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T'
For M A Y , 1768,
Same Ghfervatiam on tbt Country and Mines of SPAIN and GS*V ANY, with
an Accunt of tbt formation of tbt EnUry Stont • from WILLI AM BOWLES,
Efqi Dir eft or-general of the Mines in SPAIN. Erom thir PbHofapbical
Trartfatfitns, Vol. LF1. juft publijhed.
AT the extremity of Old Castile, in earthquake at Liibon, and forhe years
Spain, is.situated a territory cal- none at alt. I am persuaded, it ching 1 T the extremity of Old Castile, in
Spain, is. situated a territory cal- none at all.
-
led. Montana, which is divided into two ed the climates of many parts' OfSpairf;
paits; the Low Montana is that chain for no man living Saw, nor^eaird his
of mountains, which bounds the Can- father fay he saw, Snow fall in or about
tabrian Sea. The city Santander is its the city of Sevil, until the year "1^56.
chief port, from whence yon aScend I found many plants in "theSe moun-
southerly, twelve long leagues, a Suctains, which I reirieinber W Kaye
cession of high Craggy mountains to the
town of ReynoSa in the Upper Mountana,which
extent stretches three leagues
more, and then you continually defcend
abo>r fourteen leagues to the city of
Burgos, the capital of Old Castile.
Reynosa is in the center of an open
plain surrounded by a ridge of high
mountains, at whose feet are low.hiils
of pasture land. ,3; >••
To the west of Reynofa, in. an hour's
ui^lk^ila/(j||e source of tbegreat river
Ebro, which receives all the waters on
that fide, and conveys them into the
Mediterranean, seven leagues below the
city Tortofa. . : . •
All the Spring, rain and Snow wafers,
of the mountains to the North of ReynoSa,
run into the Bay of BiScay.
The waters, from the south chain of
the mountains, are collected in the .river
Pil'verga, which runs into the riveSr
Duero, and from thence are carried to
the Auntie ocean at Oporto-
Hence we fee that the adjacent parts
of Reynofa divide the waters of the
three Seal, which lye npith, eaft and
f&ftt vlmt h - ' »
Eight leagues square of this Upper
Montana, is the highest land;in Spain;
the mountains riSe to the atmosphere to
the line of. congelation; I See soow from
|»y window this 4th of August, as writing
this letter. Some year* ago there
used to Sal) So much Snow, that the people
were forced to dig lanes through it,
to go tp church, in. the Winter ; butthere
has fallen little (how since the
VOL. XXXV,
1 ftten
in Switzerland ; they abOund Withdak,
beech, birch, holly and hazel. '''
The hills and plains are fine pastiire,
I never Saw a meadow in ariyoihetp&t
of &pain, neither did I fei- horfes and
cows Seed on hay any where tfR"
TheSe mountains are formedOf*fartdstone,
lime-stone, plaster ftone (or gypsum)
and emery-stone. '' ' loiv » ?Pw
The sand-stone if fit ^ ! fiiih&tt of
the mountains, and Some hills, and the
lime-stone forms thebody} but the contrary
is Seen in others, the'fa&di-ftotte
abounds, and the pliftef ii alWays
lojveft. .noifoWnSi ion
As for example, the high mountain of
Arandilla, which is a sinall league off
the town, is all fand-ftone at the fummit;
its bndy is a mafs of ash-Colouted
lime-stone, in which is fo*nd ft^if^^
ed petrified cornu ammonis, an|f fobllop
shells; and there are bed* «P>plefteA
stone at its foot, towards the' •
thefe join to a stratum oif black fnarble
veined whfce and yellow, Which i^no
more than a purer kind ofliine4l0ne, as
all other marbles are. ***** .::itk i>
On the hill-to the eaft of Re^sofi*, and {
in the plain, are found great Mocks Of
emerv-ftoqe, of whicJi I- will' fty : a
word, because I think its natu^ ^if not
truly known*; at least that of Spanish
einery, which the lookirig-glafs grirftfens
ofthe King's fabric at Sr. fldesetiso^say
is the rpoft hiring emery, they evfcr yfed
; and I nevef saw any other in ftfc
native matrix.
That iron has llfreh, and is now-; • in a
C c c N ftyd

38 6 THE MAC AZIIIK F MAGAZINES,
fluid state, percolating through the ewth, red and grey fand-ftone, lime-stone,
and that it, Subsides, chryftalifei, oris while and grey granite. TheSe rocks
predpitated to form different bodies, is contain either fait, or falt-pette; the
demonstrated by the black and red houses built of this stone are covered
blood-stone, by Some beautiful stalac- with the saline effloreScencee, which
rites, which are almost pure iron, by are drawn out by the fun after rain,
the^ eagle-stone, by figured pyrites, by The whole territory of Molina is fall of
native vitriol, and by native crocus. Silt springs ; but mere is a copious fait
Wheq thfl fluid iron penetrates a rock Spring, rising out of a land yet higher
of fand-ftooc, and only stains the for- than the source of Tagus, and not far
face of each grain, of a btoWoish, red- froth it, which is one of the highest
dish, of yellow colour, it becomes only territories in ill the inland parts of
Sandaod opcus; but when it i» joined Spain, for it divides the waters of the
with, the crystalline matter in a fluid ocean and Mediterranean. This Spring
flate,;in the very act of chryftallifarion furnishes fait to the jurisdiction and
of each grain of Sand it incorporates Bishoprick of Albarraz^n. There is
wjthtt, weight and hatdoefs is in- besides another salt Spring in another
qreaSed, and then it becomes emery - elevated ground, which Supplies the
The, earth of the mountain? and hills eighty-two- towns and villages of Mollis
of the same nature as that of the na-Aragtot With fall: besides which,
rock below. If it is Utne-ffofle, the foil there ir a fait spring, issuing out oS a
cast irUo aoy acid liquor wijl boil up Spot in theMontana, which Is higher
with a violent effervescence, and the than the fountain of the Ebro, and aacid
will dissolve it. •• bout a quarter of a mile distarit ftotn it.
If the jjpek- below be sand-stone, or Secondly, that the metallic Vapours
plaster-stone, or emery, the earth of destroy vegetation; the follow! ngitt-
that hijl.fr mountain wifl remain quiet stances evince the contrary. •'
in tb/e aqd, and there is no. effervescence There are many iron, copper; lead,
nor dissolution. " - and pure pyritpus ores, in these moun-
J l^ave often obServed, tha% when tains; and yet the same plants, and the
the rocjcshplow are mixed, calcary and fame fweet graSs grow there as in other
noajqalOfry, the foil of the surface is al- parts, of whrcli I will give a more par-
So of a mijtt nature; and Lalways found ticularaccount,
the action of the acid tohe-weakot About two hours walk northwest of
strong fjjon theSe earths in proportion Molina, there is a little hill called Plato
the sort oS stone with which they tHlaj it extends about halt a league
abound.,; H I over, Srom valley to valley; its body
Thirty-one leagues South eafi of Ma- is a Solid, rocky, white granite,' through
drid; and five leagues sou in of the Source whiqh run, in different directions, ! and
of th«frilvfT[*jT < 'g l l8> is situated the town without any order, an infinite number
of Molina Aragon, capital of a Lord- of. blue, green, and yellow veins of rich
jflup o£,the CiPWQ, almost, in the center copper ore, which holds a little silver
oS Spain; the high hills of this little minerklbsOd by a great quantity of arSe-
^eruflry a.rei covered with pine trees ; nic andSulphur: the very Surface of
fcere I learn cd lbm e t r u t lie, which prove, the rockis in many pi aces' stained blue,
that the following opinion* ought to be and green, and the veins of dre are not
ttufofd: amongst vulvar errfirb./ above a foot deep. In« the fissures, and
, Fisft. that salt-Springs afe net found in the Solid rock, is contained lead ore,
in t^e high primitive mountains; but in which is Sometimes Sound even on the
hillMnd Plains only. ' Surface; and yet the following plants
The elevated town of Molina, and grow out of the foil, which covers these
the rocliy country about it,is formnd of arsenical sulpheroys veins, and is.not
• . . • - more
0

Far M A Y, 1768 387
more than a foot deep; true oak, flax, sect of mineral vapours; but the air;
white thorn, juniper, cyftvs* wild tofe, moisture, heat, and cold, have mord
uva ursi, phlomis, verbafcuip, ftoechas, power over the Surfaces offotne rocks,
Sage, thyme, Serpillum, rose-mary, and than of others to moulder the stone into
many others, which it would take up earth. Such is the high mountain of
too much time to mention. The earth Ramelfherg, above Goflar; whofe inhaof
the fame hill is covered with thefame bitants have lived by the mines found
Sweet Small graSs, as the reft of the therein. I crept up thissteep rock to
country. \ its Sucnmk; I Sound it split.and crack-
I have alfo made the same obferva- ed into millions of fissures, from one foot
dons, out of Spain, at the three great- to an inch wide, in other places; it
est mines in Europe, viz. St. Mary of was shivered into fmall rotten stones,
the mines in Aliatia; Clausthall, in the which became a receptacle for a few
Hartz-mountains of Hanover; and Fray- plants, grafs, mosa, &c. and, as this
berg, in Saxony. decayed stone moulders into earth,: it
The mines of St. Mary are at the will be more abundant in vegetable prohead
of a valley. Its hills are fomeof (suctions; this may, perhaps, have been
them coverod with oak, pines, and o- the original state.of thole mountains,
thers with apple, pear, plum and cherry, which are now covered with verdure,
and others; with fine grafs downs. The i ; . j ; i
tops of otheisare fields of wheat, which, SADAK AWDKALASRADE. An Eastern
in the year 17 59, as I found by my notes, Tale. [Continued from p. 236.] •
gave a produce of eight for one. All ;
these vegetables grow in a foil, a foot A T the sight of Sadak the virgin
or two deep, winch covets a rock, full j \ arose, and welcomed his arrival,
of the Hioft arsenical, sulphureous, fil- " Noble strange*, said she, it is now
ver, copper, lead, and cobalt Ores,; in two hundred hegiras since any one has
Europe, and most of the veins are near heen able to reach this fcene of horrors;
the surface. » . b u t to you it is given to taste the waters
: The mines of Fray berg are in low of oblivion, and to enjoy the bleffings
hills near the dty. I faw them all co- of our immortal race." v . vx, .3.
vered with barley in July. A stranger As the virgin uttered these words with
would not imagine that men werereap- a pleasing aspect; the dreWof the founing
corn over hundreds of miners heads, tab in a goblet of gold, end presented
who were blowing up veins of ore, aise- the dark waters t^vadak, who thds
nick, and brimstone. ,v» addressed the blooming virgin, ri uo,-U
The mines (rf Claufthalare in aplain, " Fair keeper of these inchantinlg
which in truth isthefmnmitof a moun- fountains, excuSe-my refusal; it is not
tain; the Dorothy and Caroline veins 1 for mySelf that I seek the.fountain of
of ftWer, lead, and copper ore, stretch ^oblivion; heund by 3sataloath,Icoiqe
away eight miles to the Wild-man a miserable exile from the Othman
mountain; the finest meadows &fweet- throne, to Seek a death more cruel by
est grafs are upon theSe veins, and all succeeding, than others have found,
then- branches near the city : they feed who tailed of SucceSs."
nine hundred cows, and two hundred " Thendrinkofthisrefreihingftr^artJ,
horfes :i they are mowed in' June; aad . anSwered the virgin; and forget tKe cura
second crop springs rip, which is mow- fos which Amurath hath heaped upon
ed in August: a multitude of plants thy head; here drown thy former anxgrow.
in thefe high meadows, over the iocs thoughts, and rife refreshed til the
mines. . . /..(] ^lethargic i?ream, to untried Scenes Of
It is true, 1 faw mines in the barren pleasure and simuSement ; while not a
naked mountains and hills: butiriscer- thought of what thou once hdfLfctt,
t»ln that their barrennefc is not the ef- C c c 2 shall

3 $8 The MAGAZINE
shall e'er again molest thy troubled
brain."
u Such pleasures, anfwered Sadak
sternly, may captivate the wretch,
whose conScience wishes all the past
one universal blot, but Sadak has not
lived to wish the thread of life unravelled
and destroyed. No, virgin, though
great ate the ills I seel, yet this in every
ill, supports mv mind, 1 have not
Sought, nor yet defer ved, the evils that
1 Softer. -
I thank my prophet Sor his mercies
past, and value the great Alla's Sormer
gifts too largely, to defire oblivion may
prevent my future thanks; whatever
afflictions are enduted, were meant as
blessings, , to encreafe my faith;: these
surely to forget, were base ingratitude.
Wbate'er are the blessings that Sadak
•has received, these yet reflect new comforts
on.'my foul, and thefe to lose,
were little to deserve the future mercies
of my Gnd. No, virgin, one moment's
recollection of Kalafrade's truth, is more
delightful far to me, than years of pleaiure
with a Second flame. Though
dead, shall I forget thee Cndan! whofe
pious cares so lately honoured gond Mepiki's
grave. Though loft to me, yet
never from my mind shall Ahud's righteous
image pafs."
*K Noble Sadak, anfwered the virgin,
thou alone art Wophy to succeed, who
hast learned rightly to valu; the gift
thou halt obtained: take then this gob-
;4ef, nnd carry to thy Prince thefe waters,
of oblivion ; and fear not the toils
of returning, for as Soon as thou art in
cposseffion of the goblet, thou shalt stand
rat the gates oS the Seraglio of Amurath.''
- Thus Speaking, the virgin gave into

For M A Y, 1768. 389
over thee; for in all the curfes that would doub tleSs place on the Othman
afflict poor Sadak's heart, none can throne.
overwhelm his confcience with Such " Lord oS our lives, Said the minions
shame as thine" • • • \. j •/. of the Seraglio, Alia heth justly punish-
" Slave, replied Amurath,thyfpeech ed the wretched Amurath, for his brokis
free, I love to hear thy pious resig- ert voWs, and thy flaves Wait thy cornnation
; but death o'ertakes thee, if a- mands, to cast his wretched carcase
gain thy words reflect dishonour on thy forth a prey to the fowls of the air."
Prince; for think not, wretch, so mean- "Wretches, said Sadak; sternly to
|y of me, that I approve of broken them, I seek not the power you are (b
vows; none are So. hardened, but must ready to bestow; let the Saithsul Doutremble,
tho' they can't relent: ! yes, her be called, that the (objects of the
(lave, the joys I felt with 1 my fond till- Othman throne may be acquainted with
ftreSs, leave an irkSome fling behind their loSs."
them, and while I triumph o'er thee, " Heir to the Othman glory, anlwer-
I curSe mySelf; but these dull thoughts ed the flaves, Doubor, by Amurath's
shall be driven from my axious breast, command, is gone to Iznimid on the af-
The waters of oblivion Predesigned for fairs of state." *
mine, and for Kalafrade's peace; where- " Then, faid Sadak, carry forth the
fore, bring me flaves the refreshing gob- bndy of our departed sultan, and shew
let, tor my gloomy foul pants for obli- his pale limbs to the brave soldiers of
vion, and I long to fin, and think it vir- the court, to whom (since no successor
tue. Slaves, give me the goblet: now by inheritance or will is left) the choice
welcome peace, and confcience, thou oS new a Monarch falls. As to myself,
' base intruder, a long farewel to all thy tell them, I Seek no honour, curst in all
wretched admonitions; but flaves, re- I hold most dear. To me honour
member ere 1 drink this, Sadak dies." were a grievous burthen. , Kalafrade,
As Amurath spake thus, he received the virtuous Jtalafrade, is defiled, and
the golden goblet from the hands of the Sadak • shall retire for 1 ever from the
slaves, who had refcued it ftom Sadak, world !"
and looking with a ferocious fmile on The report of Sadak's arrival, and the
the wretched hushand of Kalafrade, death of Amurath, was now fprend thro*
" See Sadak, faid he, how greatly every part of the Seraglio; and while
Amurath doth honour to bis flave: I part of the officers hailed to acknowdrink
this hew! to he like thee, and fair ledge Sadak for their Sultan, others
Kalafrade having tasted its Sweet con- Sound out the melancholy KalaSrade,
tents, shall look on Amurath and think and declared every circumstance of the
him Sadak." joyful news to the mourning fair one.
The greedy Monarch then raised the " Is he returned, faid the transportgoblet
to his lips, and drank of the dark ed KalaSrade; is Sadak/ my Lord, unliquor
it contained,which quickly Spread numbered with the dead, then are my
its fatal influence thro, his veins, and past sorrows like the vision of the nighL
the disappointed Amurath too late per-

Tbe M^GAZfMiof M-AC^ZIKES,
^ . . 1 his fandala with her overflowing
Mil.
Sadajtfaw her approach whb
ed WKfpaoce ofsote and terror, and
his fhel tfvided by affection and reliyitknew
not hew to Supply his
Wngoe wkh a proper «tterance , but
perceiving her at hps feet, the tender
Wi«Ched hufband stooped to the earth,
and hoped binifelf before her. T
" Whet! noble partner of my
though:, said Knlalrade, in amaze ! art
Jbom comb with joy Oh ! foo»flt
wretch, continued the, Why came I so
frnAMj into the presence of my tele ved!
lijrfoved, ury honoured Sindak,
behold ibjr tender, wife, and Mesa, me
with one look of lore. Alas! guards,
fcid Ac, turning to! the eunuchs,lis she
•oocstted Sndak still immoveable, With
lis face to the earth; surely the. death
«f Anotath hath not Seised on Sadak ;
my lidoved hath not drank of the per-
«doos goblet r
:\;. m Ob? that I had drank theTQof,
fiii Sndak, groaning, when I. stond berime
the •fegia of the fountain of obli-
Hmr • /
Sfcakeft thou, my belated, said
the affrighted KalaSrade, fpeaheftthow
wtj thcJofrcd ft and hot to me Oh ! oh r
smI I! changed ray heloved 1 or—art thou
Ott Sxdahl" Vy. 1 ;:>~x' (
- The tender Kalafrnde shrieked at
dNJewonb* and sell into the arms of
ld>tdliendar»f3.f;o-*'! .: L 'J'1
4* the ftriek of KalaSrade, Sadak
mft m wild haste, and clasped her in
fcbalm* , . • zl
" Partner qfmy foul, Said he wildly,
look on thy mjlch inj&ed Lord; look
op, Kshirade, it is Sadak calls thee.".
" Dost thou call, said Kalafrade,
L -=—deft thou, O Sadak, on Whom
! hengeth, call thy Kalafrade
; to lifofr Ob Alia, spate me yet,
for I am Sadak's !"
" Oh that thOu waft. Said Sadak, refapfingat
the dreadful thought. Oh
dot thou waft thy Sadak's only, that I
cooM againpref* thee to my heart, and
cafl thee odly mine P . :. - i
ffl 1 am, my Sadak, I am only thine,
replied die fifot, Kalafode, thine only
oOnfo I he, &ot. Ao^ndt, and s0 his
lawteSs power, could ever tempt a
tk< ^r«ncbnd^afindci1 Said Sadak
sternly, Alk knows my heart bleeds at
thy distrefii, yet seek not meanly to diSguiSe
thed^lktins of tyranny and luft;
thou, canst not Surely he So baSe» to wi%
thy Sadak in pefluced arms."
P Oh Alla,: replied KalaSrade, what
means spy Lord 1 By att our righteous
Constancy and truth, I Swear thou i>eyer
haft been injured in KalaSiade's
love." .. , , . , . ..
Vain woman, replied Sadak hastily,
strive not to deceive me; the lawless
tyrant boasted qS his crime, and
curSed my ears with jthe diScrrprion of
his injurious luft," .
At these words KalaSrade looked in
wild amaze at her offended Lord, and
her eyes, twilling to exprefs resentment,
melted in;o tenderness and love.,
The constant Sadak law the sufferings
of hu heloted, and his coqseience
checked him seK inereafiog the diftreffes
ofb1«il!$iwd Jrtiftu, , .
" Forgive, Said he, running tor. her,
forgive O virtuous Kalafrnde, the cruelties
of thy Sadak; thou earnest Seeking
eaSe and cdnSolation Srom,,thDt Lord,
and I have doubled the curses, of Amurath
upon thy much Suffering heart."
" Ooe wOrd, though but one echo,
ofihy Sadak's love, anSwered the afflicted
fair, blots all refentment from Kalafisde's
he4rt"
The fak Kalafrade bowed at her
Lord's command,;and left Sadak with
his surrounding Nobles. . .
Sadak having given audience to the
officers of the army, the ViGers an^.the
Bashaws of the Othman co.urt, declined
their proffered honours ; but the voice
of the multitude prevailed, and he was
constrained to bear the weight of empire
on his brow.
. The fonts of the faithful rent the air
with notes ,a»f triumph, when Spdak
yielded to hi« people's Supplication.
In
Wry MA? A s T? *
In the audft oftheir clamour a mef- edtheu never haft Submitted to hefc
Senger arrived in the Seraglio, and de- Atnuratirs lave,*? '->• "1
clared the approach of i>subor from M Submitted, wretch, laid
Iznimid. nimta. ,uv ^ - «db wirhan haughty frown, db* —-
A gleam of comfort shot through Sa- then call the rayaKjreseaceof thefove^
dak's foul- as he heard the name of bringing Amurath an evd? On my
Doubor pronounced, and he font his soul, to me no joy was ever equal to
Viziers to welcome his arrival, andj
bring him into the preSence of his friend,
The faithful Douher Soon - arrived,'
and having learnt from bis Sriertdthe
wondrous change, SeH prostrate at the
SeetofSndak. ' ' ' 1 '
" Doubor, Said Sadak sternly, thou
art not the only afBictied soul that. Amurath
hath left behind him; deep ate his
curSes stricken on Kalafrade's heart,
and woes unutterable are Sadak's portion."
** Sorely, my Lord, returned Douher,
the chleSof the eunuchs, the migbly.
Amurath did not presume to break 1 his
oath."
" Yes, he broke it, slave, nay more,
and triumphed in his fin, said Sadak,
fiercely ; thou* I fear, hast; borne *
part in all his yengoful malice." r. > • •
" My Lord, anfwered Doubor, permit
me to farad thee to fair Kafafrad^s
apartment; I yet must hope some mystery
unravelled hurtsyour peace."
The chief of the euuucns preci
the trembling Sadak, led him to th
apartments of the seraglio, where he
bad been formerly Seized by the guards
of Amurath ; |andcommanding the doori
to he fbang open, Sadak difcovered Ka^
laSrade Sitting on the sofa, with her forrounding
attendants.
At the fight of Sadak, the beauteous
Sultana arofe, withwilddiftractedlookl,
and turning to her fiaves: o•> ' r his fierce embrace, wheh with rd^t->
ant struggles I increaSed his love ; bat
thou, rude slave, forbear, nor wfcfc
unhallowed touch defile that fon%
Which ere. has Served to bleSs thy royal
master's hearty^
''
" Who il this, said she, who bafaly
apes the majefty of Othmao's Prince.
Whoe'er thouaft; bold (lave, continued
she, depart, or by my beauties, the
ghdlike Amurath shad facrificerhee to
6ur mutual loves."
O prophet of the juft* Said Sadak,
hafting to her, what means this wonderoos
change ? 'Tis Sadak, my heloved
: Sadak who coine> to be conrinc-
L ' ^ t-'-wrU
"Just, righteous Ond, find Sadak
falling back, WhataMithefe Sounds thet
raek my jealous sam f Have 1 then hew
edto head Kalafrade prize a tjii—j
and despite her IJwdP^-No, it caafc*
be. I see wild passion roUs her
and mndnefe has poffdffed her Ws«ai |
heme down by Sooner evils, and de*
pressed by anxious-cares; the uueaipeflh
ed change seized too quickly as he
soul, and the transported fair one ten
to meet me, ere.; that her mind was
calmed by reason! or religion. In fsc^.
a state thou earnest, sareet Kalafrade^
to. thy Sadak's .'arms;:. and wfida thy
fluttering heart, with hasty puise - demanded
comfort, Igate thee heSe fa£>
picion, and with rude hand repelled thy
tender love ; a3 not contented with tlry
Sufferings past, I'in mf first royal id
played the tyrant oi my wise, and corded
thee more than Amurath had dtae.
But, righteous prophet, thou baft-wdl
repaid my bafe ingratitude! Blind as
the dark m4le»< I dare accuse thy won*derous
fight; and in the. puny
•* • • • which inyignorant wfll fti held l. aj _ out; prethe
mercies OF«t
• r C a ii.".fi:nuT.-A
The pious words of Sadak were attended
with Unusual omens from the
left the vividi lightning-flashed, the' palace
shook, and a thick cloud filled the
apartment where Sndak stond, out of
the midst of which came forward' the
ftately Adiram, and thus nddreffed the
confort of Kalafrade.
" Noble Sadak, the trials ofyoar
fortitnde are now finhhed; and Adiram

