson
Chief, Special Anti-Subversive Detail Rakotonandrianiana
Chief, Identification Section E. Heiby (French) \
Chief, Radio Technician Maurice Doucet (French)
Chief, Urban Police Victor Randriamihasa
TAMATAVE
Secretary of State Delegate Ramilamanana
Provincial Commissioner Claude Ravelonanosy
Chief, Urban Police Pierre Ramahatra,
Chief, Intelligence Section Gabriel Rakotoarivony
Chief, Investigative Section
*Je'rome Rabearivony
Chief, Precinct No. 1 Philippe Razanajovy
Chief, Precinct No. 2 Regis Rajerison
Chief, Precinct No. 3 Louis de Gonzague Rakotoarivony
French Technical Advisors - Ren4 Boeuf
Martial Laurens
Antoine Lebon
Lemblin
*See attached Biographical Sketch
-" 85­

MAJUNGA
Secretary of State Delegate
Mayor (also Deputy)
ORI~sA~
Jean-Jacques Natai
0 4 lestin Rakotoarivonomenjanahary
Provincial Commissioner Mady Ramaharazoky
Ghief, Urban Police Jean de Dieu Rakotoniaina
Chief, Intelligence Section Adrien Razafy t
Chief, Investigative Section Albert Devaux
Chief, Immigration Section Joseph Clement
Assistant Chief; Urban Police Armand Girardin
Chief, Precinct No. 1 Felix Ramahandrisoa
Chief, Precinct No. 2 SylvestrefRazaka.
TULEAR
Secretary of State Delegate Albert Leda-
Provincial Commissioner Johnson Andreas
Chief, Urban Police Alexis Baraka
Chief, Intelligence Section .­ !ile Zafimihary
Chief, Investigative Section Mosin (French)
Chief,-Immigration Section Louis Brocheriou (French)
,FORT - DAUPHIN
Prefect Desire Etono
Chief, Urban'Police Lazare Venetitay
Chief, Intelligence and
Investigative Sections Benoa Ramanankavana
86 ­
I'
~1

Biographical data on Victor Ramanitra -
1. Victor Ramanitra, former Director General.of the-National Police
and at present Procureur Gen ta1(Attorpey General) since .-l- October
1961, was born in 1923 in Tananarive.
2. He is married, with seven children. Hamanitra-and his wife are
both of noble Merina ancestry and live in a palatial residence now a
Justice Department building, but formerly the home -qf a noble and rela­
tive of Ramanitra's spouse.
3. He is very suave,. poised, with excellent manners which reflect'
education and money not of recent date.
4. He was educated entirely in Madagascar but visited France sev­
eral times on pleasure trips. He is reputed to be -an outstanding law­
yer and teaches law at the Tananarive Law School. He speaks excellent
French and very limited English. He is a good conversationalist, with
a good sense of humor.
5. He is a quiet and expensive dresser, drives a personal car, an
ID-Citroen of late model. He receives 15,000 CFA per month subsidy for
the car regardless of how much he uses it for official business.
6. He is well aware of the lack of education and administrative ex­
perienc6 of many Malagasy Government officials, and cautions against
haste in replacement of French nationals in the Judicial and Police or­
ganizations by Malagasy. ,
- 7. He appears to be pro-American and has stated several times that
he would like to visit the United States and Attorney General Kennedy
for whom he has great admiration.
--87--
Sam­

8. Physical description:
Height 517 1/2"
*Weight 130 lbs.
Build, -Stocky
Hair, 'Black with -neat' marceled wavet
Eyes, Brown
Skin, Light to medium brown,
Face, -Clean-shaven, btoad, unwrinkled
Manner,- Alert and .intbl-igent
Distinguishing features: Has the habit of holding
head down and looking' up at one. Dtixika very moderately.
9. Ramanitra'e wife is tal1, light in color, very attractive and
poised. She is a gracious hostess always well turned 6ut' in the last
Paris fashions. She speaks excellent French, smokes and drinks socially.
-88-
UIU
6

Biographical data :on, Pierre Bora -­
1. Pierre--Boras-was-born-ih Morondava in- :921V^where he served as
Prefect. He became Director General of the National Police only on
1 October 1961.
2. He attended a French Colonial Administrative School in Paris for
two years but has no Police.training, a fact which he acknowledged sev­
eral times in the speeches he made during the survey field trips.
3. He is active in politics as a PSD party member and is reputed
as being an old friend and ally of Andrg Resampa, Minister of the In­
terior.
4. He definitely does not have the depth or intelligence of Victor
Ramanitra, but is very friendly and genial with much fun and good humor
is his make-up. He speaks French with a distinct Malagasy accent and
is studying English (at the time of the survey he was on Lesson 13).
5. He is married with 9 children (4 boys and 5 girls) and live in
comfortable and well furnished quarters in the National Police Head­
quarters.
States.
6. He appears to be pro-American and wishes to visit the United
7. Physical description:
Height, 517"
Weight, 140 lbs.
Figure, Well built
.Hair, Black short and very receding
Eyes, Brown
Skin, Black
Face, Clean-shaven with heavy beard
Head, Large and elongated in profile
Teeth, Two gold teeth in front
Dresses neatly but not with ease or grace. Does not smoke.
Drinks with moderation.
- 89 ­

8. Mrs. Bora is shy and interested only in her family.- -She-dresses
expensively with more than avertgecdisplay of jewelry.
UNWIFgt
- 90 -
V.