392 Tbe M A © A z Y N E of M A ythrjjnWfl-,70 2. •
The gond old man, overcome by the
affecting scene, in. silent liffnd up hi*
watry eyes to heaven, then fell at Sadat's
feet, and would have kissed his
sandals; but the grateful Sadak raifed
him up, and Seated him Wefide his amiable
KalaSrade. , j
Serenity and mildnefs Succeeded in
the affectionate interview, where all
were happy in each Other, and where
all acknowledged the source of their
happinefs in the bounties of Alia.
Some Account of MARY SWINBORNE,
a CbaraStr of the, greattft Beayy,
and tbe great eft Guilt.
IT is well remarked f
moralists, that
beauty.
all the advantage* Qf ... ,,
and understanding, are in themselves
things of an indilereht nature, and derive
all their merit from their application.
Of how little value i$.,t>eaiuy in
the possession of a jirpftitufc ?. Ifow
dangerous is outrage in the breast of an
highwayman ? How uselefs is health to
a debauchee, and underftawHog to a
villain ? Fewer instances have been
found in private life, though.nOt So commonly
known, than that of Molly Swinherne,
of which we find the following
account in ell old trial in tbe year twenty-Seven
; and which having not ninde
the impression that So extraordinary a
character deserved, We must beg leave
to offer it to bur readers.
Mary Swinhernc, as we leam by her
own confession, was born' of honest,
though poor parentage, ip Lancashire
wMcH she early hnd vanity enough to
defpiSe. , Her natural love of pleasure
added so ber extreme beauty, and consequently
theflatteiy, which even when
a child she continually received, taught
her to form more ambitious views than
D 44 these

The M A 0 A Z 1 H E of M A G A Z I N E S,
thoTe which W dosage and rural retirement
could Supply.
' Btit toproceednr her own words:
I cannot pretend that any deep laid
Schemes were ever found to trepan me,
my own forwardness met every advance
half way; and I was ready to accept
the first offer of any person who should
propose bringing me to London, and
supplying me in the journey. In this
reiOTotipn I spent Some years before an
opportunity offered; every coach that
passed through the village I endeavoured
to make*? conquest of the trsaffer,
and oftea foottd myself motrffied, When,
instead of 6eing met with Jojre^I was
only received With Avifity. At length,
however 1 was willing to strike the fatal blow myself,
but my companion prevented nie
by striking him to the ground; but
when he was down, I Satiated all my
malice, by stabbing him in Several places
; So that he was Sound the next morning
dead, and pierced with twenty
wounds. This crime opened to me the
paffage Sor many others.
" My new lover was by profession a
gamester, and his apparent opulence it
was that first dazzled me. We lived
together for fome time in splendor ;
but a reverie of fortune threw us back
into unexpected distreSs; I readily advised
him to rob one of his friends, who
like him, lived by gaming, and who
,* "kind one offered me both had succeeded in this employment. One
his purse, and. his heart. I accepted evening when he had quitted the gam-
bis propoM, and We both Set off for ing-table, where he had won considera-
London, tad with him I lived for softie ble sums, my keeper invited him to
months in great' confidence and plea- come and sup with us. Our design was
sure. -Thetruth,is, I had taken, him to intoxicate him first; but whether
for a man of rank and fortane, when from mistrust, or constitution, we Could
at the eng of fome time he undeceiv^ not succeed. Hearing him talk of de-
ed: ^ me that he was parting, I was resolved not to lofe so
only a Servant to a man of quality, and great a prize, and coming behind him
that his chief motive of bringing me with a silk fash, I So threw it round his
ftom the country Was that ofrecoin- neck, assisted by my keeper, that we
mending me to his master He aflur- sooii'difpatched him; wc Seized upon
ed mc alfd tliat \t I properly managed all his booty, leaving him however
m^ fortune, 1 might now succeed, and fome guineas and his watch, and then
added," that nothing but his love could calling up the Servants, We afcribed his
have ptylohg&frtKe present difcovery. Sudden death to a sit of the apoplexy ;
I was not moth displeased at his infor- nor was our crimes, even suspected.
mation, and in effect being intrdeuced " I had heen comparatively inno-
to his master, I shared in alt the plea cent, if my guilt had retted here. The
fores and delicacies he c

of meeting my advances with joy, he
only receivnd them with distant civility,
and that very evening informed my
keeper of my addresses to him. I foon
For M A* Y, 1768 , m
" My o«xt.fove^ a Frenchman,
who Seeing me in the Pgrk made an acquaintance
with-nie, and followed ins
home. He at first took ni&for a'neefy
found, by the change in both, that I creature of the town; but his fqjhtt
was detected and delpifed; I, therefore njgents were quickly changed upon en«!
resolved that they shoukl ^n die. 1 teriegmy heuSe, where the number Bt
went therefore the next morning to a my servants, and the elegance'of the
TuAIrA Pe»o ro o rtA tA ratronl Airnitnro ra 1CrxA U«n ottmiro^iAn THia*
ly perceived he Wtyi,^,
and receive my pardon. Being assured pulence by his Surprise. I perceived
as far as he was able, that I should he by all his sictions the excels of his joy,
indulged in cafe of confession, I instant- and the lownefs of his education. My
ly laid before him the hte murder my only attachment to this man was tanitjjr,
keeper and I had committed, but added and for fome time I trifle j with hu
also the name of the Son himself as one passion; but I soon began to .find that
of the accomplices. This I thought interest, and not love, were the only
would undo them, and they were heth motives of his assiduity. But this wip
instantly arrested io purfuance of my made more manifest when I received ininformation;
but upon trial there was telligence that he waS preparirig to rob
not a sufficiency of proof to convict ei- me and the house, ana., to fly off Wf&
ther, and although I fwore with intre- his booty to his native country ; be yv^s
pidiiy, yet my evidence served rather to not quicker in his injuries,'t|^qi I in my
increaSe my own ignominy than their revenge. The day before' his intended
guilt. flight I invited him to my lied-cham^er,
" Baffled in this attempt, I was now we Spent that night.-together, and the
obliged to keep myself concealed for pextmorning he was found dead in.the
sometime, both from the resentment area before the house." , ' ,
of my keeper, aOd ! ftoftftmy creditors, Such is the coofeffwo of this monster
whe fought me diligently: In order to in iniquity : however, , the crime
avoid the latter, I married a soldier, which she Suffered WastyBly a felony in
who upon receiving two gnineas was being in company with foot-pnds who
contented to leave me, and never sectary robbed a gentlema^ pear Hyde Park
face more. This gave me a new op- corner. Her extraordinary beauty {>ad
portunity of increasing fljy .debt* and procured many intercessions in her faexpences,
my lodgings were .^onvfrted vour ; but her cbara^fl^Being,too v^H
into an elegant howSe, ray domefticswere known, they failed in their effect, jipd
increased, and I became the f%0w'ona- she Suffered the most, shapxeful death
ble mistress of the town. Among the with the most seeming contrition,
reft of my lovers was the foe of my .' ' . r 7
Lord ——. I at first jKheitted him, ANECDOTES and'BU'f ARTE.ES ch/ofbot
by decrees began to hate him.; He, 1 '„ Jj collided from tbt,,¥fincb. ,
used to take me down to a country- _ _
hoofe within about ten miles of town ;, /T^HERE are ven$iivthat croud le-
I placed one night three fellows in one .. JL; vees, infest court-days, watch eof
the apartments, who ftript the hoofe yery word of PrincesaniJ the great, aof
all its most valuable things besides a nimals who subsist on a whisper, balk
large quantity of money y and the next themselves ja: a intercept a
day I hed the pleasure of enjoying the Squeeze, ravish Gazettes. Such a one
farrow oS a than I had long learnt to said in company, " Yesterday the King
despise. • told ine a very strange ftory in the
0 d d 2 draw-

Tbe M A O A z I V E of M A c A 2 I N E s,
drawing-room" ** fodid father Bourdaloue
addresa me, replied an old courtier,
in his ftrmon."
A courtier, who had more debts than
grace, being very sick, told his confeffor'wbo
attended him, " He only Wished
it might pleaSe Gnd to "prolong his
life till he had paid them.-*" Gnd, I
doubt not, anSwered the Priest, will
grant So pious a wish :" " Then replied
the courtier, turning to a friend of
his, I may be sure oS immortality."
A courtier was SuSpected of impotence,
and was too little of a man to
dcfpiSe the fufpicibn; one day meeting
BenSeradc the po^r, who had uSed to
be'xnerry at his cxpence, " Matter Epigrair.matift,
Said he, I have the plealute
to inform you that my wife is now
lying in."—^—O, Sir, replied BenSerade,
nobody ev*r fufoected your wise."
There must be such a thing as judicial
astrology, faid Abbe Furetiere, for
I have obit rved'that a monk and a raScat
are always under the Same constellation.
Pradon was to Corneille and Racine,
"what Dennis wd's to Pope andDryden;
but not content withcriticisin, lie Would
entertain the pnblic by writing for the
stage, and he had credit enough to be
iimned. Onedajr, a piece ofhis being
' to be brought on, he went with a friend
td the pit incog, muffled up, and by
"his advice furnished with a cat-call.
t The first act provoked a general hiSs:
Pradon trembling with rage and* indig-
' nidon, was iipon the "point cS betraying
himselS; when his friend shewed
him the tanitt of all attempts of applaufe
or remonstrance, and withal the
dinger of being known, fo effectually,
that he perSuaded him to prndtice his
cat-call, and to.jain the reft. H«jyielded
with reluctance ; but Soon waj| fo
animated With the m>roar of the b6uSe,
" and the triumphant hi ft, which Swept
words and actors befoVe it, that heH-
' veii exceeded tbe most violent of'His
to be quiet; " for, says he, the piece
is gond, and disliked only by the canaille,
the anther heing a man of parts,
and a favourite at court," Sir replies
Pradon, I conceive that I may judge of
things for mvfelf, and act accordingly:
the piece frtlereftable, and I shall hifs
on*—" V?i!l you ?" Savs the moufquetaire,
and without further ceremony
fnatching off rhenoct's hat and wig,
threw them on the It age: Pradon gives
him a flap on the face, upon which the
other breaks his head with the pomel
oS his SWord, and kicks him out of the
houfe ; and poor Pradon is Obliged to
Submit to tbe surgeon, for hifling himself.
' Auguftnsmet with a young Greek,
who resembled him extremely : " Pray,
fays the Emperor musing, was your mother
never at Rome ?" " No, anfwered
the Greek, but u.y father was often."
To tbe PROPRIETORS of the MAGA-
ZINE of MAGAZFNES.
GENTLEMEN,
I have Sent a catechifin, which may,
perhaps, he useful to young Qentlemen
of rank ; and, therefore, hope
you will Savour it with a place.
Your's, &c. SoCRATICUS.
Q I X 7 H A T is the principal bufinels
Yv of a man's life ?
A. To get money.
Q What is the ufe of money ?
A To Support a man's pleasures. .
QJ Wjiat are the best and fpendirft)
methnds of getting money? '
A. By parriage, or by being a M—r
of P —t.
Q What is the greatest beauty in a
wife? "
A. A large for.tune. •
Q Whet is-the duty of a hufoand ?
A. To hate his wise, iind to run Out
her fortune.
* Q Whaf are the chicf qualifications
enemies ; he haopehed to be Itidt to a of afire gentleman ?
moufqueiaire, who withstern look'a f-
5
ked the cause of h is rag?, and bid ham
1 °
c
A. Gamin", horfe-racing, and keepisg
hclf a d07.cn miftreffes. '
Q What

For M A Yf^^d!!^^ 397
Q What is the religion of a fine gen- the first day of the fifth month, in the
tleman ? present and above written year,
A. To believe he may do what he By mc,
pleafesin this world; without any fair . 1 Of another. '
As my namea underwritten,
,r : " With mine own hind writing,
Q Has a fine gentleman any conSci* Due witness
ence ?
A. Yes. "
Johannes Sterpin, spiritual rector of
7< '} r""i 1 the limited district, which hath heenfin-
Q What is it ? fully called Denham, ahd is, I believe,
A. To pay no debts,'keep no pro*- W'Some perSons ftill sinfully called
miSes, and Induce his friend's wife or Denham, and is in the shire called
daughter. " ' of Bucks.
Q When a fine gentleman hath 1 iAipaired
his fortune, what must he do to Spirited LETTER 'from a LADY of
Support his extravagance ? Fashion in the Country, to ber Coif-
A. He muftg^t himself elected M—i fdant in Tovon ; from the Woof
P -t. MAN of FASHION, jujl publifbed\
Q
ed?
How muft he get himfelf elect- See p. 167.
A. By bribery. VIO, my dear, there is no rule with-
Q How can his getting a feat in the i\l out exception. I cannot agree
house Support his extravagance ? with you and the poet, that every wo-
A. By voting always firm for the Mi- man in her heart is a rake. This
niftry, without any regard to the questi- little demure Henrietta is an instance of
on, he will Surely get Some lucrative the contrary. What a town nducapost,
by which he may Support his plea- rion might have done, I don't know;
Sures at the puhHc cxpence. * but at preSent, I declare I am quite
'' ' angry with her—It is the meereft frollfbe
RECTOR of D'enhtm's Receipt for plece—Really, Brudnell, I am fotnetytbei
to ROGER ISILL, Efq. times a litflc humbled; whep I make
certain comparisons, hut console myof
a gentleman, whefe Self with reflecting, how much' better a
R ECEIVED
name of Roger given him at bap- figure I make in the beau monde ; for,
tifm, according to what I in Christian after all, iris an errant rustic—.Virtucharity
believe and suppofe is Sinful,and ous, prudent, ami all that—But whet
whofe Surname is Hill, and who is one now-a-days, regards these antiquated
of those gentlemen who have been fin- perfections ?—The love of pleasure is
fully called Efquire,' on the eleventh the univerfal paffion.—The men, by
day of the seventh month in the year ; What authority they know best, have
1724, fince our Lord Gnd and Saviour 1 *ied us poor females down to arbitrary
JtJous Cbriftos manifested himself in laws, agreeable to their own Caprice)
the flesh, thefum oftwO pounds ster- but nature has given us wit and invenling,
and five shillings-,--as full pay- tio'rt enough to elnde the force .of their
ment of tythes due to me, on the day tyranny. Yet to keep up certain neeefs
of the commemoration oft he annurtci- sary appearances, a woman of spirit has
ation to the BltSedVifgin Maria, mo- 'a 'theufand agreeable resources, and
therof our Lord'Gtid and Saviour Je- will'never beat a loft-for ways and
font Chrifloii, ' according to the flesh,' mfe&ns to ainuse herself. Hnd you aflaft
paft | which full payment wes to sorted, that half of our Sex were fools,
have been made on the day of the com-—1 should have been far -from disputing
memoration of Saint' Pbitippos and Sr. your judgment— For', infober fadneSc,
Jacobos, junior, laft paft, which Was we are lo in genetal-^But no matter,
\

The M ^ C A Z f u E of M A C A Z I K E I ,
Aq more fools, the better We wiH
leave your good creature to defend our
cause. The reputation of your wifdonj
and my Ladyship's is Sufficiently
efllablished, let the rest shift for tbetnfifes.
i All [ do not bid me talk of my new
cmfin* I expire at the thoughts of her.
—vcigurc to youifelf a well thrived
kmpofclaty, jufj; animated with a little
£urk of fife , sufficient to keep her
longr in play ; this lump decorated, like
anew painted sign-post, with all the
colours of the rainbow —The head fiizxfcd,
egrettcd, pomponed, beseathered,
andberibbonedall over—Flounced and
Iprbdowcd from top to bottom—Ah!
I see her running backwards and forwards,
fluttered to death at the
thoughts of feeing us ; out of breathat
at every found of a carriage ; now
looking in the glass; now conning oser
the complimentary speech her SpouSe
took the trouble to teach htr, left she
fcould mi&ehave—Then the hell is
Hing,—Is the tea tfyuipage in order ?
She must see every thing done hersek.
This puts her in a flame. Her natuaafiy
fiery cheeks are purple from ear to
«ar^-Mea»'time our chariot drives info
the comb—Ott we Sail—The poor
woman, ready to sink, yet tries t$> aSlijne
ta air of compoSure. Flutter,
-jArtter,, goes her heart. She totters to
•ke flak-head, to shew the iiiwnensuy'of
1M MOD breeding. Her mouth opened—i
give her one of my penetrating
fooka The fine ready-mnde Speech is
loft from thet moment, and mum's the
wotd fat the remainder of the yjft.
She leads ui into the drawing-room,
eowtteSyingstjemy step—I cast myfetf
intd a chair—Where is Sir Rohert ?
» caielefly—She mutters Something ——
. V larthip" tolerably distinctly—Fears I
ftalt he Warm f opens one of the windows,
at >which I start—HeavtDs!
• Madam f 1 atti already in an ague ; I
expire if you make the apartment any
reoler ;I have a delicate constitution —
I date fay the honest Soul gave her afient
to that; for, to say truth, the day
was sultry to, the last degree.—The
plnftip creature selt it Sufficiently. - She
fancied hejself wkh all her might.
Down went t|e casement, however, in
compliance with my Ladyship, while she
fat burning with hear,tJ the powder and
pomatum deScendingin purling streams
down her Spacious forehead. • * 1"'
In came Sir Robert. See what a
reformation matrimony can produce;
he bad absolutely the grace to blush,
when he in rod seed his helpmate.
Happy pair! I wished him joy. You
did well (whiSpering) to bring your fair
spouse into the country, the ak may he
of service to her—Pop r creature ! She
seems far gone in a consumption.
He took my hand. Smiling, and lending
nie to my feat, I find my card has had
the desired effect, whispered. he, you
grant the requested truce. 1 must only
observe, resumed I, laughing, that
you heve chosen a well covered rib ;
there is no knowing whether it is a
crooked one*rf Ajndn | cried he ; ah !
for pity's sake—need of sparing you,
the'agreement ^js^ogly that I should
spare your wife—I forget, indend that
man and wife are one; she the fash,
you the Spirit—Of that yOu have enough
Sor both : No fear then of your
not retorting my raillery.
After tea we strolled into the park.
I left my cos fin to entertain the errjele,
whe had baidly featured to breathe
since our entrance, but fat with her
splaw feet atpjfpnvenleot distance from
each other; the toes turned p, placed
as chence directed, in none of the mpst
eafy postures : hut from which, however,
Ae had not courage to, fnore
them—Het brawny a^ras pinioned, to
her Sides ; the tips of her fpgers jjft
meeing; her eyes fixed on thefloarfber
whole shining capacious Sace in ablaze
—glad was the plump Soul, when a
motion wa? made for walkings Bob
let me out—The evening, was fine.
We had a great deal of conversation ;
his friend was the subject; he pleaded
in his favour—Nojieed of that—But
tnutn—I aaSwered withmy usual levity.
For
1 * Ffit V & Y, -m
^ofto what putpofe- fcould I he fhrtoiis?
Neither his fortune nor mine,
will' Suffer me to thin kof him in any o*
ther character than what he at present
fills - Matrimony!—hideous 1 — Befides,
hew imprudent would it he in
our Situation? His affairs are more
than ever embarrassed; it is now too
late to begin eeconomy. I told Boh,
there was nothing left for him, but id
Softow his Sober example. Could he
not find, amongst his new and honourable
relations, fome well fed, weH
portioned damsel, for his brother in iniquity.
Do yoid think Brudndl, I could
patiently bear fnch an event ?—Lord,
child, you do not know whet a generous
creature I am. If Would, you know,
make but a little difference in «jt affairs—Let
us tulk no more of him, he
is coming; we shall see whet effect his
presence Viil produce.
I have not mentioned my blooming
Henry this age-^Why should I? It is
aftupid insefmble-——My vanity
is a little hurt; nothing oiore, heKcvfe
me
My pride is toheld all ry an kind in my
chain;
The conquest: I pfjee, tha' the slave I
diSdain.
It is the first time I have failed-*-
Never before did l aim at gaining an
admiref, without fucceft. 1 put this,
and my ftay in the ndious country down,
as mortifications that ought to attone for
half my fins - We wentyefterday en
famille to dine at the hell. Henrietta
looked—Well, pofitlvely, Ae is not, in
the tout enfetotlZ moh amiss—But
then she has ho life, no expression, and
blushes to death when any hedy ftys a
civil thing to her—Ido love to put the
little ruftic out of countenance—Tho',
by the bye, werfehr ita fo utterly unfashionable,
it is absolutely of infinite
advantage to the complexion.
After tea, as usual, a country ramble—That
Is ever The burden of each
day I endeavoured to engage Harry,
hX ^y of giving a little life to our ex-
carfi on. The creature's neither deficit
ent in fense nor spirit, but not the lead
glimmering of tafto—I could See, but
too plainly for my pride,, that he. wou!4
have prefered the insipid chat of h*
raftic to all my ton »«/;.-1 chained
him to my car, however, by pairing,
uSe of his arm in walking*-? Ah t tbewfc
are a thouSand advantages in heing 'a
widow ; a thousand little freedoms are
allowed us without censure. >
We strolled into the weed, as aeon*
fiderable distance from the houso^A
company of gipfie»accoftedu3«>^0»e«f
them would tell my LadyAip's .fortune
—While she Spoke, I missed my Swain;
on turning round, I Saw*him chatting *»
a fine strapping girl of the Egyptian
company—Ah | the heft of these men
are rogues in their hearts. I did not
think the creature bad fo much wageery.
I examined the'damsel with attention,
and, upon my woidher Swartthy
Ladyship was immenSely handsome;
she has even an' air ofgentiliry. Her
features are regular, H a Jne shape, and
a pair of the most enchanting black eyes
I ever faw. Harry's wicre mpre then
uSually animated.- ' I joined thep.
Well, Mrs. Cleopatra, cried I, what
fays the ftars of your client never
ftndy thefe of the other sex, aafwerOd
she ; but, if your (^ulyfhip chefes t)
knew your deftiny, jtou nay depend
on a true information. And why net
tell me? Said he, taking her hand;
think you might give a shrewd guess, if
you examine my eyes. Was not thps
very gallant? They are a dangerous
study, returned fci,:: their: language is
not to be depended po. Of you may
Safely depend un tnine; said the youth,
they always speak the dictates of ray
heart I told you-fcefor*, ctied the
nymph, thet i base nothing to do with
Mho gentleman ; but for you, my Lady,
taking* my hand, which she examinedi a
moment, you were born under the plft-
- net of Venus ; you will he crossed in
love, and you will crofe others in ft:
' take care of yotfrfalf la May, it will, he
a dangerous month to yon. Then I
will

400 Tbe M A G A Z I N E of M A G A Z I N E S ,
will take you 'for my guard, cried I, he alarmed it our stay. They hed
laughing. Will you quit this vagahend struck into a different path-*--With retrade,
and live With me. No, thank luctaoce he followed me, having first
your Ladyship, fail she, our sex love whispered fomething to ona of the men.
power; I am now a Queen, though This little adventure was >ne Subject of
Queen of the beggars ; but even that a good deal oS mirth, when we got
is far preferable todependance.i I was home. Harry put me in mind of the
surprized at her anfwer. and turning to month of May, that was to be as faone
of her companions, asked where tal to me as the ideas of March to Csethey
picked up that Smart damSel ?• She far—The account we gave of the
was bred amongst us, anfwered the njrmph and her tutor,.to the rest of our
man, and have given her a very gond e- company, appeared incredible. I
ducation; her wit made uschuseher should, however, except my cousin,
for our Queen; and to fay truth, she whose romantic imagination saw nothing
is very ^ well worthy that distinction; extraordinary in a real Princcsa's wan-
Why, you are really an uncommon fo: dering about in diSguiSe; and hearuly
of mortals, returned I; I could not vexed she was, that she had not been
have expected > Such Sensible anSwers of our party ; for whet a charming hifrom
people of your appearance. Why story had she, by that mearfs, lost. We
not ? said he, we boast noble ancestors; ought, she (aid,- to have invited, her
•we fee a great deal of the world, and Majesty to her castle j', she should hive
have people of no sinall consequence a- been proud of such a guest g we were
tnongua-Wi, for example, am well unpardona blydeficient it\. hospitality,
born; a love of freedom inclined me to Harry expatiated,, with a gond deal
this way of,life ; it is the happiest yon of warmth, on the. charms of the fair
can conceive ; that young woman is Egyptian. I was going to fay—Fair is
mv pupilI have formed her under- but ill applied ; yet, except her cornstanding
J>y books and Tgond counsel; plexion, it must be owned, she was veignorance
would but ill Suit our Sage ry handsome; I wish the difcrple.of
profession ; one had need have, some .nature may not follow its dicta es too
.learning, to be able to explain thede- far. I assure you Mr. Piercy, the fa-
.Ainy of others; astrology is a- noble ther, did not seem to have any great
fcience.—Is this young damSel your /enchant for the encominms of his Son
daughter, afked I. O! we are all def- bestowed on the wandering inamorata
cendants of the renowned Cleopatra, —But how, you aik, looked the little
Sindhe Smiling; we examine no farther blushing rustic all-this while? Why
into our birth and parentage. I then really, child, not at all as I should have
put Some questions to the reft of the expected —•We are born hypocritesgang,
but found them stupid and ilii- No need of a courtly education to teach
terate. The man I first spoke to, and rus that lefion. To outward appear-
^the girl, hewever, amaznd me. Harry ance, she was quite composed—Nay,
/was not lefs So. After a little more she was so Sar, as to n^ke Harry re-
^chat I made him aprofent; Harry . peat a defeription of the pretty vagaoffered
one more considerable to his hend, and, tocompleat her dillimuTa-
; nymph, but she randeftly declined it, tiou, Seemnd to relish his praiSe—Let
faying, with a Smile, she mult keep up us alone for art—rHeavens! what a
her dignity; but he might heftow his packer is here I, Que, two, three —
liberality oa her Subjects. Ah I I expire with writing—I can
; The youth seemed unwilling to leave hardly take the trouble of bidding you
her ; but I put him in mind that it was ndiea—It is pad———
late, and the reft of our patty would , DIANA D.
A brief
•< For M A
Y,, 1768 p Civ 401,
A brief HiJiorj of - tbe COPPER COI-
NAGE.
COPPER was firstcoinnd at the
Mint in the reign of Charles II.
and the coinage was made current by
proclamation, that Monarch looking on
an act of Parliament as unnecessary to
give a sanction to what he thought pro-
? er to intrnduce by the royal authority,
by that or any other imeans, to annihilate
this inconvenieucy, which may be
the more easily credited, as by the best
calculations it appears, that 20o,oool.
is all the copper necessary in this kingdom
Sor exchanging sixpences,. the only
uSe it can have in commerce, audit is
certain that our honest coined copper
doubles that Sum.. . . ,
So Suddenly after this period were our
n this defenceiefs state this coinage London traders overloaded"with copper
continued till the latter end of the coin, true and SalSej that in the years
reign of George II. when pillory and 1732, and 1733,. the counterfeits be-
an imprisonment for twO years, and segan to be complained of he great dealcurity
for good behaviour for two years ers, and the lower part of the people,
more, was by law imposed as the pu- on whom this misery encreased for twennishment
of counterfeiting this coinage. ty years, 'till the year 1753, when Se-
But Charles H. though arbitrary in veral traders had in their hands, Some
his principles, yet was so just in action, to the extent of two hundred pounds,
that, he caused the halfpence and far- some one hundred, some fifty, and mathings,
then issued from the Mint unny twenty pounds of this baSe money,
der direction, to be fabricated of the of no use but to be fold for sixpence,
best Swedish copper,, a material much or Seven pence, or at the moft eight
Superior to what was afterwards used pence the pound to ..copperSmiths, oc
in this coinage, which was disregarded brasiers, to the immenSe JoSs of the pos-
in the reign of his Succeffor James II. sessors of that trash, and the great dis-
King William refumed it, and coined advantage of the. whole.of the nation,
Some copper; but Queen Anne never who are thereby deprived pf their ster-
coined one halSpenny or Sarthing. This ling money.
SuSpenfion oS that coinage during her
feign, joined with a practice uSual with On a CALCULUS or STOKE of thk
our refiners oS gold and silver, in col- LUNGS, occaftoned by Qu i crlecting
King Charles the Second's coin- L 1 M E.. By Dr. GROROE WOLFed
copper, for the purpoSes of their re- CANG-WEDEM. ~ • WIN jq J. NT. ..1 A V.
spective businesses, Soon rendered that
commndity Scarce/ainong the London {From the Epbemerides of the CuriousJ
traders, inSomuch that a renewed coi- AWoman of the £>uxhy ofHol stain,
nage was deemed ueceitary very early who, for several years, had la-
in the reign of King George 1. And bqured in quality of Servant in the wOrk-
jjiere it is proper to repack, that though houfe of a lime-burner, having been
in the years 1715 and 1716, copper exposed to breathe often an air Saturat-
was fcarce in London and its invirons, ed with the Subtile dust'of lime, seveyet
there was a great deal among the •, ml ftony tubercles inconsequence there -
country traders, who Spread vast quan- of became formed in her lungs, an4 she
tises oS theirs Sor the Supply of our once shewed me Some of thole concre-
London commerce, 'till we got a supertions, which she had discharged by the
fluity, which has been an increasing effort of coughing,,, amidst spitting of
load on our trade ever since, and en- blood, of which fome were of the oigforced
many vain efforts to get rid of it, neSs of a pea, others larger, and others
. as. well as .engaged our traders to fend Smaller, but all angular, and with three
back into the country as much as thqfe points, and she likewise told me, that
dealers would take, without being able, she had brought up one of the bignesa
VOL. XXXV. *
E e e " ' c S

4B2 The MAGAZINE ^ M A G A Z I N E S ,
of a beau, which she designed to bring
me, hp: that flie had loft it Having
changed her way of life, the symptoms
of tms drforder disappeared, and she
tew been since in epnd health.
'F6R my part, Fmake no doubt but
that theSe stones, Some of Which 1 heve
preserved in tny cabinet, were formnd
in the lungs, by the junction of the moleculse
of the nme, this woman haviog
never bad in her youth, and 'till the 1
time she Was obliged to apply herself to
this kind of lafcdur, any disorder in the
cheft, ariy diSpofition to the phthisic,
andhSfing recovered her perfect health
as Sdon as she had engaged in another
kind Of life. Th,e du(t that riles from
lime, is, in fact, fubtile enough to sustain
itSdS imthe alf, and to mi* with
if; 5t might therefore have been-carrled
by refpiration into the brondhia of this
woman's lungs, who was otherwise of
adelicate constitution, and too fieekle
Uf bearthefort of labour she was obliged,
fo. The mofecnlse • of Kpe intift
consequently have Sojourned, been accumulated,
and have formed therein,
With time, Some fforty concretions; the
rather as the Saline part of the fimets
itSelf a principle of cohesion, when it
becomes Incorporated with an earthy
matter. ' When we daily see the Hme
used as a cement in the building of
walls, and as a plaister sor covering
them, contract oftw the hardness of
stone, we may have no reason io be
the shine Kme, mixed and
worked up with the mucilage of the
VefiCulx of theimi^, and pent in between
their inclbsures, fltould therein,
With time, fce&me petrified,' 1 '.
P^RA tx et^he/ioeef lbe French and
English Writers. (ContinvtA frti*
rf^ttfi post extensive and conside-
1 : table of DOctor SwtftVprofe
works. a*er J -be Tsle of a-TiiB, is Oultivet's
Travels. This, as well re flie
.ftVmer, may be called tin allegorical satfri,
u having afcbrfftiint.
retrospect, un-
der feigned names and adventures, either
to the general customs and mauners of
Europe, or to the particular ones of
Britain; none of which are spared in
it, which to a philosophical eye may appear
abfurd, reprehensible, or even innocendy
ridiculous. Thus far the fatire
is most usefully pointed, and no farther
does the Author ge in the voyages
to LiHiput, Brobdignag and Laputa ;
throughout each of which the instruction
which he evidently intended by them,
is fo artfully introduced, and conveyed
in fo very pleasing a vehicle, that they
heve been obServed (inftend of difgufting
youth, like most moral works) to
give uncommon delight, even to those
whofe infant tendernefl or slender capacities,
heve prevented from understanding
the ingenious precepts and 1 efforts
couched under every part of them.
But the cafe is widely different with the
concluding voyage to the HOuynhnms,
Swift having in this part of his work lb
entirely abandoned himself to that misanthropy
which was in fome measure
natural to him, and from the period of
his disappointments constantly encreaSed,
that it is not fo much a Satire on the
vices of'human-nature, as on humanity
trself.
If considered merely as a work ofgenius,
1( believe this patt of Gulliver's
Travels willappearto the full as mafterly
a production as any of the three
preceding ones; and no great degree
of attertrion isf eqaifiteto perceive that
the finest leflbrtsof morality may be Selected
from it Is It not then a most
strange and unhappy incoofistency, thet
in; the very next moment after we have
i been highly entertained by the fire and
spirit So charmingly diffused through it,
we should, on refte€pon, fee! ashigh a
degree of pain at the melancholy picture
which it Obtrudesnpon ourvlew ?
It has with great reafoti been lmptited
as a fault to fofflegloomy Divines
and Philosophers," that they have m
their harsh, Severe Speculations, reprefented
myn'to bimf

404 Tbe MAGAZINE of M A G A Z I ft E S,
keep in tolerable humour with ourfelves
?
But thank Heaven, there is no need
of any studied deceit on this head, the
favourable side of the question being
that which nature loudly proclaims, and
which the mere feelings of any gond
man must persuade him, is conformable
to the strictest truth; and shall I be
permitted to fay, that as it is usual to
form our judgment of others from what
passes in our own bosoms, the upholding
the opposite opinion is no argument
of the goodnefs of those persons hearts,
who seem fo convinced of this ahetninable
depravity of mankind ? Unhappy
indeed would it be if Such sentiments
were ever to become general: that tender
compassion (one of the noblest and
most exclusive privileges of humanity)
which links mankind together, would of
course be banished from our breasts, as
we should then think the objects of it
totally unworthy of our regard : all
" the charities of father, son, and brother,"
all the dearest ties of society,
would either lose their relish, or entirely
abandon us; and each defolate individual,
thus deprived of all the fweets
of social life, wbuld not even find comfort
in his own private thoughts, as he
must, on this supposition, fee nothing in
himself but a (ink of impurity, a vile
compound Of the most loathsome bafe-
- nefs and vice. Then might each man
with a singular, but unhappy proprie-
- ty, cry out with Shakefpeai's Hamlet,
" What should such fellows as I do,
crawling between heaven and earth?—
We are errant knaves."—But let us
turn aside from such melancholy reflec-
tions, with the comfortable assurance
1 1
that thry are only ideal.
[TO be continue J.]
Tbe Political Hiflory of EUROPE for
tbe Year \f 67, taken /pom tbe Annual
Regi/ler of tbat Tear juft publifbed,
and given entire. Continued
from >. 155 of our Magazine of
left Tear.
General Afpe8 of Affairs. Prefent Appearances
pacific. Some antientCaufes
of Contention removed. France.
Holland. General State of tbe North.
Germany. Italy. Expulfion 0} tbe
Jefuits from Naples and Parma.
Tbe lntere(l of tbe Court of Rome
declining in Italy. Portugal. Scarcity
of Corn. Friendly Intercourfe
fulfilling between tbe learned.
t. . • •: rr ..• '-fit
W E observe with pleafure, that the
event has happily justified our
prognostication of last year ; and that
the general tranquility of Europe is not
in any immediate danger of being disturbed.
A spirit of improvement in
the arts of peace, in manufactures,
commerce, and the elegant establishments
of life, Seems to have taken place,
Sor a while at least, of that rage of
conquest, which had for fo many centuries
plunged the different parts oS the
great European commonwealth into all
the calamities of devastation and war.
The martial disposition, which so entirely
possessed the people of thoSe ages,
was the natural conSequence of the hardy
bndies, the active and intrepid minds,
oS the wellern and northern nations,
when not otherwise engaged by a close
attention to the useSul, or mellowed by
a knowledge of the fine arts.
It may now appear late to look back
to the Subversion Or change of the feudal
system, and from thencc to derive
reafons for prognosticating the approach
of a leSs martial age. This change was
not indeed immediately productive of fo
happy an effect. Many, however, of
the causes of ancient quarrels were certainly
removed, by the different modifications
which that system underwent
in most of the countries of Europe.
The two last centuries were (partly
through accident, and partly from those
epidemic passions, which have been observed
at particular asras to possefs the
minds of great bndies of mankind) fo
peculiarly fertile in producing new cau-
Ses of dissension, that the conSequences
naturally

' r ' FDr M '? / »
naturally to he expected Srom the decline
of the feudal government, could not
he perceived amidst' the continual din
of fresh disputes. It may be unnecessary
to recapitulate thofe cauSes of di(-
Sension; many oS them are generally
known. Religion, or the: pretence to
it, had its Sull share amongst them.
The uncertain rights of succession in
most countri's, together with the avidity
with which all mankind were seized
to grapple at the treasures of the
neW world, were such feeds of contention,
as served, along with many others,
to keep Europe in continual agitation.
Several of the principal of those causes,
and happily, fome of thofe which
occasioned the greatest mifchief, are
now no more. The violence of religious
animosity ; that bittewefsof zeal, which
set mankind to the destruction of each
other's bndies, for-the Salvation of their
Souls, is not only worn out, but almost
forgotten. Successions, boundaries, and
Tights of government, are fixed upon a
more known and fettled foundation than
ever they were before ; and commercial
nations have discovered t more successful
and happy methnd of procuring
gold, than by digging it themselves from
the mine, or forcing it from thefe that
do. '
Many other fources of contention of
a later date, together with fome mistaken
notions in politics, which have
had their day and done Sufficient miSchief,
are exhausted Some just causes
of contention are also removed. The
ideas attending a balance of power,
fcems to be at present very different
from what they have been formerly.
The dread of universal monarchy appears
to be much 'abated, if not entirely
at an end. With regard to England,
to our happiness, the causes of
thofe fears which were once fo prevalent,
with respect to the Protestant Succession
; the danger of rebellions within,
or invasions from without, from that
cause, are fo entirely vanished, that they
only serve to endear to us our present
security.
Thefe circumstances seem in some
M Y, ' 176$/ 4.05
fort pledges of a greater tranquillity to
our posterity, than we of our ancestors
have enjoyed. However, it must be
conseffed that all speculations of this
kind, however plausible, are in their
nature extremely uncertain. The natural
inconstancy of mankind, the sport
which fortune feems at some times to
make of every system, destroying in a
day, or an hour,, the best laid foundations,
and trampling the labour of ages,
and the wifeft institutions in the dull: ;
all theSe may forbid the jiopes of a lasting
permanency to aqy syftem of tranquillity,
let the present appearances he
ever so serene. ; A . o-.s-
« It must be admitted that this age
feems to have a cause of Contention
more particularly its own, and which
cannot fail to supply in some degree,
those which are now by time & change
of manners, extinguished. The desire
of naval power, which at present acts
fo strongly upon many of the nations in
Europe, will generate daily disputes, ar.d
must become a fruitful fource of dissension.
The spirit of commerce will not
be confined to the acquisitions cf industry.
The new adventures in this field
will encroach upon the old, while the
fame passion will act as powerfully with
the old poffeffors; not to relinquish any
of thofe profits which usualiy.came into
their hands, and to which they wiU
think that long prescription has given
them a right.
- With respect to other matters, the
general state of > affairs in Europe has
suffered no material change since the
conclusion of our last volume. The
same close union and alliance still subfists
hetween the different branches of
the house of Bourbon; i> The friendship
and union between that family and the
house of Austria, is still more closely cemented
by a marriage between theyourtg
King of Naples, & a daughter of the EmpreisQiecn.
The hopes of this alliance
might indeed have been frustrated
in a less numerous family, by
the death of the Arcbduchefs 15th Oct.
Maria Josepha,who was fei- 1767.
zed with the fmall -pox in a

4o6 The M A-O AZIKE of M A C A ZHTE S,
few days after her being married by
fffiXy and declared Queen of Naples ;
bet upon this occasion it made no great
chftnge, and the young Prince has been
since contracted to her next After the
Archdurchefs Caroline, who is about a
year younger.
Unnatural as the present friendship
and alliance hetween thofe ancient and
hereditary enemies, the houses oSBourheo
and Auftria, may appear, and dangerous
as the efiects of it might at firft
foon tommy of their neighbours ; it is
not perhaps impossible, but it may contribute
to preserve thet tranquility,
which seemed to be fo much endanger?
ed by It. This will appear the lefs
problematical, if we reflect on the many
wars in which the bickerings and
enmity of thefe two families have engaged
for near two centuries the rest
ot Europe. Neither does this alliance
appear so very formidable to its neighbours,
as it might have done in another
situation of things. The great weight
Which has accumulated in the northern
balance of late years, may well prevent
the scale from preponderating excessively
in their favour.
It does not at prefent appear, that
any of the three poweis in question 'are
disposed, or indeed in a condition to
difturb the public repose. France has
been long a loser by Wer wars, nor do
the late trials she has made of her
ffrength, comparatively with that ofher
aeighhenrs, give the leaft encouragement
to her seeking for new. The Syflcm
of Europe is much changnd Since
thole victorious days of Lewis the 14th,
-When he was fo much the terror of it.
Other nations have gained great ndditknal
strength, whilst France has without
question rather loft ground ; yet
k must be owsnd, not in such a degree,
hut thet her great natural resources, and
the very valuable and improv cable colonies
she is still poffeffed of, will always
make her very respectable if not
formidable. At prefent she is londnd
with a very heary debt, which will require
length of time, joined with ftrict
tor M A Y, 176! 40 i
(economy and dose attention to her financea,
to difehaige. Nor will her cafion, suffidendy testified the sense couraged to marry, a corrective in Some
commerce, though greatly recovered,
Suddenly forget tthe shocks it received in
the laft war. Agriculture has, through
a series of mismanagement, been long
on thededioein that country; k was
the error of the famdtis Colbert, that
he wanted to form the French into a
nation of manufacturers, and forget thet
agriculture is the principal ftrength of
a ftate. TheFrench ministry, as well
as the nation, seem now fully sensible of
this error; and agriculture meets with
they bad of it By this marrlage the degree to the political "lhiSchlesa attendcommonweaith
has entered info a nearam on thofe extenftve military eftaber
connection with a great, a powerful, iishments.
an J a neighbouring Prince, whose de- Turning our eyes to the southward,
position, if not a certaStt friend, was the scene is there also entirely pacific.
always to he dreaded ; and die vicini- Indeed the new Dey of Algiers had
ty of whose territories to thofe of the made fome extraordinary demands upon
states, would always furnish fafliclent the republic ofVentce ; among the reft
matter for altercation, whenever he besides the payment of an exnorbitant
chose to seek for it. At the same rime sum of money, he insisted that his cor-
this marriage is justly to be looked upsairs should have free liberty to cruize
on in a very interesting light with re- in the gulph ofVentce, and to take the
all that encouragement and attention
which it fo juftly merits. It will, however,
require length of time, and all the
leisure of peace, to bring it in any degree
near the perfection to which it is
capable of arriving.
spect fo the Protestant system in gene- ships ofany nation with, whom he was
ral, and fo, connect that chain of union not bound by treaty} with this extraorwhich
it will always be fo much the dinary condition annexed, that if any of
common interest to preserve between his cruizers should happen to be taken,
the maritime and northern powers, and the republic should repair the lofs in
the Proteftant Princes of 'Germany. readv anoney.
Upon the whole it is evjuent, that In the North, affairs at present wear TheSe dishonourable proposals were
nothing can he so effestial to the inte- the most benign aspect. The great refused with a proper diraain by the Serest
oS France, as the 'continuation of disputes in Poland about the Dissidents, nate ; and as the Dey of Algiers had
peace ; and that they muft be the moft which seemed pregnant with fo riruch broken the peace, and imprisoned their
pernicious, politics, which could at pre- danger, to the general repofe, are thro, Consul, they equipped a Squadron of
Sent .urge it to enter wantonly into a the weighty and effectual mediation of menofwaT, which they difpatched to
war. ; j r. •'
With reSpect to England, France
Seems at present to be in a ftate of perfect
good neighbourhood : nor is there
any apparent cause of quarrel likely to
difturb this harmony. It may oot perhaps
be qirite visionary to imagine that
the violent animosiry and national prejudice,
which have fo long fubsiftnd
the great powers, who by treary, as Algiers under the command of Admiral
well as connection, were Interested in Emo, to bring him to feafon. The Dey
their consequences, bought into a train continued obftinate ; upon which the
of being Settled upojt the moft perma- Admiral, according to hi* orders, immediately
declared war againft him,
Gerraany^as offered np patter of and Sailed out of the harbour to fulfil hfs
political Observation dari the course of iriftructrons, which were p block up
the present year. The —ror and the port, and deftrcty all the AJgerine
King of Prussia spend the Summers, ei- corsairs he could meet With.
hetween the two nations, is in fome dether in reviewing their artmcs, or in These vigorous resolutions Soon bro't
gree wearing off; and it is observable, making prOgreffes through different the Dry to. temper, -nnd indeed fo a
that more French of distinction heve parts of their dominions ; by which Submission as mean as his demands had
visited England since the laft war, than they become eye-witnesses of the im- been insolent; he fbund 'himself under
at any other period since the English loft provements that are ttqvUSte to be a necessity of making ufeoS die media-
their great poffeffions in that country. made, the encouragement thet is neceftion oSthe British Conful, to procure
.The moft interefting event which fary to be given, and of the diftresses a renewal of the peace upon the origi-
the paft year has produced in Holland, and wants of their Subject! Notwithnal terms/
has been the marriage of the Prince
this atrentionto donreftfc and The other parts of Italy have afford-
Stndtholder to the Princess Royal of
lappinels, the two great pow- fed Htde remarkable, except the expulfi-
Prussia. Nothing could be more pieafers of the empire are far from being On of the Jefults from Naples and Paring
to the whole republic than this marneglieent of thdr mUtrary departments; ma ; as these events are intimately cohriage,
nor could any thing happen of the fword seems only (o slumber, but nected with, or may rather be looked
a more interesting nature; the public does riot sleep, and their armies are upon as conSequences of the mtaSufes
and private rejoicings they made, and kept coppleat, and til thebeft ccmdjti- which had been already taken in Spain
the matks of refpect and regard which 1
they shewed the Princess upon every occasion,on
. The Empress . Queen .:... « has n publish- t r : ; f o the Same purpoSe, we shall include
ed
an edtct, wheteby the soldiers in all them under that head, as well as the
her armies are allowed and even e'n- ineffectual remonstrances made by the
: t ...-.U TO: J . ^ ^

408 The MAG A.Z I M E.of MAGAZINES,
court of Rome in their savour. The which has also upon every other occaedict
which has been passed by the re- fion, always . acted . the part of a most
gency of Parma, with respect tp eccle- faithful ally and generous friend. If
fiaftical affairs, and which almost to- the advantages arising from the comtally
secludes the Roman fee front all ju- merce between the two nations were
rifc^iction in that dutchy, together with not mutual,, this conduct .might admi:
the consequences, which are faid to be ofloine plea in its justification; but the
an excommunication, will find their contrary is evidently shewn, by the great
proper place in the transactions of the preference which has been fo long givenfuing
year. The power and interest en by England to the Portuguese wines,
of the court of Rome are daily lofing for which they could find no other market,
ground in Italy ; where other states, and the consequent immenseconifumpti
besides those we nave mentioned,, are on of them in these countries. Many
taking meafures to circumfcribe it. The have with reason been surprized at the
government of Milan, which, includes fupinenels of the British Ministry, in
the Austrian Lombardy, haspublished putting up fo long with the frequent
a law, by which all the rights which the oppressions, inSulta, and indignities, which
Pope or the Bishops have hitherto ex- have been So repeatedly offered to the
erciSed over ecclefiaftics, either with re- English merchants in that country. Not
gard to their effects or heir perfons, is have they beenleSs Surprized at the tetransferred
to a council, established for merityofthe Portuguese Minister, in
that purpofe at Milan. All ecclesia- venturing to rouse the indignation of a
ftics are obliged to fell the estates which nation, which could so easily andfo efthey
have become possessed offince the fectually do itfelf ample juftice.
year 1722 ; andno subject, whether The irregularity and inclemency of
ecclesiastic or Secular, is permitted to the SeaSonsforfooieyear^pafl:indiffergo
to Rome, to Sollicit any Savour ex- ent parts of Europe, have occasioned an
cept letters of indulgence-, without the uncertainty and great deficiency in the
consent of thesaid council. , crops of Several countries, by which the
This law is.the fame as that which poor have Suffered great distresses. The
was published at Venice under the ecclesiastical state* and Some other
pontificate of Benedict XIV. and which parts of Italy, have heen seyei ely afoccasioned
so many debates that the sected by this calamity, and were it not
Republic was obliged to abolish it, in Sor that happy effect oS navigation and
the- beginning of the pontificate of Cle- commerce, by which the wants of orie
ment AIU.' but the present law i^paffed nation are Supplied by the foperabundat
a period much more favourable to ance of another, famine would have
1 the independency. oSSovereigns. thinnnd the race of mankind in inany pla-
Portugal has afforded but little mare- ces. England, which usually suppli-
. rial in the course of the past year. Whe- ed tbeir neighbours with such immense
ther from some mistaken notion in poli- quantities of grain, and allowed a contics,
or from Some national prejudice,or Siderable bounty on the exportation oil
rWhnteverotherpauSe, is uncertain; but it, has been a sufferer from' the same
Jthe preSent Pripe Minister in th^t.

learned of all the countries in Europej
and which are not interruptnd by the
Squabbles or wars betwefen their respective
states. This gond disposition does
not only add greatly to the advancement
of knowledge and learning, but
will also have a happy effect in wearing
off thofe illiberal prejudices, and inveterate
animosities, with which, to the
misfortune of mankind, they are So apt
to regard all thofe whom they do not
know, apd who do not form a part of
the same particular community, or speak
the fame language with themselves.
This liberal intercourse, togerher with
the continual translation of books from
one language to another, will by degrees
bring mankind in fome measure
acquainted, and it is to be hoped, wear
off a great part of thet hearty ill-will
which they hereto each other as strangers.
St rid attention of tbe Government of
Sweden to prevent Luxury. An
important Law made for enlarging
tbe Liberty of tbt Pre ft in tbdt
Kingdom. Denmark. Great Preparations
making in Rufjia to ob-
Jerve tbe Tranfit of tbe Manet Venus
over tbe Sun : Tbe Emprefs
writes a Letter upon that Subjed
to tbe Academy at Pettrfburgb. Deputies
from all tbe Provincet of tbe
Empire art fummoned to Mofcotu,
to form a new Code of Laws. State
of Affairt in Turkey. Encouragement
given by tbt Grand Seignior,
to introduce tbe Art of Printing in
bis Dominions. Tbe pyratical States
of Barbary refufe to pay tbe ancient
Tribute to tbt Portt. - An Injurreciion
in tbe Provinet of Montenero.
IN Sweden, the. whole attention of
the diet, as well as the Ministry is
directed to the improvement of their
manufactures, the encouragement of
agriculture, and the restriction within
the narrowest limits of every kind of foreign
superfluity. The sumptuary laws,
and these against every species of luxu-
• VOL. XXXV.
For M A Y, 1768. * 46$
ry, are putin execution, without distinction
of age or quality ; and it feems to
be laid down as a maxim,to enforce the
moft rigid private, as well as public
ceconomy.
This principle has been pursued to
the minuted detail, and enforced with
the greatest rigour.
1 ,r,T>
A Counsellor of State, who had neglected
to have a velver herder ftripit
off a cloak, which he hnd wore for many
years, was summoned before the tribunal,
whose province it is to put the
edict against luxury in force, and received
a severe reprimand from those gravh
Judges for the mifdemeanor. A Lady
alSo oS the firft quality, was obliged to
appear heSore the Same tribunal, and
underwent an equal cenSure Sor drinking
a dishoS chocolate in her box at the
play-houfe.
Among theSe regulations, many of
which seem of a trifling nature, cut
has been made of the greateft importance
; a law for enlarging the liberty
of the prefs. By this edict, all perfona
have liberty to write and reason, on aH
subjects in general, and to publish their
opinions. The laws of the kingdom,
their utility, or their bad effects, are
subject todifcuffion and censure. AU
alliances ancient and modern, in which
the kingdom is engaged, and all new
ones which may be hereafter propofed,
or even concluded, are Subject to a free
enquiry, and to have the gond or bed
consequences attending them pointed
out. - . . ... -
In order that the public may receive
the moft authentic information upon all
thefe points, every perfon has a right
to demand, of the different colleges efftablished
for the administration ot public
business, from the senate to the
courts of the lowestjurisoiction, a communication
of the registers or journals*
wherein all their decisions are entered.
The courts are obliged to keep thefe
journals vey correct; and the debates ;
the different opinion upon each subject;
'the decisions in every cause, with the
reafons for them, ace to he inserted.
F f f Any

Ibe M A Q A t l ft B of M A 4 A Z I K E S,
Any person, fo whatsoever o$cC, that
fo fi«nmnpicafo thefo registers,
a>to loSe hi*plac«.
The Senate alone has an exclusive
privilege of not communicating its debates
upo? foreign matters; which it
flaay for a thSS fee requisite to keep secrer.
Every perfon has liberty, during
the feffions of the dier, to make ob-
£ry?tion? .on the debates and refoluri-
4ps of each deputation of the state*,.concerning
any bjufinesa whether general or
fWtigftar, egcept Such as regard the imitate
administration of government;
pay print his observations on the
Object. And fo facilitate a free enquiry
i the King is to get an enact ac-
£opnt gf the Situation of the state in eyery
department, made out and piintr
f4, i.befrjre .the meeting of each diet.
There are however some restrictions,
.which ^ill fulficiently guard against the
JicenUftusheSs of authors. No perSon is
tf> write against the established religion
of the kingdom, nor against the fundamennd
political constitution, nor the
rights of the different orders of the state.
Personal Satires and pasquinades, contra^
jy to the respect due to croWned heads,
pr injurious to the reputation oSprivate
perSons, are strictly forbid.
The printer isordered to insert the
nuthor's name in the title-page of each
|>ook; in which cafe, the author alone
is hable to be brought to an account for
ftpy exceptionable passage; but if the
printer neglects this injunction, he is to
!>e considered as the author, and isanfyrerable
for the book. There is hewcyer,
an exception, that if a writer has
particular reasons for not publishing his
name, bis leaying it in writing with the
printer, to be produced if legally cailnd
i'or, will discharge the latter from all
the copfequences. This liberty, that
is granted to the public, of investigating
the principles upon which their own
>Ufinds is conducted, and of animadverting,
as well upon the acts of the
Senate; as upon thofe of the courts of
justice, .andthe other departments of
the ftate will be fo great a check upon
the conduct of them aU, and attended
with such manifest advantages to the
people, that it require* no comment to
explain them, and is fuCha precedent
as may well deferve the attention of
other states.
. A general spirit of improvement Seems
to regn through die north. The young
King of Denmark appears to fat out
with all these dispositions which can
contribute to make his people happy,
and the state reSpectable.
His Majesty is faid to have a Scheme
in agitation to restore the peasants in
his dominions to Some share of their
natural liberties ; in which if he fucceeda,
he will acquire great honour;
and by granting to the lower, and more
numerous part of his Subjects, the enr
joyment of perfonal freedom, will make
amends to the country sor the loSs of
their political constitution.
The EmpreSs oS Russia still proceeds
pn the Same enlarged and enlightened
plan, which we have had occasion
heretoSore So much to commend. 6he
still continues to cultivate and encourage
the arts and Sciences ; to make
her empire an aSylura to the learned
and ingenious; and to reform the manners,
and instruct the minds of people,
through the extent of its most diftant
provinces.
The transit of the planer Venus oyer
the fun, which is to happen in the summer
of 1769, has added a new opportunity
of shewing as well her munificence,
as the attention she pays to aftronoiny.
This great PrlnceSs wrote a
letter from MofcoW with her own band,
to Count Wolodimer Orlow, director of
the academy of sciences at Petersbourg
; Wherein she desires the academy
to inform her of the moft proper
Places in her dominions for the making
of thefe observations ; with an offer to
Send workmen, kc. and to conftruct
buildings in all thoSe places, which
the academy may think proper for the
purpofe, and to grant every other aSfistance
to the undertaking which it may
require. Shealfc desired, if there was
not'
For M A T ,
not a' Sufficient number of aftrohomers
in the aendemy t6 make observations in
all the places required, fO give her notice,
that she might Send a proper number
of the officers of her marine, to
qualify themfehres, under the eye of
the professors hr the academy, for that
undertaking.
Such is rheejttent of this vast empire,
that the observations which are to be
made, both on the transit and eXit of
thtt plaher, the one in the frozen regions
towards the pole, and the other on the
herders of the Cafpian fta, are to be
made within its own limits; to fonie
part of which, astronomers from every
jfcartf of Europe are preparing to go to
behold that remarkable eveUr.
We obferve With pleasure upon this
oecaston, that English artificers pi eSerVe
the rank they have hitherto held in the
meehahics (ubSeiVtent to this science.
The academy at PeterfherghJias Applied
to a memher of the Royal Society
of London, to procure the necessary inftrunfents
for the ptirpofc of proceeding
ftrccefsfully in that important observation;
Mr. Ramoufky, wfio was the
writer upon this occasion, candidly acknowledges
the great joy of the ac ademy,
and- their Obligations to' Mr. Short,
for procuring them thofe instruments;
and confesses their doubw'of being able
to anfwer the Views of the Emprefs;
'till they had received his letter.
With respect to internal poficy ;• the
EmpreSs of Russia has undertaken a
great" and arduous' talk, and' worthy of
ah- exalted 1 mind. The laws of this
vaft empire were: voluminous'to a dei
gree of the oreateff absurdity, were perplexed,
insufficient, in niany^ cafes contradictory,
and fd loaded with precedents,
reports, cases, and opinions, that
shey afforded an' eternal scene ofalkfcation,
and were scarcely to be recoti*cHed
or underftond by thevery pfofeffors
of them. The particular laws or
the different provinces were also coh*
Hntially interfering and clashing; and
caofed firch confuflon, that the whole
presented atr endlesa Chaos, and effeced
almost eveiy trace of original Syftein or
design.
1
This Augean stable the Emprefs has
determined to clean; so which purpose
she summoned deputies from eVery province
in the empire, to attend her it
Mofcow, there to form an eririre ndW
ende of laws, for the government of
the whole. The fucceil attendingtHik
patriotic attempt, will, we hope', mate
a* part of the subject oFout 1 fusuVe observations.
We have already had an Opportunity
of taking notice of the gond' qualities
of the present Grand Seignior; his'liu*
manity to his brothers, and the perfect
and friendly gond neighbourhood He hi*
observed in all the troubles of Poland^
are much to his honour. He cOhtinuei
to give fresh opportunities of eXtoUinfe
his character, and has in a recent inftance
again departed-froth the rigidpolity
of the Porte, by admitting the
young Prince of.Wallachia, to Succeed
his father in that office. He has had
alfo an opportunity Of shetf ing his fiu'manyy
and benevolence, on occafidu
Of one of his men of war Which oOk
fire in the harbour of Conftantinobftr.
and was the cauSeof agreatmany shipi
belonging to his subjects being consumed.
Upon this occasion, though it wafc
after midnight, he attended in person,
and gave his orders with the greatest
activity, to prevent thd farther dreatfful
effects of the conflagrationj and
gave directions that the. unhappy sufferers
should be paid'their'stiff softer Out
of die treasury.
. But the particular circumstance of
his Use, which they possibly preserve
fib name With great' honour topdlterity,
when even the cruel and ferociou3
Conqne!^ Of his predecessors ate lost iil
Oblivion, iVfhe enaJUfageineHt he ha!)
given fo the introduction Of the art of
printing ih his dominions. He hasalfc
fflheddrdfeft rtir the 'translating of 1 ievefal'of
the moft' Valtiable bboks frbiri
the Eusolleah lknguages into the Turkish.
It Wilt not require the aid : of 4
very wahtiimfrgihatfoh, in fbme degree
F f f z to

4I 2 The MAGAZINE - of M AO A ZIN-ES,
to conceive; the great revolutions in the
manners Of the people, and in the policy
of the (late, u^iich the introduction
of learning into that mighty empire
might probably Occasion. Upon the
whole, this Prince's reign has been hitherto
parked with a lenity, gentlenefs,
and equiry, which have been 'till now
but litde experienced under the Ottoman
line.
. The piratical states of Barbary have
' entirely thrown off that dependence
which, ever Since the days of the Samous
Barbaroffa, Sor above two hundred
years, they have had on the Turkish
empire. A Seraskier, who was
Sent by the Porte to Algiers, to demand
twenty years tribute, which was then
due, was anSwered, by the Dey, that
he was firmly resolved, not only to refufe
to discharge the arrear, but alSo to
Sty any tribute for the Suture: That
e states of Algiers was absolutely free
and independent of the Porte; that it
{fond in no need of the Porte's protection
; and that he, the Seraskier, might
return to Constantinople with that aniwer.
Tlje Seraskier, was not more
fortunate in the execution of his comjnission
to the reft of thole dates, on
each of whom he had demands of the
fame nature, and received anfwers from
them all nearly to the same purpofe.
We do not fipd thet the Porte hes take"
any meafures in conSequenceof this refyfat,
either to enforce the demand, or
to refent the contempt shewn to its authority;
nor is it probable that the present
date of its marine will admit of
fych an attempt. ,
In a government conflicted like shis,
It is not eafy to say what effects, cause?,
even p appearance the moft.trifling,
may prnduce. Many fymplbras of
weakneSs manifest: themselves in this
Seat empire. A Prince of Georgia
is been capable of givinjg it a considerable
alarm. The piratical states of
Barbara do not think it worth while,
as we nave Seen, to purchaSe its protection.
An insurrection oS peasants
p a frontier province, which would in
fome countries be little more than an
object of police,may have there serious
consequences oh the stare.
An insurrection of this kind has happened
this year in the province of Montenero,
which is tributary to the Grand
Seignior, but which borders upon the
Venetian Dalmatia. The country is
rough, mountainous, and in a great
meafure inaccessible; the inhabitants
partake oS the nature oS the Soil and
Situation, and are rude, Serooious, and
warlike. TheSe people are of the Greek
religion; and though they have at different
times paid tribute, both to the
Turks and Venetians, yet from their
(hnatiop and other circumftance?, they
have escaped the total ftateof subjection
and servitude, to which the neighbouring
poffeffors of a happier foil, and
pore accessible country, were subject.
A foreigner, who exercised the prOr
session of a Physician, and went by the
name of Stesano, has for fome time
resided amongft these people. This adventurer,
\vho is described to be a man
of sine figure and great address, taking
advantage of their ignorance, and of a
violent attachment, which from religion
and fome former benefits they heve to
the Muscovite name and nation, has
publicly declared himself to be the Czar
Peter the Illd; and pretends that the
report of his death was designedly spread
at the time by his friends, to favour his
escape, which he happily effected.
Under the savour of this name, and
by the alliftance of the Caloyers (Greek
Monks) who hare warmly seconded his
pretences, and who have a great influ-r
ence over the inhabitants, he has get
himSelf received and acknowledged as
the Czar, not only by the people, but
by the Bishop and all the other orders;
and is said to be already at the head of
fome thousand foldiers.
This adventurer is said, though probably
without foundation, as it is usual
to magnify such matters, to have money
in great plenry, and to diftribute it
among the foldiers with the utmoft profusion.
The province contains, it is

Said, 30,000 men able to bear arms.
This affait not only giving Some alarm
to the Porte, but also to the states of
Venice, their troops in Dalmatia have.
been ordered to assemble upon the frontiers,
under the command of a General.
After all, it is probable that this insurrection
will not be attended with
any other consequences, than its being
a fresh instance of the ease with which
a daring impostor may for a short time
delnde an igeorant people, and of the
almost certain destruction to the undertaker
which finally concludes the attempt.
This is not a suitable period
of time for the rivival of counterfeit
Demetrius's; nor (fould they now set
capital cities in flames, lay nations waste,
and wade through torrents of blond as
heretofore.
State of Affairs in Poland. Original
Caitfes of the late Difputes. Ancient
State of thai Country. Converfion
to the Chriftian Religion. Accejfion
of the great Dutehy of Lithuania
and other Provinces to tbe Kingdom
of Poland. Ancient Stale of tbe
Conflitution, of Re'igion, He. Remarkable
law paffed by Sigifmund
Auguflus, in Favour of Chri/iians
of all Denominations. Pinal Union
of tbe Kingdom of Poland and tbe
great Dutehy of Lithuania. The
Kingdom modelled into a Republic,
upon tbe Dentb of Sigifaund Auguflus.
• Tbe firft Diet of the Republic.
A perpetual Peace agreed
upon between tbe Difjtdtnts. Tbe
original meaning of that Term.
THOUGH we gave a short sketch
in our laft volume, of the causes
of dispute that suhsifted between the
Roman Catholic and Dissident parties
in the kingdom of Poland, yet as thefe
diSputes have become every day since
more imere&ing, both in reSpect oS the
consequences to the parties principally
concerned, and of the high powers who
are mediators on the occasion; we imagine
a clear but concise account of the
nature and origin of them will not be
unacceptable to many of our readers.
For M A Y, 1768. 4«3
Poland, properly fo called, was originally
circumscribed within very narrow
bounds; the inhabitants, hetween
the and loth ceifturies, were cooverted
to the Chriftian religion, as it
was then prpfeffed by the Church .of
Rome. About the fame time a conversion
w as begun in many oS the neighbouring
provinces, which were then independent
states, and who at different
aeras embraced the Chriftian religion according
to the Greek rnnde of worship.
In process of time many of these neighbouring
states, by conqueft, by right
of succession, by marriage, or by compact,
became united to the kingdom of
Poland; upon all which accessions the
new provinces wereupon an exact equality
with the old in every respect, and
each observed their own particular
modes of worship.
The greateft and moft reparkable of
thefe accessions, was that .
which took place upon the An0 °
marriage of JageUon, great Duke of
Lithuania, to the daughter and heirefa
of Lewis King of Poland. By this marrlage
the great dutehy of Lithuania,
together with the provinces of White
Russia, Podlachia, Volhinia, Podolia.
and soon afterwards Red Russia, became
annexed to the kingdom of Poland ;
with this distinction, that the union between
the kingdom and the great dutehy,
depended only upon the continuance
of the Jagellonic line ; that family
being the natural Sovereigns oS Lithuania.
The inhabitants of all these
provinces were of the Greek religion,
as well as those of Moldavia,Wallacbia,
and the Ukraine, which were added to
the kingdom by the fucceffors of Jagellon;
fo that by thefe great accessions,
the members of the Greek church hecame
at that time vastly superior, both
in numbers and power, to those of the
Roman Catholic persuasion. It seemed
a felicity peculiar to Poland, that this
difference of opinion in religious matters,
between the members of the same
nation, had prnduced none of those ill
consequences, those anintofities and dispute*.

4*4
Tbe MAGAZINE OF MAGAZINES
pates, which Other cOtPtrles had so fatally
experienced front tbe Same can Sea.
it- it to he obServed that (he constitution
of Poland was originally very different
from whet it is at present. While
he* Kings succeeded to the kingdom by
hereditary- right, she had no share of
thee boMffiedhberty,which she has aspired
to, since by tbe extinctionof
Anno the Jagellonic line, in the person
of Sigifmund Augustus, ffife
has affuined the form of a republic,
and made the crown entirely elective.
Under the Kings of the Jagtllonic,
as Well as the more ancient races,
Ae inferior Nobility had no power; the
prerogatives of royalty were almost the
earty legislative power, and formed the
code st tews. To give an exact idea,
how much the liberty of the Nobiliry
was limited, it is sufficient to remark,
that the security ef their persons was
aet. allowed them, but by a privilege
from Jagellon, by which he promised
that no' perfon should be imprifoned,
he had been convicted of fome
crime by a coort of jndicattrriJP l
Upon occasion of the difturl
which were Caused by the Huffifes, in
lolerunany sad Bohemia, Uladissans JageBoe,
who was brother-in-law to the
Emperor Sigifmund, cauf-
Aoao 1424. ed fome sanguinary laws
to he paffed m Poland, to
prevent the introduction of .these doctrines,,
considered as heresies, into his
dominions. At this perind, and for many
years after, the epifcopal courts hnd
great powers, which proved very uncafy
to the Polish Nobility, and kept
them in fome respects in a kind of servitude
i as excommunications divestnd

416 The M A G A Z I N E of MAGAZINES
bound to Swear, thet he will maintain
the peace among the Dissidents in point
of religion." In the constitutions of the
fame dier, are the following remarkable
stipulations: '* We all engage in our
own names, and in the names of our
successors for ever, by the obligations
of our. oath, of our faith, of our honour,
and of our confciences, to preserve
peace among us who are Diffi-^
dentj in religion ; to shed no blond,
sor to inflict on any one the penalties
of confiscation of gonds, -defamation,
imprifonmenr, or exile, on account of
the difference of our faith, and rites in
our churches. More than that, if any
oqe should undertake, for the above
reafon, to shed the blood of his fellowcitizens,
we should be all obliged to
oppose him, even though he should shelter
himself under the pretext of a decree,
or any other judicial proceeding."
It would not be easy to produce instances
of equal mnderation in matters
of religion, amongst a people, who differed
fo widely in their opinions on that
head, as thefe we heve shewn ; especially
if it be considered that thefe constitutions
were passed by a fierce and
warlike nobiliry, each of whom was not
only a member of the general sovereignty,
which they had just taken into
their own hends; but also looked upon
himself in his own particular right,
as in fome degree a sovereign, as far
as his estate and power extended. We "
shall pay the greater regard to the memory
of thefe iliuftrious Poles, if we
reflect that the age they lived in was far
from being a temperate one, and that
mnderation was but little cultivated in
the moft civilized and bed regulated
governments in Europe ; at the fame .
ripe it cannot he sufficiently lamented
thet their pofterity should fo fatally lose
sight of the politic, humane, and noble
precedent, thet were set them by their
farheis.
These whe have not confidered thet
perverse disposition, by which aimoft i
every denomination of mankind would
endeavour to plunder, enslave and per-.'
focute every other part of their own
species ; and who heve not observed
that words can always be found, when
attended with power, to explain away
the moft explicit sense, and the moft indubitable
rights; may well he surprized
how a law fo solemnly paffed, and
fo useful to the whole community
could be rendered fruitless. A law,
sanctified by the moft solemn acts, which
the framers bound themselves and their
pofterity by the moft saered oaths to
preserve inviolable to all futurity, which
formed a principal part of the conftitution
of the ftate, and which every King
at his accellion was fworn to observe.
Yet this law, without any material
change, much less a subversion of the
conftitution of the country, has been
manifeftly broken through; while three
of the religious, which formed the original
compact, have been spoiled of
their rights, liberties and immunities,
by the fourth ; and all this outrage and
wrong committed under colour and
sanction of tbe very laws they were
tearing to pieces at the inftant.
[To be continued.]
A Letter to tbe Right Hon. Wills, Earl
of Hilllborougb, on tbe Conned ion
between Great Britain and ber American
Colonies, by Geo. Canning,
of the Middle Temple, Efq.
•A—m: — nifi paret,
Imperat. Hon.
O U R author in his intrnduction
makes fome compliments to the
personage to whem he addreffes his letter,
which we shall pafs over, but mull
not omit the reafon he offers for this undertaking;
viz. because many men may
lend a patient ear to private radon,which
offers ,it self with the conciliating air of
equality, who revolt at once from the
authority of parliamentary decision;
and it is surely more eligible to convince
than to compel. The particulars be
hes reduced to two queftions; firft, the
rights of the legislature of Great Britain
to impose taxes upon the American
colonies f

: for M A
Y, 1768. 417
colonies; the Other relative to the ex- payment of (eo nomine) Taxes,
pediency of exercising such right in the ever think it expedient, if he be satisfi-
prefent conjuncture. These feetn to ed of his right, to lighten his own bur-
the author, in many points of view, fo den, by laying a part of it on American!
clofely, and, " I may fay, cunning- shoulders; an idea of expediency, to
ly, interwoven together, that the fame which the spirited colonist Can neve/
thread of argument suits the texture of SubScrihe, while hepreterves thai deboth.
Though the division, therefore, Sire, So natural to man, of ctiuflng ra-
be clear, I profefs not to treat them alther to diSpoSe of his property himfelf,
ways as separate, hut to blend, or di- than Suffer it to be at the disposal of anstinguish,
as occasion may require. other.
At the head of that army, which os- The right, however, opens a mo?*
tensibly ranges itself under the banners ample Add of argument; the reaf(tafa£
of liberty, there proudly steps forth a on it is more abstracted, and comes not
gigantic phantom, plumed with the ar- home fo foon or So clofely to the indirogance
of imaginary vigour, who hurls vidual. I can well conceive the En-
defiance again ft all oppOnents, hinffelf glishman, upon general theatrical noti-
truly invulnerable, because a mere gobeons of liberty, to whose cause he is
lin of air, I mean the monftrous idea always fo warmly attached, upon poti-
of a virtual reprejentation. Grant ons of equality amongst all the forts of
this phantom; for one moment, a pof- men, very fine in speculation, and ver£
sible existence,and he militates equally, false in fact. I can conceive him, J[
in the prefent conteft, Sor Great Bri- fay, on the naked question of right, to
tain, and her colonies. If he makes but be led away by plausible and concilia*
one ftepfrom Manchester to London, tpry propositions, pressed much more
he may as easily ftride Colossus-like a- ftrongly upon his heart than his head,
crosa the Atlantic. If any one town in offered, not to the man's reafon, but
England he but virtually represented, rather to the man, rendered pleasingly
her colonies have surely no gond caufe insiduous by compliments artfulsy paid
to murmur, if they be included within to the glorious struggles qf Englishmen
the same predicament. So that all the iq all ages for liberty ; I cap conceive
boaftnd reasoning that eloquence has hitn So enrap uted with this Duleinea
drawn from the strange proposition of a of his imagination, as to fpcrifice his
virtual representation labours obviously fenfes at her visionary shrine, and
under the fatal objection of proving too While he combats aerial caftles for her
much i a fatality attendant upon honour, to deSert his patrimony, and
almoft every argument worth a mo- abdicate hi thirthright.—But, my
ment's consideration, which the advo- Lord, I ask pardon ; I had forgot that
cates of America have lately adduced. my Englishman was a man of calmnefa
Suppofe, my Lord, two Sober and and gond fenfp. He lets a just and
Sensible men, tne one an Englishman, true value on his birthright; and altho*
the other a colonist, Sat down to reafon not absolutely predetermined on the
together, cooly and deliberately, on question, re Solves to be on his guard
the popular subject of an American tax- againft tbe Sophistry of his antagonist,
ation by a British legislature. As to whose interest he lees deeply concern-
the point of expediency, it is pretty clear, ed in the issue.
I think, and certain, they can never But, before the two champions enter
agree. Waving other considerations, the lifts of debate, give me leave to
this single bar to harmony will keep ' shew that, in the topic of right, a» I
v
them always at variance; namely, the have already endeavoured to demon-
gond Englishman, with all his generosiftrate that they may agree, by the Brity,
having a rooted aversion to the ton's attachment to the Siren Song of
VOL. XXXV.
G g g false

418 The MAGAZINE ®/ MAGAZINES,
false liberty, So their sentiments may sense, Supported by a general informal
likewise be brought to coincide, by a tion as to facts, and a tolerable insight
concession of the right on the part of the into the topics of argument. To make
colonist. But such concession would he them men, each must have his foible:
temporary and delusive, not flowing it shall be an amiable one, and the fame
from conviction, but extorted by fear, in both—namely, a tender predilection
The power of Great Britain might just- for the countries which respectively gave
ly alarm: opposition, it might be ap- them birth, implanted deeply by nature
prehended, would irritate and inflame: in the bosom of each, and branching
dn insolent or obstinate denial of the out imperceptibly under cover of their
right might provoke a sudden exertion reasonings, but not with such preffure
of power to enforce it. Policy would as to diminish their force.
Suggest that the Self-same arguments, It is not my intent to frame a reguwhich
at this day Support colonical in- lar colloquy, or to embarraSs the diSdependence,
might be urged with Sar courSe by marking precisely every angreater
Security and efficacy, when their Swer and reply. Let us Suppose the
numbers are become double, and when first forms of diSputation adjusted ; let
their wealth is augmented in, perhaps, us paSs over each previous question in
a tenSold proportion, chiefly by means silence; let us endeavour, as Soon as
of the fupineness oS Great Britain, in may be, to lay hold on the point. It
resting Satisfied with empty declarations is urged by the American with great
of one of her moft important and effen- plaunbility, and with a glow of elotial
rights; which, if not speedily and quence, which even the semblance of
efficiently afferted, will soon found as liberty always inspires (but which, to
ridiculous, as the Cham of Tartary's avoid the tranfgression of epiftolary liacious
permission to the potentates of inks, it is my duty roreftrain) that man
S
e earth to fit down to their dinners. has no native superiority over man ;
Thus, I say, my Lord, it is possible that, not only by virtue of the moftexthat,
on the topic of right, the Briton press and particular stipulations, anEnand
the colonift may fmoke the calumet glishman can claim no superiority over
of peace: with only this difference re- an American, except that of a father
specting their motives — that, if the over a son at full age, which, if ciragreement
arises from the Britons's ac- omittances are easy *, amounts to noceding
to the Sentiments of the colonift, thing more than a claim of honour and
and difclauning his supremacy as incom- respect; that such homage the Ameri-
.patible with freedom, he acts from the cans are very willing to pay; that in
benevolent simplicity oS his heart, and the payment of such homage they have
the coincidence of opinion is cordial never yet been deficient; that they
and Sincere. If this agreeable concur- hate proceeded much farther, and, as
renCe, on the other hand, should spring became children zealously devoted to
from a concession on the part of the their duly, have lavished their blond
American, such acquiefcence is politic, and treasure in the quarrels of that patemporary,
and delusive, calculated renr, who now Seeks to oppress them;
* merely to amuse, and ftifpend the dread- that they are ftill ready to expend their
ed exertion of power, 'till ftrength be treasure to the last mite, and their blond
acquired to support argument with force, to the laft drop, in defence and support
But my two sober diSputants, whom, oS the rights oS their parent; but that,
as m£n of my own creation, Ihave a while they remain free, the mnde of
right to model according to my fancy, exertion muft be left to themSelvcs;
shall bring no other weapon into the that they theniSelves are the only cornfield
oS ratiocination than plain good petent judges of the ftrengrh of their
' own
• Easy, I mean on the part tf the father.

ffnews; that thry are free-hern Britons,
as the descendants of Britons, and have
sever yet forfeited or impaired their title
to the glorious immunities and privileges
of their ancestors, but by the wbele
tenor of their conduct have rather
strengthened their claim; that the volatile
Spirit of English liberty transfuses
its sacred flame through every remotest
branch of the empire of Great Britain;
that property is inviolable under the influence
of that spirit; that an exertion
of money from the meanest individual
by colour of law would be such a fatal
violation of property, as must wound
the very vitals of the whole collective ,
fystem ; that such extortion means nothing
more than a taking of it from the
individual, without his express or implied,
without his actual, or at least
his virtual consent; that external prohibitions
or restrictions upon commerce
may be vindicated by the extent of the
naval power of Great Britain, by her
confeffediy paramount dominion at ft a,
but that internal taxation rests on a quite
different balls; that the levying taxes
in America by the fole authority of a
British legifiature, whereof America constitutes
not one fingle member, would
be the grossest violation of American
property ; that taxation and representation
mult ever go hand in hand ; that .
all the inhabitants in Britain are either
actually or virtually represented in the
Brirish senate, but not one finale inhabitant
of America bears, as an American,
the minutest part in either such
1 actual or virtual representation; that
the colonies in fact have assemblies of
their own, constituted in every respect
like British Parliament, and fully adequate
to every purpose of taxation amongst
themselves; that those affemblies
are the only power which can or ought
to tax them; that thefe principles and
sentiments are not the luxuriant growth
of American opulence and wantonnefs,
n °w tactioufly aiming at a novel independence,
but were imported from
Great Britain by their British ancestors,
whe brought along with them into thofe
inhospitable wilds the spirit of the law*
and constitution of their country, which'
have been at various times, then and
since, confirmed to them, by the fame*
high sanction, which stamps the FIAT '
on every British act of Parliament,namely,
by tbe crown of Great Britain.
I hope, my Lord, I bave not been a
niggard to my colonift: if his beft reasoning
proves defective, he muft blame
the weaknefs oShis cauSe : iSI have not
placcd it in its fulleSt light, it was no
error of intention: if I have been deficient
in my represqntation pf it, I muft
take shame :o the imbecility of my own
understanding, which, I fairly acknowledge,
did for fome time acquiesce under
the weight of those very arguments,
which I now have urged freely, though
concisely, for him. Attention and deliberation
have changed my opinion:
and, to vary my stile, and throw off
the aukwardnefs of a dialogue in the
third perfon, I will proceed to urge my
Englishman's anfwer as my own.
Would to God that all mankind enjoyed
freedom and happiness,; in the
higheft, moft perfect, and permanent
degree J Would to Gnd there were no
pain, or other evil in the world!—But
how vain are such wishes! How futile
are the dreams of the philosopher in his
study, where he creates worlds by bis
fapcy, and models syftems by his caprice—for
reafon, abstracted from fact •
and experience, will always degenerate
into fancy and caprice. How long did
the natural world lie enveloped in darkness,
while hypothesis was deifietf, and
experiment defpiSed! while tbe reins
hung looSe about the neck of reason,
and fact was trampled upon, as unwor—>
thy of regard!—Reafoning a priori is
in every respect as false, and leads as
certainly to error, in the moral, and poli
ical, as it is now universally confessed
that it did, for a series of ages, in the
natural world. There are, indeed, in
ethics„ as well as in physics, and likewise
in politics, as well as in both, certain
grand firll principles, which serve
as polar ftars, to give light and directi-
G g g 2 no

420 7be M A 6 A 7 I N B of MAGAZINES,
on for the difotferyof the true system: at leaft an oftenfible practice of duty;
bin, tho' we take ti lem as guides, they but by binding their hands, to secure
ate Wy no means the fources from whence the parent from a repetition of outrage.
our reasonings should flow. The ten- Thus, I truft, it will clearly and readidency
of argument should he upwards ly be granted, that no colony can ever
to them from facts, not downwards from pretend to a greater proporrion of liber-
them to random. The rays of ratiocity, than the country (rom which it denation
.should arife Severally Srom the rives exittence enjoys, While it continues
Scattered hiultitude of experiments, and to profcfs a duty to that country; and
then in their progrefs converge to a that every colony is liable, by a grofs
point: but, if they are forcnd absurdly and flagrant abufe of indulgence, to a
to dart from that point towards Which reduction below the fixed iftandard of
they should tend, diverging through their liberty, as primarily and constitutional-
whole Course, they will dissipate their ly erected by law.
luitre, nor preserve sufficient rndiance, I am well aware that, on a larger Scale
when they nave reached the sphere of of abftract reasoning, all men are at all
Teality, to elueidete a single fact which times univerfally free—But the laws of
experience offers to our view.—Such nature are applicable only to its state.
has been the fate of all Hypothetical, Its ftate, and its laws have been found
Platonic, and Utopian systems | such alike inconvenient. Mankind, in exact
must ever he their fate, 'till man ad- proportion to their civilization, over the
vances to perfection-" a period,- indeed, whole face of the earth, have abrogated
moft devoutly fo be wished ; but, if we both, and fubftituted others at discreti-
may jndge from the paft, and, I fear on in their room. The particular exi-
I may add with ftrict troth, from the gencies of every Society, as from time t6
prefent, not likely to be accomplished, time they arose, and the operation of
at least in our rime.
thofe exigencies upon the ge.rius, spirit,
The subordination of colonies, where- and temper of the major part of the
ever planted, to their mother country, members of every such fociefy, or, if
is as univerfally atknowlodgcd, as it is not democrafical, upon its leading man,
variously defined To argue from ex- or leading men, have given occasion to
perience, aa well as from reason, we the framing of particular ordinances,
muft presume that every such eftablish- which are fo many encroachments on,
ed subordination partakes in nature, as or at leaft restrictions of, this universal
well as in degree, of the conftitution of law of nature, and upon their multipli-
thet particular country, from which the cation have fwelled to a endf, which
colony that owns it took its rife. The becomes the municipal law of the coun-
colonies of monarchical and ariftoeratitry, and gives equally the tone to its
cal deSporiSm, will in vain sigh for free- conftitution, and its manners. It is
dom, wWfle they pay homage to their thuB, in effect, that every political state
parent j the colonies of every popular, has been gradually formed. Mankind
mixnd, and free government, preserv- nevfcr met in an oecumenical assembly,
ing their duty, have a right to he free. either collectively in their persons, or
A sudden fit of phrenty, theugh miS- virtually by their representatives^ make
chievous, may he pardoned. But should at once a grand division of the lands of
Such free colonies, with deliberation the earth, and by such Agrarian law to
and perseverance,,make riotous, tumul- affix permanent boundaries to each retuous,
or rebellious opposition to the lespective natron, within which its postegal
appointments of that power whence rity should he Sor ever incloSed. Nor
they sprung, it might become necessary, have the legal constitutions, any more
perhaps, not only to reduce them, by than the legAl limits, oS the Several na-
compulsory mealures, to a juft sense, or tions, been Settled at one sera, and con'
firmed

FER M A Y, 1768.
firmed by the sanction of univerfal af- tion may be, every heir is the actual
Sent. Both are in fact, always have representative of bis ancestors, as hit
been, in every part subject to perpetual ancestors were by anticipation the refluctuation.
As they stand at the pre- . prefentatives of him. This is a reprefent
moment, it is both our moral duty, sentation formed by nature herself As
and our interest, to pay them reSpect tbe heir is undoubtedly a part of his an-
and obedience; though we know that ceftors, thefe anceftors were reciprocal-
even at the very next moment, they are ly fo many parts of the heir: as tbey
iable to every possible alteration, from were his representatives, he is heund by
bat Supreme legislative power, which their acts; as he is their representative,
ias gradually gained pre-eminence and he is bound to fulfil their engagements. -
ifcendancy, and must be omnipotent in To apply to die subject matter this
every state. Were all human Society political doctrine, which I hold to be
by some Sudden stroke diffolved, and that of common sense and experience—
men thereby leSt free to form ne a asso- for I entirely wave the authority of
ciations, during such interregnum the great names, nnd will as confidendy
law of nature would rule. But 'till that undertake to support right reafon, found
event happens, it behoves us to fubuiit policy and truth, againft a LOCKE, aa
o the regulations of that country, where against a FII.MER ; however conscious
are chufe or chance to refide, as we find of the weakness of my own abilities,
thoSe regulations already established. however respectable I think tbe one,
Reformation, where requifite, muft be however contemptible I think the other,
of gradual growth, and abuSes, as they of those two jarring names.—
arise, be removed by degrees. The To apply, I say, to the subject mat-
upreme legislature alone can be the reter this political doctrine, I will only
former of political evils. Individuals beg permission to ask a few questions,
nay address, reinonftrate, and complain; and leave the anfwers ard their conse-
but are bound to ohey, 'till the Supreme quences to candour and common sense.
power grants redress. An establishment —Are not the British colonists in Ame-
jf gradual rife is certainly much firmer, rica the descendants of British anceftors,
ind probably more juft, than one of nnd is not this poftulatum the very:
Sudden creation, however generally aS- foundation, upon which they lay claim'
Scnted to: because the Same authority to the immunities of Britons? Can the-
that has paffed an act, can as readily descendants of British anceftors, merely
repeal it; but where time is an ingre- as being fo descended, arrogate to
dient in the composition of its force, themselves, by any colour of right, a
time fhould likewise conspire to work greater proportion of freedom,than those
its diffolution. Few men are born to very anceftors actually enjoyed, or than^
new-model governments: all, pre hern fuch of the pofterity of thofe very an- '
within the sphere of fome. particular ceftors, as remain in Great Britain, now
form, to which they are morally oblig- actually enjoy? Had any one of those'
ed to yield homage and obedience. The ancestors, under whom they derive their-
freedom of every man, hern in the lap claim, the least: share in confrituting thac
a community, is by no means "an ab- legislature, whose Supremacy he was
solute, uneft rained, Savage freedom ; bound in all things to ohey, unless as
hut limi ed by, and amenable to, the a Sreeholder of lands and tenements in
laws of that community, wherein he, Great Britain, or as a freeman of fome
drew his firft breath, and afterwards to' corporate town within the realm ? Have -
she laws of such other communities, the pofl erry of those anceftors, still re-
iraongft whom he may happen from maining in Britain, any share in consti-
time to time to reside. However shatuting the supreme legislature, nnlefs as
lowy the idea of a virtual representa- Such freeholders, or as Such freemen f •
Have

30 The MAGAZINE ®/ MAGAZINES,
Have the major part of the inhabitants
of Great Britain any actual share in constituting
the .supreme legislature ? Are
not all, hewever, bound to obey its
power, equally with thofe who are its
actual constituents ? Will the colonists,
by obeying the legislature of Britain, be
one jot lels free than thofe of her sons
who have no share in constituting
it? Have the moneyed men of Great
Britain, merely as moneyed men, the
copyholders, as copyholders, or leffees
for years, as leffees for years, the least
share in constituting the supreme legislature,
any more than the colonists
heve, as colonists? May not all thofe
persons, however, by becoming freehelders
of lands and tenements, or freemen
of corporations within the lealm of
Great Britain, acquire a right to be constituents
of the legislature, and may not
the colonists acquire the same right,
precifely by the lame means ? Are not
xeprefenta'ive and constituent relative
terms? Can I have a representative,
traleSsl am a constituent ? Though poS-
Seffed oS every million accumulated in
the Sunds, tho' tenant by copy of all the
lands in England which are held by Such
tenure, though leffee Sor a term offiinery-nine
years of every acre which may
he fo lett, am I, in consequence of such
an immense mass of property, a constituent
of the legislature in the minutest
degree? Fiave I a representative? Yet
do-1 not pay taxes? Do taxation and
representation then go hand in hand ?
Am I not taxed by the legislature, tho'
1 have no representative ? Is not then
the boafted inseparable alliance between
taxation and representation founded on
fiction, and overthrown by tact? Are
not taxation and legislation the truly in-
Separable allies ? Do not the colonists
acquiefce under restrictions upon their
commerce, and a levying oS Such duties
as they call external taxes, by the Sole
authority of the British legislature? Can
common senSe find a difference, except
in the name, betweeen external and internal
taxation ? Are nor Such commoditles
as nay liein a cheft on to.ird'thc
vessel of an American trader, as much
his property as the money in his purSe ?
Does it require a greater stretch of the
arm of civil power to take a shilling from
the one than an ounce from the other ?
Should I not seel as sensibly the lofs of
ray cash, if taken from my agent, my
factor, or my servant, as if taken immediately,
from my own proper perfon ?
—Can those boasted charters, by virtue
whereof the several colonies claim '
a royal exemption from Parliamentary S
authority, operate one degree -farther
than the charters granted by. the crown
to the several corporations within the
realm of Great Britain ? Are not the
privileges of each entirely confined to
the making of byO-laws, and the raising
of the dudes within themselves, to anfwer
their own private purposes refpec- -
tively, abstracted such exigencies as regard
the whole public weal? Did the
crown in fact mean to grant thepi larger
powers, had it meaned fo to do ? Can
the crown place a single subject of the
realm beyond the reach of the legislature
of Great Britain ?—If I, as a moneyed
man, copyholder, or leffee, havine
no right to vote in the election of a
Member of Parliament, am yet virtually
represented by such persons as are
chosen witheut ray concurrence, do not
the colonics fall equally within the imagined
line of such virtual representation ?
Or if, (as the cafe really stands) I am
taxed bv the sole authority of all-ruling
legislation, without my having the shadow
of a representative in Parliament,
shall I tamely submit to the payment of
such taxes, which is levied without, that
is, against my consent, and shall ray
.American cousin murmur at bowing before
the fame awful fceptre, which is
fwayed constitutionally by the hand of
supreme power over all the kinfinen indiscriminately
in the mother country?
,1 muft ask your Lordship's pardon,
if on some of the topics I have been too
diffusive, on others too concise. Yet
to you, my Lord, I should apologize
only for tediousuefs, brevity cannot own
stand

For M A
stand in need of an excuse ; for, by
neither could I hope to give your Lordship
information, by one I must certainly
intrude on your time. But, in
truth, though I have chesen to addrefs
myself to your Lordship, I have had it
in view to write for the people. A good
and free people are always worthy of
conviction, and conviction may flow
from the honesteft pen. My aim,however,
has rather been to put the gond
sense of the public upon the true (cent
O: the . argument, than to presume to
hunt down the game for them myself.
I cannot conclude, without retouching
a point, which I have as yet barely
glanced at, but which deserves the most
mature and moft folid attention ; I mean
the necessity of enforcing the right of
the Supreme legiflatureto Srame moneybills,
as well P.S other laws, Sor America,
upon the primary grand principle,
the cardinal law of nature, [elf preservation.
It grieves me to consider the
interests of Britain in a light oS opposition
to thoSe oS her colonies; but the
colonies themSelvesextort the distinction.
Are they not at this moment taking
every harsh meaSure, by conventions,
combinations, provincial compacts,
and lawlef3 associations — I had
almost added, by solemn leagues and
covenants, to distress our manufactures,
and set up an avowed independence
for themselves ? and this is too at
a tinse when they have juft received the
tendered proofs of paternal indulgence!
—Is this their duty ? this their affection
? — Is it not rivalship and opposition
in the moft rancorous degree.
If there can be found an Englishman,
fo unnaturally diSaffected to the country
thatgave him birth, a* to applaud
thoSe efforts, which aim shafts at her
vitals, as to cry out enthusiaftically,
Hot utinam biter
Ileroas tin turn tollus me nova tulli-
[et!
In the name of Gnd let him fly there :
what ftops his migration ? Let him fettle
amongft his favourites ; let him dwell
Y, 1768. ' 4*3
with his elect. But while he lives in
Old England, it is his intereft,. nay
more, it is his duty, to view every thing
through the medium of her welfare and
prosperity, and not to feek for new
lights in a new quatter of the globe.
One objection is urgnd by foine wellmeaning
people, which I had like to
have passed over, as from its futility
scarce meriting a serious refutation ;
but, as I recollect to have heard it more
than once much insisted on by men of
good hearts, though but weak understandings,
I will give it an anfwer.
Such men I shall ever be ftudious to let
right, to the best of my poor ability and
information, while fophiftry deserves
only to be detected and despised. The
objection is this, " That the colonifts
must either be freemen or flaves ; that
no medium can be found between freedom
and slavery ; and, consequently,
that if dependence be enforced in the
leaft d egree, the Chains of slavery are
rivetted about their necks." This plea
refts solely on the infirm basis of a false
proposition; which once overturned,
the superstructure is demolished. Freedom
is by no means an absolute idea,
but clearly susceptible of diminution
and increase; or, as the Logician!
would phrase it: libertas recipit magis
et minus. To inftance at once in
our own happy constitutionSince the
late solemn judicial condemnation of
general warrants, we are certainly become
a freer people than we were before
; yet it will scarcely follow that
such condemnation formed the glorious
sera of British liberty, and that till that
propitious moment every Britain was a
slave. , ,
Let not the generous friends of freedom
entertain an apprehension that they
revolt frond the caufe, in reducing
within the legal bounds of their ancien:
duty these mock-champions of liberty,
who plead exemption from the authority
of a popular legislature, by a royal
diploma, by a FIAT of one man ;
who in the fame breath contend for a
licentious emancipation from constitutional

424 The MAGAZINE ®/ MAGAZINES,
ail government, and proclaim themfelves
charter-formed creatures of the
csown!
Great Britain oan never be otherwife
respectable, than as a centre of
power,, be the circumstances of her dominion
ever fo widely extendnd. Aut
Cajar aut nullus should be this island's
motto. It is by strength of constitution,
and policy of law, that we have
risen above the gulph we were plunged
into by nature, and can no longer be
treated with contemptuous neglect, no
longer he pointed at as outcasts of the
world, as miserable herderers on the
ultima Tbule, as penitus to to Aivifos
trieBritannos. Our liberty we owe
to the virtue of our anceftors, our em
pi re muft be maintained by the virtue
of ourselves. Nay, even onr very liberty
muft fall with our empire, and I
hope our exiftence will not outlaft our
liberty. We have gloriously defended
it againft the open affaults of foreign
enemies, againft the undermining arts
of domeftic traitors. And shall we
tamely and pufillanimoufly Suffer it to
be wrefted from us, by a long-cherished,
ungrateful, refractory offspring ?
That we have right tc Support us has,
I truft, heen demonstrated; that
we heve power ro enSorce it, we fed
and tbey know. And shall we hesitate
forever upon petty scruples of expedience
? ——Will not obftinacy gather
strength from continued indulgence ?
Does not the offspring of America increaSe
every dry ? Does not every day
add to the number oS lier Sons by a-
^option ? Does not the vigour of every
ountry Spring immediately from its population
? Do not Sreedom and independence
give Sinews to that vigour ?
Are the children of Great Britain multiplied
in proportion ? Are her naturalized
renegadoes Srom Afia, Africa and
the continent, at all comparable, « militants
for a free constitution, to the
genuine nurfelings of the ISLANDS of
X»IBBRTY, who migrate to America
by hundreds every ) eir? Have we
J 1
purchased Canada at the expence of
our best blond and treasure, to serve a«
a forge to prepare chains for our pofterity
r—There dan be no doubt but that
the Self-fame sources, which pour in
riches and plenteousuefs upon a country,
if suffered to run over, by their
luxuriance may deftroy it. Our American
colonies are copious springs of our
treasure ; but should their ftreams overflow
those channels our supremacy
has prescribed, they would deluge that
land which they now fertilize.
I have the honour to be, &c.
Remarks on Blackflone's Opinion oj
Parliaments.
"i i
IGENTLEMEN, F May ijt.
N your Magazine for March I met
with an extract from Dr. Black-
(tone's Commentaries, relative to the
ftate and conftitution of the Parliament
of Great Britain, wherein it is asserted,
(p. 2'$o). that " It is a branch of tbe
royal prerogative that NO Parlismem
CAN be convened by its own authority,
or by the authority of ANY except the
King ALONE." Upon whet law, or
upon what muniments this prerogative
is founded, the doctor does not inform
us, but contents himself with enumerating
Several inconveniencies which, io
his own imagination, might arise if the
King alone should not be invested with
this prerogative.
I fay, in his own imagination, as appears
by the statute which he himself
quotes, viz. 16 Car. I. chap. i. wherein
" a power is given to the Peers oi
this realm, if the King neglected to call
a Parliament for three years, to affemble,
and iffue writs for the chufing one;
and in cafe of neglect of the Peers, the
conftituents might meet, and elect one
themselves.". " But this," says the
doctor " if ever put in practice, would
have been liable to all the inconveniencics
I have just now ftated."
That is to say, " the Peers would
have been ignorant at what place they
-- • , wcte

For M A Y, » 1768 ^ 425
were to affemble, neither would the ascertained and admitted, that an op- _
Commons choSen by their writs, have pressed and injured people were put out
known either the time or place of their of a possibility of relieving themselves
meeting, notwithstanding sufficient pro- againft the violences and encroachments
vision for this knowledge was, or at of
leaft might have been made in the act,
even though, through the neglect of the England were not ot opinion with' tbis
Peers, the chuling of a Parliament had prerogative lawyer. IJe himself acdevolvnd
immediately on the conftitu- knowledges, that, at that period, " the
ents ; and lastly, it would have been Lords and Commons, by their own audifputable,
whether the Members who thority, and upon the summons from
met, or the Members who absented the Prince of Orange, met in a conventhemselves,
were really the legislative tion, and therein disposed of the crown
body." Thefe are the inconveniencies and kingdom."
enumerated by the learned doctor; in Without inquiring how the Lords
stating of which, he feems to have de- and Commons came to know w ben and
pended as much 00 the want of com- 'where to convene, or what the doctor
mon sense in his reade rs, as his argu- means by disposing of the kingdom, I
ment does on the supposed ignorance of would only ask, from whence the Lords
the Lords and Commons. and Commons derived this authority as
But it seems this act was repealed by their own ? " From the vacancy of the
the statute 16 Car. II. chap. 1. not throne," fays the doctor, " which
however on account of the inconvenien- created a necessity, ar at least the apcies,
but, according to the doctor, prehensioij of a necessity, that they
" becaufe it was esteemed So highly de- should meet to fill it."
trimental and injurious to the royal pre- Pretty trifling enough. The appre-
•.rogatiye." And Srom hence he con- henfion of a necessity ! Was thatsufficludes,
that no precedent can be drawn cleat to give themauthortiy to convene,
Srom the statute of Car. I. and to dispose of the crown and king-
What not though this branch of dom. Iffo, the apprehension of av nethe
prerogative-royal was for so many cessity in other cases may give them the
years under the controul of this sta- like authority ; for moft affuredly not
tute? And does it afford no precedent, one of them knew before they conventhat
all his fancied inconveniencies are nd, that the throne was actually vanothing
but finoke and vapour. cant.
But ler us now look at the conSe- Would any other man in the kingquences
oS this repeal. The prejoga- dom, who had read the debates of the
tive-royal being thus' restored, King convention, and confidered the argu-
Charles II, and after him King James ments on both sides of that question,
II. found themselves at liberty to go- before the throne was declared by the
vern without Parliaments, at certain members of the convention to be vaintervals,
during which the detriment cant, have ventured to assert, as the
and injury of the people were unspeak- doctor does, that " the vacancy of the
able. Why would not our cominenta- throne was precedent to their meeting
tor defcant a little upon these inconve- without a royal summons; and not the
niencies? Plainly becaufe he thought, conSequence of it ?" Might not he as
if the prerogative-royal suffered no de- well have clinched the matter at once,
triment or injury, it was no matter what and affirmed, that the filling the throne
detriment or injury arose from the ex- with the Prince of Orange was preceerciSe
of it to the public. It was of no dent to the convention, and not the conconsequence
to the conftitution, provid- sequence of it; and then have inferred,
ed the claims of the prerogative were in savour of the prerogative, that, the
VOL. XXXV. H h h convention

4^6 The M a q a z i N t of Mac a^inu,
convention did pot meet without the
royal Summons ? Would not one* of
thefe assertions be as true as the other ?
And does not the expedient proposed
in that convention, of a Regent who
should act in the nanie of King James
dpring his natural Use? effectually confute
them both f. the result is, that the
throne was not vacant till the convention
declared It to be vacant; and the
act 1 Will, and Mary, confirming the
determination of that convention, authorises
yj*. to say, that the Lords and
Commons then met in convention without'
the royal authority, were, and would
have been, " really the rwo houses of
parliament notwithstanding the want of
writ?, or other defects of form," whether
they had judged the throne fo he
vacant or not.
But this," the doctor tells us,
" and likewise the Similar caSe at the
jeftprgtipB of Charles IJ. were justifiable
only on a principle of necessity."
We acknowledge it, and of a necessity
of which we hep? never to fee another
instance* unlef* thefe high preroi
gati>f men should get fo far into court
Credit as to dispose Some of our futtfr?
Monarch* to act as Charles I. and Jas.
Jl. did. Qf this, thanks to heaven (but
none tq such doctors) there are no
grpnnds for the remotest apprehension
during this generation. And should
Such neceshty he once more the curSe
pfow posterity, they will, we may be
(ore, avail themSelvcs of thefe precedents,
and not Suffer the door of relief
to be shut against them by such flimsy
inconsistent reafonings a? thoSe we
been reviewuKj
J desire ir may he underftond, that I
am arguing only against theSe reaSoning*.
j[ enter not into the extent or limits of
the prerogative-royal. Jt is fufficien.,
that Parliaments in dye SeaSon are secured
to vs by the legislature, by whomsoever
or howsoever they are to be called;
and the doctor had done as wifely
to have left the whole matter upon that
foundation, without entering into a diSquiSition,
which can aoSwcr nd end,
but to raiSe the jealousy of the public,
by a decision, which at fome periods of
our history would not have been attend-,
ed with ingonyeniencies to the writer,
l ap, &c.
A TRIPLE STVDENT.
"' J . ' '' * * '—* 1 i
QnnfideratUm w? the Elrfiiwt in Scot-.
t«nd.
OGent^mpn, Edinburgh Ap. a9.
NE cannot look into the late elections
of representatives to Serve in
Parliament, in aloysst every part oSGreat
Britain, withopt thead, without horror,
and astanishpent.—Po not the highest
corruption, prostitution, and venality,
every where appear ? Mobs, rioting,
ejicesa, and debauchery qf every kind,'
are, it would Seem, become the necessary
cqofequence oScbufpgour members.
TheSe gentlemen are to comppSe the
grand lenate of the nation; there are
they to make laws, for the gond of the
foclety, and for the quiet and Safety of
the people whom they represent. Was
ever a greater contrast ? I should have
said contradiction ? It is being created
sick, yet commanded to be found. —-
These who are in any degree convert
fant in history, and who will, with an
impartlal eye, look into the prefent situation
of the kingdom, cannot sail to
obferve, its being at present in some degree
convulsed; and if a speedy remedy
is not applied, may justly apprehend anarchy
and'consufion. In place of the
present mock-call of liberty, we may
foon find neither real liberty nor property
left. I consols lam one of those apprehensive
persons; but from true love
to my country, I wish, I hope, to be
disappointed.
I shall at prefent confine my self to our
Scotch elections, point out the growing
evil, and endeavour a remedy.—first,
then, is it not too notorious, that in many
counties ofSgotland, therolls of freeholders
are moftly, and of late, crouded
with nominal and fictitious votes i
and even thefe conferred on people of
Jow rank, to chamberlain?, and menial
servants

' 'FTR M / 1 Y> 176& 4*7
servants ? —Is not this alarming t la It
not a Scandal offered to, and a downright
inSult upon every- gentleman-Sreeholder
of the kingdom? ta not this an
evil ? Does it dot require immediate redress
?—Every perfon capable of thinking,
muft easily see the consequence of
such nominal and fictitious votes.—The
act *6 Geo. II. wifely discharged the
Splitting of extents, in order to create
Votes ; it has had fome effect, but it
should have gone further-*»The remedy
propofed is, Lets no superiorities
whatever Irtride to a vote, intime coming;
let thefe whe ftand upon the election-rolls,
of every county in Scotland^
by Superiorities, or whole qualifications
are partly made up by them; whether by
ptitehale, or in liferent; be directly
struck off every election-roll. —Let no
proprietor of land* however great or
extensive, heve more thanhisown vote;
in each counry where • his eftate lie. —
Let hiin have no power to split his valuation,
and thereby Create votes on
focb estates $ let all conveyances of
superiority Or property, in order to establish
votes, he declared Void,-^fcnact,
ThatnO perfon Whatever^ -(except a
proprietor really and truly vefted in an
eftate, holding of the crowd, of at lttft
400I. or rather Aool. valuation, and
who is known to be in actual possession,
by uplifting and applying the rents, to
his own use Solely) heve tide to be inrolled,
or vote, at any future election:
let every such freeholder, be obliged to
elected, at any future election (ttpdrt
lawful ebnviction) subject to tranSpuftatiop'
to any of hut Majefty's colonies;
for three years, for the firft fault; sevdn
years for (he seconds and I-hed almost
Said let it he f-—I—y for the third fault.
Surely, either of these jrahlihmfcrtts will
put a final stop to bribery; , and its inseparable
attendant* Wilful perjury—
To prevent mobs, riots, &c. at or hefbre
elections, let it be enacted, That
any candidate who shall hereafter open
houses, Or plays* for enterfainttient;
drinking and revelling, or shall himself
entertain or revel, m order to procure
votes, at, or during ahy election, or
with a view Of being elected, that in
every such cise, he shall be declared
incapable of being chosen a representative,
his election ipso facte voided, and
he for ever discharged torfepresent any
County, city, borough, or cinque-port;
Subject him to the penalty of adooi.
fterl. to be applied Co highways- and
bridges of the connty. injured. And
lastly t let the borough, who shall receive
any gift, or bribe, for ever lose
its privilege, and be annihilated.
.1 am, &C4
A real, not a fictitious Elector;
A Ke}ly to the Duke of Portland's
Cafe, Hfpefiing that Leafts granted
by tbe Lords cf tbe Treafury to
Sir Jttmt Ltiotbet, Hart. [See p.

4^8 'Tbe MAGAZINE of MAGAZINES,
unacrinionious altercation on this head,
is the Sorest of Inglewond, in Cumberland,
which, it is alledged, was formerly
granted by King William to the
first Duke oS Portland, and which is
now granted to Sir James Lowther.
This patent has been exclaimed against
as indeSeafible by law, and a notorious
violation of private property. Notwithstanding
the too. general prevalence
oS this outcry, I shall not hefitate to declare
mySeif of a Contrary opinion ; and
I shall thereSore, in vindication oS it,
lay my Sentiments before the public.—
My fole motives are, the desire of
preserving the public tranquility, by representing
truth, and of. shewing> that
his Majesty is as equitably entitled to
the granting the forest of Inglewond to
Sir James Lowther, as King William
' could have been to the Duke of Portland
; and by these impartial means I
hope to obvlate the many misunderstood
and illiberal calumnies which have been
propagated i againft thefe personages
whofe conduct has not merited such
treatment.
Private property is that poffession,
either in lands or chattels, to which any
man is juftly intitled, circumftanced,
and circumfcribed in the tenure, and
conveyance, and donation, according
to the eftablished laws of the realm.
And in this place it is to be observed,

Far M A Y, 1768. 4^9
they have no grant nor tide; and yet entitled to enjoy them. This, indeed,
his Grace still persists in his having a i s not only a signal illustration of their
just title to this Sorest, and complains notions oS private property, but of pubof
ill ulage ; in either view whether the lie justice, and of their desires and purestate
was granted or not. King Wil- suits also to preserve them in favour of
liam had no right to grant it for ever, those who have no right rofuch a prouolefs
indeed the King be above the tection, unlefs unlawful detention by a
laws, and King William had the right legal title to private property. But the
of extending his prerogative uncontroul- act itself to which it was alluded in this
ed by the established legislature, and his motion, exprefly declares, that it could
prefent Majesty is precluded from tbe relate to no other, except to grants injust
right of inheriting and bestowing his tecedent to the time of King James I.
private property, according to the Their endeavours, therefore, to have a
known laws of the land. Such fenti- law paffed at prefent to the same purments
bufill agree with the pretended pofe, manifestly evinces, that Kipg
principles*!' Sriends to the revolu'ion, William could make no legal grant of
unleSs they can prove that King Willi- the Sorest to any Subject, Sor ever;
am was justly intitled to the exerciSe oS that the Sorest was justly, at the hour
that arbitrary prerogative which they of this motion, in tbe hands of the
justly condemn and deny to the Stuarts, crown ; and that the Duke oS Portand
that our preSent Sovereign has no land had no title to it.
title to the protection oSthe laws, which For certain it is, that whatever may
are the common birthright of his mean- be the grant from any King to any subeft
Subject. ject, iS it stands in need of an act of the
That King William had no right to Jegiflature to make it valid, the grant is
extend his grant of the forest of Ingle- neceffariiy ineffectual in itself. Wherewond
forever, is manifest from the fore, if the patent of King William had
bill which was last sessions attempted to already given stability to the possession
be bro't into the House of Commons, of these lands, it would have been ab-
" A motion was made for leave to bring surd and uselefs to have enacted a ftain
a bill for quieting the possessions of ture to make it fo. Thofe, therefore,
the subject, and for amending and ren- who are the friends of the Duke of Portdering
more effectual, an act of 21 land, who made their motion in the
James I. tor the general quiet of the houfe, do really, though not exprefly,
subject, against all pretences of con- confefs, that even, in their opinions,
cealment whatsoever." the Duke has no right to the retaining
If we stick to the literal meaning of this forest in his poffession ; and of
thefe words, and only the subjects were consequence, they do, by the fairest
in commotion, but their possessions al- implication^ declare, that it then was
fo, since both required quieting by legally in the crown,
law. As the phrafeology oS this hum- TheSe advocates therefore Sor the
on impo ts no great honour to thoSe Sanction oSprivate property, have erred
who made it, I shall omit their names ; in their outSet, or disregarded theprinbut
the Singularity oS the expression is ciples on which they pretend to Sound
not more extraordinary than the intent, their proceeding, I mean the conServa-
It was designed in favour of private pro- tion of private property ; unleSs they
perty, as it is afferted, and yet both can explain in what manner the endeathe
King and his Subjects; Sor the latter vouring to deprive his Majesty of an
are equally included, were to be there- efiate, whose property it is, and to
by rescinded Srom all power oS obtain- con inue it to a person whoSe property
leg their rights and estates, after a sixty it is not, is consentaneous with the true
years poffession by those who were not ideas of private property. If this be
allowed

4 The M A O k z T N E
allowed, the King is rescinded from
thoSe rights the Subjects enjoy; the
laws protect the people, and leave the
Sovereign exposed to violation, TheSe
Sentiments, I fancy, can hardly he Supported
by apy arguments which can be
derived from the nature oS equity, or
the principles of the constitution.
Blatkftotte's View of tbe Pdt-linment of
Great Britain, and tbe Laws relative
^to Eleftiorn. Continued from
p. 345, and now concluded.
MT^HE laws and customs relating to
X the Hoofe oS Lords in particular.
TfreSe,if we conclude their judicial ca*
pacity, which will be more properly
treated of in the third and fourth boolh
of thefe conimentaries, will rake up but
little of our time.
One very ancient privilege is that de^
clared by the charter of the sorest, confirmed
in Parliament 9 Hen. Ill; viz.
that every Lord Spiritual and Temporal,'
summoned to Parliainent, and paffihg
through the King's forests, may both
in going and returning, kill one or two
of the King's deer Without warrant; in
view of the forester, if he be present;
or on blowing a horn if he be absent,
that he may not seem to take the King's
Venison by stealth.
In the next place they have a right
to be attended, and constantly are, by
the Jndges of the Court of King's Bench
and Common Pleas, and such of the
Barons of the Exchequer as are of the
degree of the coif, or have been made
Serjeants at law; as likewise by the
Masters of the Court of Chancery; for
their advice in point of law, and for the
greater dignity of their proceedings. The
Secretaries of State, the Attorney and
Solicitor-general, end the reft of the
King's learned Counsel being Serjeants,
were also used to attend the House of
Peers, and have to this day their regular
Wilts of summons issued ont at the
beginning of every Parliament: but, as
many of them have of late years been
Members of the House of Commons,
their attendance is fallen into disuse.
_ Fnr M A Y, ut it is nOtorious, thet a very large affent without farther ceremony; for
prt>xy% to vote fof him in his absence hare of property is in the possession of the alteration of the Lords is confident
A privilege which a member of the Othei he House of Lords ; thet this property with the grant of the Commons. But
House can by no means haVe, as be ii s equally taxable^ and taxed, a* the such an experiment will hardly he rehlmself
but a proxy for a multitude ol jroperty of the Commons; and there- peated by the Lords, under the present
other people. ore the Commons not being the fole improved idea of the privilege of the
Each 1 Peer has also a right, by leavenersons t xed, this cannot be the rea-j House of Commons: and, in any case
of tbe House, when a Vote passes con. on of their having the fole right of rai- where a money bill is remanded to the
trary to his sentiments, to enrer his dif- lag and mndelling the Supply. The Commons, all amendments in the mnd©
Sent on tbe Journals of the Hoofe. with rue reason, arising from the spirit of of taxation are sure to be rejected,
the reafons for such dissent • which ii >ur conftitutiop, feema to he this. The Next, wim regard to the elections of
Usually stiled his protest
All bills likewise, that may in their
consequences any way afftfct the rights
of the Peerage, Ire by the cuftom of
Parliament to have their firft 1 rise and
beginning in the House of Peters, and
to suffer no changes or amendments is
the Hoofe of Commons.
There is alfo one statute peculiarly
relative to the HouSe of Lords; 6 Ann.
c. 2\f which regulates the election of
the sixteen representative Peers of North
Britain, in consequence of the twenty
second and twenty-third articles of the
Union: and for that purpose prescribe!
tbe oaths,*&c. to be taken by the Electors
* directs the mnde of balloting;
prohibits the Peers electing from beiht
attended in an unusual manner ; anc
exprefsly provides, that no other matter
shall he treated of p that assembly
save only the election, on pain of in
curring a praemunire.
The peculiar laws and customs of she
House of Commons relate principally to
the raising of taxes, and the electiont
_,ords being a permanent hereditary Knights, Citizens and Burgesses; we
jody, created at pleasure by the King, may observe thet herein confifts the ex-
ire supposed more lisble to be infl.uenc- ercise of the democratical part of our
xl by the crown, and wben once inluenced
to continue fo, than the Commons,
who are a temporary elective
jody, freely nominated by the people,
t would therefore be extremely dange
constitution; for in a democracy there
can be no exercise of Sovereignty but
by suffrage, which is the declaration
of the people's will. In all democracies
therefore it is of the utmost importance
ous, to give them any power of fram- to regulate by whom,and in what ma.nog
new taxes for the subject: it is fuse ner, the suffrages are to be given. And
icient, that they have a power of re- the Athenians were fo justly zealous of
ecting, if they think the Commons too this jprerogative, that a stranger, who
avish or improvident in their grants interfered in tho assemblies of the peo-
Jut fo reasonably jealous are the Com- pie, was punished by their laws with
nons of this valuable privilege, that death; becaule such men wereefteenfied
vercin they will not suffer the other guilty of high treason, by usurping those
rlouSe to exert any power but thet of rights of Sovereignty, to which he had
rejecting; they will not permit the least no title. In England, where the peo*
of Members to Serve in Parliament.
(Iteration or amendment to be made by pie do not debate in a collective bndy
the Lords to the mnde of taxing the but by representation, the exercise of
leople by a money bill ^ under which this Sovereignty confifts in the choice,
appellation are inclnded all bills, by oS representatives. The laws have there-,
which money is directed to be raiSed Sore very ftrictly guarded againft uSuripon
the Subject, Sor any purpoSe or in pation or abuSe of this power, by many
iny shape whatsoever ; either for the salutary provifions ; which may he re*
Exigencies of government, and collected duced to these three points I. The que-,
'rom the kingdom in general, as tbe locations of the electors. 2. The qua-.
Firft, with regard to taxes: it is the and tax; or for private benefit, and lifications of the elected. 3. Theproantient
indisputable privilege and right ollected in any particular diftrict, as by ceedings at elections,
of the House of CommOus, that all turnpikes, parish rates, and the like. 1. As to the qualifications of the eleegrants
of subsidies or Parliamentary aids Vet Sir Matthew Hale mentions one tors. The true reafon oS requiring any
do begin in their House, and are firft :aSe, Sounded on the practice of Par- .qualification, with regard to property*
bestowed by them; although their grants iament in the reign oS Henry VI. where- in voters, is to cxclude Such perSons aft
arc not effectual to all intents and pur- tn be thinks the Lords may alter a mo are in So mean a Situation that they a to
poSes, until they'have the affent of the ney bill; and that is, it the Commons efteemed to have no will of their own.
other two branches of the legislature. {rant a tax, as that of tonnage and If these persons had votes they wouW
The general reason, given for this ex- poundage, for »«*. four years ; and the '-V be tempted to dispose of them under
clufive privilege of the House of Com- *ords alter it to a less time, as for two foiue undue influence or other. Tbia
mons, is, that the supplies are raifed
would
upon

432 Tbe MAGAZINE o/MACAZ!NES t
would give a great, an artful, or a constitution: not that I assert it is in
wealthy man, a larger share in elections fact quite so perfect as I have here enthan
is consistent with general liberty, deavoured to describe It; for, If any
If it were probable that every man alteration might be wished or suggested
would give his vote freely, and witheut in the present frame of Parliaments, it
influence of any kind, then, upon the should be in favour of a more complete
true theory and genuine principles of representation of the people,
liberty, every member of the cominu- The qualifications of the elected, and
niry, however poor, should have a vote the proceedings at elections, with furin
electing thofe delegates, to whose ther particulars relative to the electors,
charge is committed the disposal of his depend upon Such a number oS statutes
property, his liberty, and his liSe. But, as render the particulars too extensive,
since that can hardly be expected in and lays us under tbe necessity oS reSerperSons
of indigent fortunes, or such as ring the reader to the author's comare
under the immediate dominion of nientaries lately published,
others, all popular states have been Qut to return to our qualifications;
obliged to establish certain qualificati- and first those of electors for Knights of
on?; whereby some, who are suspected the 1 Shire, i. By statute 8 Hen. VI. c.
to have no will of their own, are ex- 7. and 10 Hen. VI. c. 2. the Knights
duded from voting in order to set other of the Shires shall be chosen of people
individuals, whose wills may be suppof- dwelling in the same counties; whereei
independent, more thoroughly upon of every man shall have freehold to the
a level with each other. value of forty shillings by the year with-
And this constitution of suffrages is in the county; which by subsequent
framed upon a wiser principle than statutes is to be clear of all charges and
either of the methnds of voting, by cen- deductions, except Parliamentary and!
taries, or by tribes, among the Romans, parochial taxes. The Knights of Shires
In the methnd by centuries, instituted are the representatives of the landholdby
Servius Tullius, it was principally ers, or landed interest, of the kingdom:
property, and not numbers that turned their electoismust therefore have estates
the scale: in the methnd of tribes, gra- in lands ot tenements, within the coundually
intrnduced by the tribunes of the ty represented: thefe estates must be
people, numbers only were regarded, freehold, that is, for term ot life at least;
andjproperty entirely overlooked. Hence because beneficial leases for long terms
the laws paffed by the former methnd of years were not in use at the making
had usually too great a tendency to. ag- of these statutes, and copyholders were
grandize the patricians or rich nobles ; little better than villains, absolutely deand
thofe by the latter had too much of pendent upon their Lord: this freehold
a levelling principle. Our constitution must be of forty shillings annual value;
steers between the two extremes. Only because that sum would then, with profuch
are entirely excluded, as can have per industry, furnish all the necessities
no will of their own; there is hardly a of life, and render the freeholder, if he
fiee agent to be found, but what is en- pleased, an independent man. For Bititled
to a vote in some place or other shop Fleetwood, in hisChronicon Prein
tbe kingdom. Nor is comparative tiofum, written about sixty years since,
wealth, or property entirely.difregarded has fully proved forty shillings in the
in elections; for thougirthe richest man reign of Henry VI. to have been equal
has only one vote in one place, yet if to twelve pounds per annum in thereign
his property he at all diffused, he has of Qieen Anne; and, as the value of
probably a right to vote at more places money is very considerably lowered
then one, and thereSore has many re- since the Bishop wrote, I think we m»J
pcefentativcs. This is the Spirit of our fairly conclude, from this and otbei
circufl

For M A Y, vj6t., > ^
circumstances, that Whet wM equiva- kingdom. But astrade is fof^uctua^ ,,
lent to twelve pounds in his days, is ing nature, and Seldom lung fixed in a
equivalent to twenty at present. place, it was formerly left to the croup.
TThe other less important qualificati- to summon, pro re nata, the most flei^fvis
ons of the electors for counties in En- rishing towns to fend representatives to
gland and Wales, may be collected Paillapent. So thatastowns encreaftrom
the statutes which direct, 2. That ed in trade, and grew populous, they,?
no person under twenty one years of were admitted to a share in, thelegi{la-ri
age shall he capable of voting for any ture. But the misfortqp^ that the
member. This extends to all forts of' deserted heroughs continued, to be fiim-.
members, as well Sor boroughs ascoun- moned, as well as those to whom their ^
ties; as does alfo the next, viz. 3. That tradesiinf inhabitants were transferred;
no perfon convicted of perjury, or Sub- except a Sew which pedtioned ,to be
ordination of perjury, shall be capable ed.of the expencc, then usual, ofpajn- .
of voting in any election. ,4. That no taming their members ;.fourt( shillings a
perfon shall votein right of any freehold,, day heing allowed for. a Knight of
granted to him fraudulently to qualify Shire, and two shillings fpt a Citizen of.^
him to vote. Fraudulent grants are Burgess; which was thefate of waaes
such as contain an agreement to recon- established in the reign of Edw. III.
vey, or to defeat the eftate granted ; Hence the Members for Boroughs now
Which agreements are made void, and bear aheve a quadruple proportion..to.
the eftate is abfolutely veiled in the thofe for counties, and the nupber of
perfon to whom it is SO granted. And, Parliament men is increaSed fince Forto
guard the better againft Such frauds, tefcue's time, in the reign of Henry the
it is farther provided, 5. That every Vlth, from thiee hendred to upwards
voter shall have been in the actual pof- of five hundred, exclusive of thof^ pf"
session, or receipt of the profits, of his Scotland. The Universities were in gefreehold
to his oWn use for twelve ca- neral not impowered to fend Burgesses
lendar months before; except it came to Parliament;. tho' qnce,In2$
to him by defeat, marriage, marriage when a Parliament was, summoned to
settlement, will, or promotion to a be- consider of the King's tight in Scotland,
nefice or office. 6. That no person shall there were issued writs, which required
vote in refpect of an annuity or rent the Univerfity of Oxford to fend up
charge, unless regiftered with the Clerk four or five, and that Of Cambridge two
Of the peace twelve calendar months or three, of their moft difcreet or learnbefore.
7. That in mortgaged or truft- ed, Lawyers for that purpose. But 1i,
estates, the perfon in possession, under was King James the firft,. who indujgthe
above-mentioned restrictions, shall ed them wi h the permanent privilege
have the vote. 8. That only one per- to fend conftantly two of their own bofoh
shall' be admitted to vOte for any dy; to serve for those students who,
one house of tenement, to prevent the though useful meinHera.of the coqi)?RU*.
splitting of freeholds. 9. Tfiat no eftate nity, were neither concerned in the landffuill
qualify a voter, unlefs the eftate ed nor the trading interest; and toprcn
has heen affeffed to Some land-tax aid, tect in the legislature the rights of the
at leait twelve months before the elec- republic of letters.' The right, of election,
10. That no tenant by copy of tion in boroughs is various, depending
court roll shall be permitted to vote as entirely on the several charters, custom^,
a freeholder. Thus much for the eleq- and cpnftitutions of the respective places,
tors in counties. which has. occasioned itifipite disputes ;
As for tbe electors of Citizens and though now,by ftatute^Gep-. II c.24.
Burgesses, these are supposed to be the the right of voting for the future shall
meteantile part or trading intereftof this be allowed according to the fast deter-
VOL. XXXV. 1 .. I i i jnination

The M AG* V i * * of M
mlhaflon ofthe Houftf of Commons con- years, fs c
Kafffiffs of boroughs, are r.ot eligible
trftfr refofectWefdifdictions, as bei
f
conicerhea in the management of
^iidfes or taxes created since 1692,
pt the CopTrfffioijejs of the Treasury,
nor any of the officers following
wine licence,
m and pedh
•SOW any iftW -
years, fj capable of being elected.
7. That If % Member accepts ah ofiw
of My ehy ot bo- fice under the OroWrt, except an officer
'{ft^ theh suchai ten W in the arfny or navy accepting a new
•in ^ ^Vi^tie) fliall %e compWiOn, fah leat is void ; but fucb
therein, unless he had Mettthet Is capable of being re-elected,
to his freedom tWtfoe 8. That allKnlfehre of the shire shall
1
months before.
be actual actosl Kbu&ts. Knights, or such notable
:ond point is the qutlifica- Eiqtiires and gentlemen, as have et*
...isto be elected Members tares firfcefent to be Knights, and by
Of Commons. This depends
vr&ti 'the faw'and custom of Parfi&fefs,
ipd the statutes I have reserxfd'tb.
And fibto these it appears, 1.
TV* tf>

45$ The M A CIA EIN I O/ MX GAZINBS,
that place is Parliament. And if any burning officer in heroughe returns his
mOUey, gift; office, employment, Or re- precept to the Sheriff, with the perfons
ward be given, or promised to be giv- elected by the majority; and the Sheen
toattyv»*er, at any time, ju order tiff returns the whole, together with
toinfloence.him to give ot withhold, the writ for the county, and the Knights
his vote, both he that -tabes arndijfe. that electnd thereupon, to the Clerk of the
offers ftich bribe, forfeits^ $pol andto'' Crown in Chancery, hefore the day of
for ever disabled from votingandholdr meeting, if it he a new Parliament, or
lag ariy officeidany corporation ^ un- within fourteen days after the election,
leHheforeconviOtion, he'difcOver fome if it be an octadonal vacancy, and
other offender of the '^ne kind, and this under penalry of 500I. If the Sheahen
he is indemnified for his own* of- riff does not return such Knights only
fence, o Tbe first instance that .Occurs as are duly elected, he forfeits, by the
ofelectidn brib«ry;. was fo early as 13 old statutes of Henry VI. 100I 5 and
E4i*I WHEN orle Thomas Looge (being the returning officer in boroughs, for a
# Simple mart^and of. finall capacity to like false return 40I. and they are heftrye
in Parliament) acknowledged that fides, liable to an action, in whichdouhe
had-girea ithe returning officer and hie damages shall be recovered, by the
'Others of- the borough of Westbury latter statutes oS King William; and
four pounds >fo be returned Member, any perSon bribing the returning officer,
-jjnd was" for that prasmiumc electnd. shall aifo forfeit 300I. But the Mem-
*But for this dssence the borough was bers returned by him are the sitting
amerced;-the Member was removed, Members, until the House of Commons
nndithe officer finnd and imprisoned, upon petition, shall adjudge the return
But asthisfpractice hath since taken to be false and illegal. And this ab-
•much deoper and more universal root, stract of the proceedings at elections of
'ft hdth'ocxafionnd the making of thefe Knights, Citizens, and Burgeffes, conwholesome

• ..ftrj M % f *7 6 *- M 'vjT 437
Wilkes escaped to the prifon there, of the affassin's way, was stabbed in
slo accident had happened Srom the the heck by the soldier's bayonet,
jeginning, notwithstanding' the troops which penetrated a considerable way
xad been there the Sameday. under the blade-bone of his shoulder.
About ten o'clock the troops which The soldier, disregarding this, contiud
been there the day before, were nund his chace, assisted by his comrelicvnd
by a detachment from the Scots rades, down the road and tnto the boor
third regiment of foot guards, which rough of Southward .What was done
is under the command, of his Royal there being a matter of judicial enqui-
Highnefs the Duke of Gloucester. The ry, we shall only mention that Mr.
detachment was commanded by the William Allen, junior, being at work
Hon. Lieut. Col. Charles Beauclerk- in a cow-houie contiguous to the
Till the time that thefe troops came to Hpife-shoe,. his father's house, and
the prifon, there was apt the least ap- dressed in a red waistcoat, was seen by
pearance of any riot or disturbance. It the foldiers, one of whom shed and
istiue that the people huzzaed, and shot him through the breast, Theuncried
out Wilkes and Ljberry, as often fortynate young man prefe^tly expired,
as they could diftinguish.him moving in Amelancholy proof the danger and
his room. Thet was all the offence folly of wantonly employing the military
thry then gave. The troops, as they ppweiv .*
marched under the prifon wall next the When it was known this young man
field?, were in a few minutes followed was*.killed, the people assembled in
by four or five Justices of the Peace, great numbers round tbe prifon. More
and in about a quarter of&n hour, or foldiers were sent for. Reinforcements
less, thefe gentlemen read the riot-act. of horle and foot arrived, The people
What gave occasion to this extraordina- were fired at, and - jrode over, without
ry step, this laft resoft,.u* it ought to the leaft regard to age, or fex. The
be, when all: pacific and persuasive fiefd near the prison, might be comparmeans,
and when even the civil power ed to a. field of batde., Several were
hid all been exerted in vain, is yet a kjlled, and many were wounded,
mystery. Persons of credit and vera- Next day the capital itfelSSeemnd encity,
whe were spectators, did not at tirely under military government, and
that time difcover any outrage commit- rather the residence of themilitary Moted
by tbe people. Before the procla- natch of France, then the peaceful Somation
was read, the Scottish soldiers, vereign of England. The troops patwith
their bayonets fixnd, began to trolled the ftreets, the people were in
strike and wound the people in the moft many places infulred, and every thing
cruel and wanton, panner; the people wore the face of tyranny, cruelry, ana
in return hissed and hoo^erk The pro- vengeance.
clamation was. afterwards read. The We now come to the Verdicts found
Scottish foldiers; now provoked and im- . by the Coroner's Juries. On the I ith
patient of revenge, marked some of the the inqueft fat on the body of young
people, particularly one in a red waist- Mr. Allen, and brought in their verdict
coat who had huzzaed Wilkes and Li- wilful murder, againft Donald Maclane,
berty, and three or four of them quit- Donald Mac Laury, and Alexander
ted their poft, which was close to the Murray Esq; the firft two were* comprifon-wall,
and ran through the mob mitted to the New PriSon, but the ofafter
tbe perfons whem they had mark- ficer absconded, upon which a warrant
ed, quite across the field to the road, was iffued Sor the apprehending him.
and one Pan, not in the mob, as be Two inquisitions were taken in the
was ftooping under, the rail which di- herough, on perSons lulled by the, solvides.
the field from the road, to get out- diets in quelling the riot in St. George's

49* Tbe M A 11 i f * # M A C A^Z I N E S ,
fields. The 'firft WM at tbe parish of
ft. Saviour, on the body of Wary the[
wife of William Jeffs. It. appeared"
that last TueSday, about eleven in the
fordnoon, the deceased and her daughter
Were attending eloSc to the H*ymarket
in St. George's fields, Having a
double-handed basket with oranges, in
order' to Sell them ; that about two that
afternoon they heard that the fbfdicrs
were going to fire; upon which they
end several other perfons were removing
to avoid thedanger, and gs
ceafed and her daughter were carfylng
away the bafket between thei?i, &meof
the foldiers stred, and the deceased fell
down directly, and wheti taken up,
laid, she was only frightened, bbt not
hurt; that ftie became soon after speechless,
was let hl°°d immediately, and
then parried to St. Thomas's Hospital,
where she expired in about anheurafter
the firing.' Orther being undressed
at the hofpital, a large gen-shot
wound was discovered a little below
her nave^ Which she received about
two hours after the proclamation had
been read. The j^ty brought in their
verdict, that she Was accidentally, and
by pisfortune, Icilled by a Soldier unknown,
In endeavouring to suppress
the rioter?.
The second inqulfltion wa? taken in
tbe parish of St. George the Marryr,
pn the body of William Byidgman. It
appeared fey the evidence, that ftveril
constables, by the order of Dpi. Pon-
Bench trifon, for the preservation of
the pubHc peace, and that thefatdl^.
Ponton and John Middlemarft, Richard
Capel, jand J 'hn Thejnas,/ jEfqulres;
three other Justices for Surry, were
there arlfo present; thet there wis a
concourse of people, to the a-
S eat
'junt of Several hundred, assembled
in the -fields about the prifon, but that
there was thsu no disturbance; that
.presently a company of Soot guards advanced
towards the priS n, and p ten ted
fiof M A Y> 176S.
rftOte ft Ones thrown, heWOUld Imiately
order the guard* in fa* 1
>n Which a stone Was thrown arid
themselves with their heefc * fa' ni
faced the popular j that on one a
constables going down hy the hrfcfc w r ,
of the prifon, Mr. Pom^n deftred hi, nick him upon the head; and fttade
to keep near the wM,- becaufe he want lin ^gfcw about tw0 7 ttt,s at
» «
m
ed a paper to be when down that wa
halfa nliflllte afterward*, When
fixed to it, and' one of the eonftabli e had recovered himself, he ordered
took it down, the populace thereupo lc guards to site, which they accordcried
our, give us the paper, and in lgly did, but at that time no person
mediately began to throw stones, fcro observed to drop, and foon after
ofwhkh hit the Justices and fome « le berse grenadiers fired theif piftola.
the constables; and they continue Mrs. Elizabeth EgreinOrtt, the wise
throwing ftones during the time the Tn fa Surveyor, living in Wefton^reer,
ftices were palling to the Marshall OlavCS parish, thett appeared ai
houfe, the mob again cried out, give v n evidence, and Swore, that «rt the
the paper ; that the Justices then weo Osh of May, 4 little before three
through the house, and >ut of tb *e afternoon, she was tefutniog from
backdoor , that adrUm heat to armi pring Gardens, €harjng»croSs, on foot,
and the Juftfces with the Soldiers, cam nth one Mrs. GoOdhM, and oh their
from behind the house, and Mr. fo* frlvil it the aSylum in St. George's
tOnand Samud Guiflam, ESq; aoothe fome horse guards paffed byOtt
Justice Sor 8uiry, Wing together, d« all^, Upon which a .ghrtflePaH r
fired the populace to disperse; but la iranger to both, came up to Mrs. E

446 The MAGAZINE, of M A 0 A Z I N E S,
gard any reports $ that thejr Were to lay
aside all popular resentment or prejudice,
and to give a verdict according to
the evidence, without any fear, favour,
affection, hatred, or ill-will; in doing
which - they would act consilient with
their oaths, and discharge their conferences.
11 • » v- •
The jury, after fome time consulting,
brought in their verdict Chance Medfcy,
in which. they confirmed the verdict
of the Jury at Sc. Saviour's parish.
A third inquisition was taken at Sr.
Thomas's Hofpital, upon the like niekochely
occasion, on the body of John
BocLdingtotf, whe was shot through the
right thigh. It appeared by his-owii
account he gave the fister of Abraham's
Ward, that on Tuefday laft, as he was
standing at the ouifide of the mob in
St. George's fields, about forty or fifty
yards from the rioters that were affembled,
he received a shot in his right
thigh ; that he was no ways encouraging
the rioters; and that he did not lay
the charge of his death to any particular
perfon. k appeared that-William
Bagnall, an acquaintance of the deceased,
went on Tuefday morning, aheut
ten o'clock, to view the rioters and Soldiers,
and in an heur's time yias joined
in company by the deceased ; and in
sheet an heur and an half afterwards
-the deceased received a shot, and cried
out, he was shot, but did not fay where,
net did Bags all then know where ; that
the deceased fell, and Bagnall loft him;
that during the time Bagnall and the
deceaSed were there, they Saw no misbehaviour
in the mob; that Somehorfegrenadlers
came up beSore the deceased
.was shot, and made up directly to the
rails, and broke off from their ranks into
separate parties; that there were two
firings before the deceaSed was shot,
but he Saw no miSchief done by them;
and thet the borfe-grenndlers had not
fired when tbe deceased fell, at which
time there , were Several persons with
Bagnall and,the deceaSed ; and tbat the
deceaSed was -shot by one of the foot
foldiers, i stranger to Bagnall.
Mr. Co well examined the wound,
which appeared to he occasioned by a
very large ball, and took out several
splinters t and, upon a confutation with
other Surgeons, it was thought proper
to take off the deceased's leg, and ou
Wednefday, Mr. Co well cut Off the
deceased's leg, and he died laft Friday
morning. The Jury brought in their
verdictj Chance Medley. We fear that
several other persons have been killed
or maimed through their rash curiofity.
A woman, who was wounded, remains
in the fame hospital, under very lktle
hopes of recovery^
Some others of the unfortunate perfons
fired upon by the soldiers were fo
miferably wounded, that they died in a
Sew days at their habitations in London.
The Coroner's inquefts sat un their bodies,
aed brought in their vercjicts, wilful
murder againft perfons unknown.
The following extraordinary letter appeared
in the papers on the i6th and
17th of May.
ORDERS. PAROLE is Wandfworth.
Office, May u, 1768.
" HAVING this day had. the henour
of mentioning to the the behaviour
of the detachment from the several battalions
of foot-guards, which have been
lately employed m assisting the Civil Magistrates,
& preferving the public peace,
I have great pleaSure in ioformingyOu,
that his — highly approves of the conduct
of both the officers and men, and
means that bis — approbation should
he communicated to them through you.
Employing the troops on fo disagreeable
a service always gives me pain,
but. the, circumstances of the times make
it neceffary. I, am perSuaded they. See
the necessity, and will continue, aather
have done, to perform their duty With
alacrity. I beg you will be pleaSed to
allure them, that every, possible regard
shall be shewn to them; their zeal and
good behaviour upOn this occasion deserve
it; and in cafe any disagreeable
circumstance should happen in the execution
of their duty, thry shall have
every

every deSence and protection that the
law can autherize, and this office can
give.
I have the honour to be Sir,
Your most obedient and most humble
Servant, B
To the Field-officer, and Staff in
waiting Sor the three regiments
of guards.
On Monday May the 16th, the two
Soldiers charged by the Coroner's Jury,
with the wilful murder oS Mr. Allen,
were brought before Lord Mansfield at
Westminster, in order |o be bailed,
when M'Laury was bailed, and Maclane
recommitted. A motion was made
that Alexander Murray, Esq; all charged
by the Coroner's Jury with the wilful
murder of Mr. Allen, and although
he had not surrendered, nor was appre- •
bended, yet he was admitted to bail.
A motion was likewise made that John
Wilkes, Esq; might be admitted to bail,
but that was refused.
A monument is erecting in the Churchyard
of Newington Butts, to the memory
of William Allen the younger, who
was lately killed near St. George's fields,
on which the following infcripiion is to
be engraved:
Sacred to the memory of
WILLIAM ALLEN,
An Englishman of unsported life and amiable
difpofition;
Who was uuhumaoly murdered near
St. George's-fields by anOfficer and two
Soldiers, on the iothday of May, 1768,
at a massacre of several of his countrymen
by Scottish detachments from the
army, on the pretence of supporting the
civil power, which he never insured,
but had through life obeyed and respected.
His disconsolate parents caused this
stone to be erected to an only son, loft
to them and to the world in his twentieth
year, as a monument of his virtues, and
their affection.
VOL. XXXV.
for M A ,Y,I768. : V;? 441
Obfervations on a moft Extraordinary
Letter.
A N officer of the guards, on whOie_
veracity I can rely, has pformed"
me that the S—y at W—r has thought
proper to write a letter of thanks to the
commanding officer of the troops lately
employed in St. George's Fields. The
fubftance of it, as well as I can remember,
is rather of an extraordinary nature,
and I think deserves the attention
and confideration of the public. I underftand
that his Lordship thanks them,
in the K—'s name, for their gond behaviour,
and assures them, that his
M—y highly approves of their conduct.
He farther engages his promise, that
whatever bad consequences may ensue,
they may depend upon the utmost assistance,
and support that his office can
afford them. Without entering into the
evidence, on which the Coroner's verdict
againft an officer and some soldiers
of the guards was founded, I shall not
scruple to fay that this mention of the
K—'s name is very improper and indecent.
The father of tbe people undoubtedly
laments the fatal necessiry,
which has occasioned the murder of one
of his subjects, but cannot be Supposed
to approve highly of a conduct, which
has had dreadful confequences. Art
event oS this shocking nature may admit
of excuse and mitigation from circumstances
of necessity, but can nevec
be the object of the Hiigheft approbation
; — much less was it proper to signify
such strong approbation of a conduct,
which includes a sa£$ ftill fub judice,
and the particulars of which are not
yet known with any degree of certainty.
The S —y at W — r would have done
better in confining his letter to tbe expression
of his -own sentiments. What
he has said for himself, if I am righdy
informed, will require more wit than
he poffeffes to defend. For the mere
benefit of the law, I presume, the otifoners
will hardly thank him. It is a
K k k benefit

The M A C A Z I N I
b&nefit thry are entitled to, and will
certainly have, whether he and his office
"Sfrffcie ?r pit. If he means any thing
njbre, let him look to his words. But
I held jt fo he highly unconstitutional as
we|l a* illegal, to Y promife official sup-
PPft apd protection to either oarty, in
a erpiinal caSe, wherein the K-profecute^
Sor the loss of"' his Subject. There
is % degree of folly in a Minifter of the
qowo ugnipg such a letter, which looks
like infatuation :but I hope tbe court
of jf^jng's Bench, or fome other court,
wjll let him Jppw what the laws calls
qgttpfWt and maintenance, and bring
him to his fenSes.
FIAT JUSTITIA!
Further %jm?rh on a moft Extraordinary
biter.
J J %
HE prefept times have produced
4- a wonderful variety of state letters,
which have for a tipe amused,
and fi^ed the attention of the public.
Lord IJpflapd gave us a very Curious
one ?ddf e ssed to the Members, about
his taking the conduct of the Houfe of
Commons. Lord Chatham favoured us
with another p excuse of his wife's tide,
and his OWP penfion, and I Suppo e we
shall haye a second about bis own title,
and place. But the prefent hero with
public is —.— and I have
lten.no letter of So much importance in
iifrff, fo pregnant with future mifchief.
as thgt faid to be his Lordfhjp's, firft
ptpted jn the St. James's Chronicle of
Tuefday the 17th of May, and from
thence copied into moft of the daily
prints. The two firft letters have been
only laughed at, but the left has been
much Wept over. The alarin it has
given is jn^ofd general, but J hope, by
peqns of your Magazine, to be the
JWppy inftrnmep of Quieting the miocis
of men, who are now in greater appjehenfions
for the fate of the civil lijhertyof
this country than I $vsr remem-
' PtPy
The paper, Sir, is a letter signed B—,
of M A 0 A Z I N Eg,
and dated — office, May 11, 1768, and
relates to the horrid maffaae in St.
George's fields on the day before, for
which the Office" and Soldiers are
thanked by the — at — in the — name,
as it is generaUy supposed,but I believe,
very unjustly.
1 find that three different opinions
about this paper prevail among my
friends. The firft, but the moft improbable,
is, that the signature B— means
L —, and that — office, May 11, means
the W—r-office. The Second, rather
more probable, is, that B— means Lord
Bpe,and —r-office, is his Lordship's
private office, from whence it is known
that every orcler of importance, even
every hint of what is to be dOne, has
for several years Wired. But the third
opinion, to which 1 adhere, is, that the
letter is an absolute forgery, invented
by fome jScotrish Jacobjte, to create future
murders amopg us, as lyell as tfl
throw an eternal ndpm, and indelible
infamy on the present administration,
which he well knew nothing could fo
thoroughly efffect.
The firft opinion, that frich a letter
could come from — is absolutely impossible.
Let us but one moment take
into consideration his Lordship's political
character, and we shall fee that he never
could be the author of such an outrage
on the civil power of his native
country in compliment to the military.
He u no military man. Prowess never
made any part of his character. He is
confessedly fola libidine fortis. He
knows no campaiges, but in the field of
Iqye, and during t^e Winter in the
Houfe of Commons, where no Minjfter
ever found a mutiny and desertion bill
necessary with respect to him, any more
than the other troops not in regimentals,
who are in the pay of the Treasury
Pliability alone has diftinguished him, I
know no where So flight and flimsy a
man ; Such a mere panado Lord. He
was only remarkable in the late reige
for being a kind of make-weight among
the Minifters. There is scarcely a department
of the ftate he has not filled
for a few hours, or a sew days, fometimes,
tiH the great could agree, for a
few wCeks. If there was any little dirty
job in the old King's time to he carried
with respect to HanOver, it was
left to bis management, hut he never
was employed in any thing of real importance.
He therefore never could
be thought of for the boldest: measure
which ever Minifter Ventured upon, tbe
thanking officers and foldiers for an act,
which different counties, and more than
one Jury, had found to he wilful rtrarder,
and the desiring them to go on in
the samfe way With alacrity. In such a
service h is not sufficient that a man has
no principle; he muft be a bold, daring,
Wicked Pan, of stern ftuff, than
Lord J and of better parts, to varnish
over the black deeds he has perpetrated
himfelf, or commanded and applauded
in Others. In the present cafe
there ii only a heart to approve, there
is nO tongue to juftify such an afrO-*
cious villainy.
I have another ftrong reafon on this
head. Ldrd is an Englishman.
Would an Engfishmap have thanked
Scottish officers and soldiers for having
in fo infsurh'an a way Spilt the Blood of
his innocent countrymen, for it is clear
that CVfcfy person killed was at that time
harmless and indssensive, and had been
so the whoie dry. One was On a haycart,
another telling oranges, a third
walking in the road, arc. The letter
fays that the Writer has a pleasure fa
informing them, that his » highly
approves- —What ? this rtfnk and
foul murder? 1 am Aire, Sir, that afsertion
cannot b* tfue, and Could I
believe that Lord / : talked of
such a thing being his pleasure, I should
hold his Lordship in horror, tfs the blackest
soul that ever animated a hetnan body.
It woiuld make every othet man
shudder, and whoever can apptoveSuth
a fell and lotriddeed, as the latehloOdf
taassecre, I desire he Pay do the the
honour to disapprove ettety Angle action
of thy ftse, and grace me With the'fWtion
of his cfifpleafure.
For M A Y , 1768. 44?
As — at —, it muft he supposed that
the ndble Lord is e*e«ly informed of
all the transactions of thet memorable
Tuefday, With respect to the military-
How then could his LOrdfhip set hi*
hand to a knOWn falshond in thanking
the officers and foldfets for preserving
the public peace, Which Was efflly broke
by themselves? 'Till the arrival of the
Scottish detachment every thing Wni
quiet heth in and about the ptiSon: «£
terwards they raised a dSftutherice by the
rough manner of treating the pedpfc, by
their abuse, their menaces, arid tbe ae-*
tually pushing at and Wounding them
with their bayonets. Thef* WM ffot the
shadow of a ptetertce for the rMtlffi
being called in at firft, and aa little fof
their infolent and eruel beheviourWben
they came. They in fact cauSed at«-,
mult near the prifon,- arid then -fitedrepeatedly
on every body indiSeriminaeely,
as well there as at a considerable distance
frOm it, On people in the neiglfbouring
fields, and on the passenger*
In two high roads. There has flSt been
such a.rtiaffacte of the Efl$lsh by Scorfmen
fince Prefton Pans and FaUfchli.
That Tuefclay wore i inore military
appearance in St. Georges fields, than
any day fihee the Revolution. Mr.
Wilkes told his friends, that he thought
he lay in camp that aim! the two following
nights, such wa* the din attd
clashing of itfw, such the ifcighing and
trampling of the c&JilYf: Tbe Awrehes
and connrer-ttrarchesof the troops, tfiHr
divisions and subdivisions, the foot advancing,
attacking, aed SftefWards puffoirit,
is in tbe Case Allen,
killing those they might tevetihen
prison**, the hOrse af fMI speed, galloping
backwards and forWSNM; and firing,
M&6W Theftiily ftWil « day of
battle, and the peojfle enWUfca* fitK the
unarmed dutiful sublect* of i gracious
— at foil peace Wfth theft. Swhaday
has not been in Ertgand fince the secession
of the mad hoofe of arfirtrtridc.
May Our anrials ftfvef tell iff M another
f Wbd God ! Sif, carried —
tifl this doing their dit^ With dawily.
Kklcat **

444 The M A G A Z INS of M A « A Z.I N E S,
and decjgre, that the — approves Such letter desires the troops to go on, as
unprovoked cruelty ? It can never he. they have done, with alacrity, that is,
1 will
neverhelieve it. The letter can- to be his (Qurthering Ministers, to kill
not be wrote by any man, wjjo has the the English, like flocks of Sparrows, in
compon feelings of humanity, much absolute wantonnefs, without pity orrelefs
by a Nobleman of education, bro't morse.
up not under the Tories, but under the I am however, Sir, rather inclined to
true friends of liberty, who is of some think that the letter in question is a forlorn
of character and abilities, and.tho' gery. It states in exprefs terms an abnot
too sull of the milk of human kind- lolute impossibility, " that his — highnefi,
not a Baibarian, nor a Savage ly approves .of rrie conduct of both the
blond thirsty Minister of the absolute officers and men, and means that his
dcpr$es of a sanguinary Muly Ifmael. r— approbation should be communicat-
But it is poffible that the signature ed to them." In the conclusion it is said
B—pay mean Lord B***,and—office " that every possible regard shall be
maybe his private office, from whence shewn to them ; their zeal and gond bewithout
the —' s knowledge, fo many haviour upon this occasion dpserve it,
orders of the J aft importance have if- and in cafe any difagreeable circumfued,
as much-the fabric of" his Lord- stance should happen in the execution
ihipand his private junto, as their peace oS their duty, they shall have every deof
Paris, although neither the name of fence and protection that the law can
Stuarc nor .Bu;e appeared even co that, authorize, and his office can give." It
but others were ordered to sign. We cannot be, Sir, that the first Magistrate
cannot fee in a more glaring light the oS diis country could command Such
difference between a beloved King and thanks to begiven to the officers and Sol-
A deteftpd favourite than we now do at dicrs Sor whatan English Jury had found
home. . The . King loves the English, to be wilsul murder, and that the first
and is beloved by tbeui. B hates, Magistrate should be a Prince of the
and is hated by the whole bndy.of this house of Biunfwick. There cannot be
nation. In the year 1763 he would not imagined fo great an inconsistency,
venture to dine with the Lord Mayor Then, to allude to Such a crime as
in our capital, 'till he had. Secured a Set —, and to call it only a disagreeable
of brpisei* as his bndy-guard, under the circumstance* to promife every possible
conduct oS one Ricbardfoii, and a>n- regard, every deSence, every protection,
tracted with him to insure his life for which words mull he intended to hold
the day. How narrowly has he tyvice out the idea and hope of a pardoo, and
escaped here the sury of an injured peo- to beg_the troops to be eager to comple?
and. pay he ever eseape it, to be ;mit future murders on the fame.condijelerved
for the just punishment of his tion, and such sull security* by desiring
public crimes, after fo fair a trial and them to continue, as they have dore,
fo full a conviction, that Scarcely;.a Scot to perform their duty with alacrity; all
or a courtier, may remain, who will these: particulars harrow up my Soul,
have So little sense of shape as even to and would leave me a prey to madnefs
whisper that he is guiltlefs! From his and deSpair, if I were not sarisfied the
whole conduct we may be sure .the late whole was a forgery, a mere invention
massacre is grateful to him, though not of some malignant Spirit, who seeks our
to hia.inafter, who wishes to fee us live destruction. The — I am perSuaded, is
and prosper, whereas the interest of the grofsly abused in this whole affair, and
real.Minister, the Scot, is that we may nis sacred nime unwarrantably made ufe
bo deftroynd, or at leaft broke down to of to purposes he neither knows nor can
his yoke, that his creatures may seize approve. His r—heart I am sure bleeds
and riot in the spoils, and therefore the for the late cruel and unjuft sufferings

of his dear people, whom he loves and
cherishes, and I expect that we shall
soon fee a proclamation for the apprehending
Alexander Murray, Esq; who
has absconded since the verdict of the
Coroner's inquest, in the fame manner
as there was in the late reign for his
name fake and uncle, although that was
ouly for not kneeling before the House
of Commons,not for wilful murder. The
— is our common father,and we know
him to be an indulgent and merciful parent
to us all.- We are therefore sure
that he grieves still more than we do at
the unmerited distrefs and irreparable
lols of some worthy , families. Besides
the painful feelings which the tendernefs
of his nature cannot sail to give on
fo affecting an occasion, he has the additional
concern as our Sovereign, as
the great guardian of the lives of the
people committed to his care, that he
lias loft several good and faithful Subjects,
who pight have been as useful
to the ftate as to their own families,
now, alas! forever deprived of all hope
and comfort—But, Sir, my mind is too
deeply affected to dwell longer on such
horrid scenes —I am forced to conclude,
but I cannot forbear crying out in the
words of Shakespeare,
I think your country sinks beneath the
yoke.
It weeps: it blends; and each new
day a gash ,
Is added to her wounds.
for M AI Y, 1768. 445
I am,'&c.
An Account of tbe Cafe of tbe People of
Neufcbatel in Switzerland, in tbeir
Difpute with tbe King of PRUSSIA
tbeir Sovereign.
F EW ftates, next to the English, enjoy
so much liberty as the little
principality of Neufchatel and Valangin
in Switzerland., before their prefent difputes
with tfierr Sovereign. A prooS
oSthis is their assigning in the year 1707,
hy their own authority, to the King oS
Prussia, the right of succession to that
Sovereignty, after the deceafe of the
Dutchefs of Nemours, their laft Sovereign
of the line of Longueville, when
Several Princes * and ftates laid a claim
to the Succession; previous to the adjudging
which, the people made the
pretenders to the Succession promise and
Swear the observation of nine general
articles, confirming the privileges formerly
granted to the people at several
times by their Sovereign. Thefe privileges
having lately been fomewhat infringed
by an illegal act of authority of
the King's Governor, the people would
not allow it; and the King not chasing
to recede, appealed: to their neighbours
and allies the canton of Bern, who gave
two sentences in his-favour against the
people of Neufchatd ; thefe - are the
two sentences that the latter refused to
fubmit to, 'till compelled, by the canton
of Bern ordering a corps of 8000
men to march to the frontiers to enforce
their sentences in cafe they were not
accepted. The reasons of the Neofchatelois
for not submitting to the sentences
were, their not acknowledging
for their Judge the ftate of Bern, who
had ' no right to decide this affair, that
right belonged to the SovereignTribunal
of the principality of Neulchatel and
Valangin, for the very reafon that it
was this same Sovereign Tribunal that
named the King of Pruflia to the fuc-
' cession of that principality.
Love of liberty is the motive of this
letter: the fame cause may, perhaps,
occasion your hearing farther from me
on this subject. S. M.
I Now
to tbe PRINTER, tfc. '
fend you the extract I promised
you of a letter from "NeufchatH
in Switzerland, dated the 27th of April.
In my laft I acquainted you that we
' expected here Mr. Derfchau, the King's
Minister and Plenipotentiary, togerber
with Mr. Gaudot the Advocate-general,
who was to be inftalled, Lieutenantgovernor,
Attorney-general, and receiver
of the rents. They arrived laft
Sunday
King George I. then elector of Hanover, was one.

446 The MIODZIKI of MAGAZINES,
Sunday evening. The Sieur Gaudot —Mr. Dersehau, who hnd Sent to quell
** WOnld not go to the castle with Mr. the tumult, but to no purpose, asked
Dersehau, who had invited him," but of the Magistrates if they Would anfwer
slighted at his house with an uncommon for the life of the Sletir Gaudot ? They
»ir of consequence, obServed by a con- positively said th£y colild not, having
course of people present: as foon as he done all that was pO&ble in that affair.
wa« in, a great number of heys flock- He then offered to the people to fond
ed there and surrounded the house, a coach for the SieUr Giudot to carry
when they began to call him by all the him out of the cou&ffy, with a promise
injurious names that he deserved: he that he &ou1d never return. A coachattempted
to filence them with threats, man could hardly he found that Would
but one amongst them said to him, go; at last one Was"prevailed Upon,
" Yon are tbe chief cause of our fa- who had Soon cauSe to repent, his coacH
thera being compelled by force to yield having been overturned, though followup
their privileges, the lofs of which ed by the King's livery : but as soon as
will fdll heavieft upon us: our revenge he asked to go hack, the people Help;
is juft,i and we are resoived to exert all ed him to get up to his coach,
our powers to recover our liberty, which The Lady of the Siciif Gaudcft p6rwe
will begin to by extirpating you." ceiving that no help Coiitd CoMe to
Thet feidy they provided stones, and them, desired leave to gh diit of the
broke ill the windows in the houfe: a houfe : she was anfwejedr * Madap,
Prtfffian Soldler Sallied out oS it Sword in that you may do in aft safety; he not
hand, to intimidate them: they rushed afraid, tfur vengeance dO'ei hot reach
upon him, knocked him down, broke you, and is only against your hufb'and,
1ns Sword, nnd aSter a Severe drubbing whe has been a traitor to his cduntry.*
let him go. The Sieur Gaudot Seeing She accordingly retired without tbe
thet Ibe affair began to take a Serious least irafulc. Mr. Dersehau being udtton,
get arms rdady, herraCaded him- eafy, asked, of thefrenadicfs if he r£n
self and VoWed Vengeance} upon which no risk ? They said he; th£y krieW
fome vfomen being come to the assist- that what he had done was Conformance
of the heys, tbey continued he- able to the orders of his mafter, and
faring and throwing ftones ar the houfe he had been feoffor that piirptfe; that
liff four o'clock in the morning, when the SiOtlr Gaudot was the only object
they Were relieved by another number of their vengeance,
of men and women; these mnde them- These Were the transactions of the
Aftes masters of the lower part of the Monday; at night, the people afraid
hottse, went into the cellar, drank a led this hated man should at laft efcovple
of glasses of wine each, broke to cape, proceeded to break all the doors
pieeft casks, bottles, and all that was open; he then hid himself between
there, yet far from being drunk, they fWO doOrt, Where a joiner having dif-
«Sd aft this with the greatest presence COiefed him, cried, " he is certainly
of mind, without noise, and as if they here;" but paid clear for his difcovery,
had heed fo nsany people at work. The the Sieur Gaudot instantly shot him
Idaghtrary sent one Of their members to dead, and wounded two others, but
quiet them, Who was told, that having was overpowered, having received felet
the right of police be taken from veral shots, which put an end to his
them, thry hed no authority there. A life.
free company of grenadiers was next lie had with him hi b nephew, who
ordered under aims, to place guards saved himseif by climbing up the chim-
'about the hesieged hoofe: they took ney, leaving his boots behind, which
arPs to guard the ciry, thry said, but hang there to this day.
lefused to go where they were ordered. As
Aa seen as this enemy of his cp»ttj
bed fallen, the children proclaimed it
thro' all the streets, with many huzzas,
ind the cries of * liberry and our country
for ever.'' The multitude wanted
to drag his eerpfe to the gallows, but
was prevented. Every thing in the
house was Beat broke, cut to pieces,
and thrown out at the window, but
nothing was stolen. His relations are
very much at a loss what burial to
give him: no workman would make
his coffin, fo great was the hatred he
had brought on himself from the people.
Mr. Dersehau has sent an account of
tbe whele to the King, what the confluences
will he nobody can yet tell.
The abuve is a circumstantial relation,
to which let me subjoin the following
reflections.
When men enjoy the fweetnesa of
liberry, thry are in poffeffion of a hapr
pinesa tbe more to be cherished as it is
a gift Srom heaven ; hence, if amongft
those who aim at dignities, some are
sound who try to predominate over
their fellow Subjects, and, whe, in
fact, use contrivances to attain that
end, Such monsters are odious to society,
and it is to he wished for tbe
sake of peace and happiness, that tbey
be rooted out. This precisely has happened
to he the above mendoned illsated
man: ambition was his ruin;
happy in a private ftation of life, which
the emoluments of his profession and
employ of Admiral-general, enabled
him to support, in a genteel and agreeable
way,' esteemed heretofore as a
man of tense and talents, he was not
satished but wished for more. He saw
with pleasure the broils that agitated,
bis country fo far as he expected, to
make them subservient to his interested
views. Accordingly, .besides several
hurtful practices and acts of iogratitnde
to his oountry, he wrote a hook wherein
he absurdly endeavoured to bring to
nought its liberty, and to prove moft
fallaciously that the Sovereign had a
right to take away all the privileges
«f the people. He succeeded that way
Fsr M K Y, i F76t; /
even beyond his hopes j for foon after
the publication of that book he wsa>
appointed to the firft places in the state^
but fate overtook him before he couldenjoy
them ; the very day on which he
was to be installed, inftead of the prion
of his baseness, which he thought he
was going to receive, he met with aa
untimely and violent death. What a
difference between his na^ow, corrupted
mind, and the noble spirit of
his own brother, e military veteran,
who in an assembly of the people, to
consider what was to be done in their
critical situation, made a speech, silled
with sentiments of liberry and patronifm,
was for standing out to the la&
drop of blond in defence of their righcc
and privileges, and offered to he one
of the foremost S. M.
Mayio, 1768.
btftruBiont to Refrefetflatiwet U
for-je in Parliament, elected is lie
Tear 1768.
Ad Paenam pulehra Pro IJbfTWt VOr
CAbit—
Vendidjc Hie Auro Pafrpm.—f Viijj.
WE, a confiderable part of your
electors, as yet your free and
independent, electors, domoftearseftr
ly recommend to you, our representatives
in Parliament, to enquire, and
we do alfo defire and expect that you
will
I. Enquire by whose advice it was,
that a fefar ate peace was conclnded
with France and Spain in 1762, by
which a flagrant breach of national
faith was committed, being in direct
opposition to all treaties Subsisting between
our gallant ally the King of
Prussia, and his late Majefty of glorious
memory, renewed and consumed
by his present Majefty after his aCcefsion,
in a treaty bearing date December
12, 1760, of the fourth article:
of which the following is a translation.
" The HIGH CONTRACTING row-
E AS moreover engage, viz. on the one
side his B a I T A N S 1 c MA J E s T Y , as well
• ' XING

448 The M A 6 A Z I N E of M A G A \Z I N E S,
KING as ELBCTOK, and oo the other
part his'PaussIAN MAJESTY, NOT-.J
xo CONCLUDE any treaty 0) peace,
trucey or neutrality, or other conventi-!
on or agreement whatever with the
powers who have taken part in the
prefent war, but IN CONCERT and by.
MUTUAL AGREEMENT, and by comprehending
each other by NAME."
• Signed, Robert Henley, C. S.
Granville, P.
' .rw ^Holies Ncwcafl'e.
Holdernefje.
; j < Hardvuicke.
, . William Pitt.
• A treaty of peace was notwithstanding,
entered into and concluded at Paris
-between England, France and Spain,
1without the conjen t and mutual Agreement
of the King of Prussia *, and without
comprehending him by name, in
defiance of the above article of a most
Solemn treaty and engagement between
his prefent Majesty and the King of
Prussia, and within lefs than two years
from the date thereof; by which the
honour and PUBLIC FAITH ot the nation
became a sacrifice to evil counfellors
and corrupt Ministers : and we do,
therefore, request of you, our representatives,
and do, hereby, call upon you
to use your utmost endeavours to trace
out, detect and bring to condign punifbment
all such evil counsellors, and corjrupt
Ministers, by whofe advice the
NATIONAL FAITH has been thus ignominioufly
profiitu/ed, and traiterouf-
Jy broke and forfeited. ,
- II. We desire and expect that you
will enquire by whofe advice, it was,
thatafter a GLORIOUS WAR, and;a
: series of amazing conquests, carried on
'.with uninterrupted fuccefs in every part
• • •
ofthe globe, and beyond the example
offormer ages, the mo/I valuable of
thofe conquests, particularly the RICH
and important CITY and dependencies
of the HA v A UNA, and the fertile island*
of GUADALUPE and MARTINICO
were ceded to the enemy ; and that at
a time when our Auihaffador, it is said,
was in actual treaty for one of them,
and the cession but little litigated on the
part of the Ministers of France, when
he received pofitive orders to sign the
preliminary articles of the peace : and
we alfo recommend and expect you will
enquire by whofe advice it was, that
the MANILLA ranSom money still detained
-and with-held, in open breach
ot public honour, and pubjic sairh on
the part of the crown of Spain, and in
defiance of the sacred articles of capitulation,
- was not infixed on; but the
just and national claim tamely and submissively
given up, to the great discredit
of the kingdom. r ••
III. We desire and expect that you
will enquire by whose advice it was that
a STAMP-ACT was imposed upon the
colonies ; an act, according to the opinion
of the greatest lawyer in this kingdom,
publicly declared, " To be in its
very existence absolutely ILLEGAL;
contrary to the fundamental laws of the
constitution of ENGLAND ; a conftitytion,
whofe foundation and center is
LIBERTY; which fends liberty to
very fubject that is, or may happen it
be, within any part of its ample circumference
: taxation and reprefentatios
are infeparable, they are coeval with,
apd essential to our happy constitution,
and the colonies are not represented in
the British Parliament." The Supreme
power in the opinion of that consummate
- / N O T E.
Tbe French knew the hegociation of the peace was in the hands of Lord
and mat fo Sar from supporting our great Protestant ally, his Lordfhip
.was determined to abandon him. The King of Prussia complained, that hew»»
actually betrayed by the Scottish Minister, and he spoke publicly of the offer*
made by his Lordship to the late Czar, for difmembering his dominions.
" I heard Lord • • • declares in a great assembly, that tbe dominions of th
King of Pruffia vjere to be fcrambled for; the most indecent, vulear, and inf»*
moos expression for an ally of the crown of England, which any Minister e»e
uttered." London, St. James's Chronicle. May 3, 1768.

mate reasoner and - politician Mr*-
Lopkt;"" cannot take from any man,
any tart of his property w it bout bit
owkxonjent; and the. colonies have a
right to expect and look for protection
and not chains from their mother-country
: we defire, therefore, that you
will enquire by whofe advice it was,
that our colonies were irritated by measures
inconfistent with gend policy,
not to fay, common equity, and thole
measures publicly avowed and defended
by general maxims and arguments,
Which strike at the root of all public
LIBERTY at home and abroad: A
DISPENSING POWER contended for
For M A Y,M I S M VFC 44*
greateftand strongest btrfwark- of
glish liberty, broke down andjftturfpled 1 '
under foot; the powers oif which 1 were
never known to be even JUfptytded^ktX
in times of public dsnger'^iof fttfpected
conspiracies, open rtbdlitojiorwheiW
fofeign enemy was inamsin the kingdom
: the SuSpenlion of the halftets
corpus act, tho' by aittborify of Par*
liament, is ever underftond'to he aifef«<
pehsion of the liberty df^he fubjed;
And we, therefore, desire and expect
that you will enquire bp whose ndvice
it was, that private, persons in officer
armed with that irOn engine of oppreS-
fion, and bearing that igrioritinioui badge
on one occafion, and on aoother, ju- of slavery a general warrant, were
RIES precluded from being judges of employed or Jet on and encouraged> to
LAW as well as PACT, in cafes where dare to do that by tbemfetvtsf which
the liberty, the property, and even the King, Lords, and Common^ tbe three
LIFE of a fellow-fubjed depend upon estates of the realm can only do togk*
their VERDICT ; and alfo, by whofe ther. ""JP bie p •! u, I
advice, and by what authority a Po- - V. We defire and recommend tdyon
PISH BISHOP was sent to the Protejlant moft earnestly, to ufa your utmost e»settlement
of Canada. ' deavours to promote a remedial bill in
IV. We defire and expect that you Parliament for quieting tbe pofjejjttn of
will enquire by what authority it was the Subject, and to prevent Mitoitfb&s
that a reprefentative of the people in 1 under the crown from harassing the pfi-
Pariiament was feized in his own house, vate subject with antiquated claipi,
dragged out of his own houfe, and in vexatious Suits, andtbrents of confif-
'defianceof the habeas 'corpus act, and cation, giving thereby a (both to the
magna charta, imprij.ned\n the Tow- whole landed property'throughotft the
er of London ; and although for a bail- kingdom, and other deteftabler'prOable
offence, no person suffered to ceedings inconfiftent with the; freedom
come near him for three days in order of the British constitution, and the rights
- to hail him: all his papers the moft and privileges of the people: and thet
fecret of them rifled and carried away, you will do your utmost to rescue pri-
T under an avowed defign of collecting vate property from the violence, aroievidence
against him for a fuptofed li- trary encroachments, breach of faith,
bel; thereby obliging'a freeborn En- -injustice and tyranny of profligate and
glishman to turn his own accufer, con- corrupt Ministers. >
trary to the known laws of the land. VI. We requeftalfo, and reconnnen 1
We alfo defire and expect, that you p you to enquire, how it come to pasa
will use your utmoft endeavours to find that the eldeft fonsof Peers of Scodand,
out.by whom it was that a writ of ha-- who are declared incapable to reprebeat
corpus, granted by a Chief JuJlice feet anv herough or shire in that kingwasi
eluded, and its authority difoheyed^ dom, mould be permitted to represent
m time of public peace and tranquili- any borough or shire in England. And
ty; and the act tf habeas corpus, that why, when 9 all the Commons of
VOL. XXXV. L 1 1 Scotland
N O T E,
* Article 22 of the Act of Union. ! « A writ shall he immediately issued,
&c.

40P The M A G A z I of MAGAZINES,
to the aift of
MtK>», represented by for ly-five Member*
in the British .Parliament, Scotch
C.ot}thohert are permitted to represent
IWtish boioughs, and to have addition«/voices
in ParUaoient t and whether
the permitting Scotch Commoners and
e&eft sons of Peers of Scotland, to sit
in Parliament for English boroughs, be
nMiacwlfistent with, and contradictory
tO, the true jpirit of the act of union :
and whether a single inftance can be
prnduced since that act took place,
where arty «neEflglish G>mm"ner was
eVer returned to Parliament to represent
a shire or borough in Scotland: we recommend
ta y'^i in your enquiries to
consider the true /fit it of the act of umon:
the Lord's House took care to
preVfent any northern irruptions upon
the Eoglifh »f hility ; the Dukes of
Hamilton and Queenfberry are not at
sat this'day allowed to fit in their house,
-though actually created English Dukes
hy the titles of Brandon and Dover.
iThe wlfdom of the Lords gave this c^>nrstructioh
to the act of union ; they restrained
and confined the North British
.representatives in their houfe to tbe
-htrraber fixed by the act of union, the
^number sixteen. Is it not then eatraor-
•dinary that the Hmfe oS C^im^us
iheukl open a door which the other has
i.jbut ? Or can it be suppofed, with any
t degree of reafon or propriety, that the
- rflanters of the act of union could ever
of anion, it is tiaae they Jbould he Jo,
or, ia the procefs of a few years, a
Swarm may be brought in upon us that
may be too ftrong for English representatives
to turn out. Remember the
speech of one of your predecessors, and
imprint it in your hearts : " Mr. Speaker,
I hear a lion roaring in the lobby ;
shall we shut the door, Sir, against him,
or shall we let hr«p in, to see if we
are able to tuin him out again ?" If
the prefent Scotch Commoners, already
elected, are permitted to enjoy their
Seats in the enSuing Parliament, the
number will encreaSe upon you in an
other ; and in time, all the Subjects oS
England will be taxed by a majority of
Scotch Members : Flagrant abSurdity !
Intolerable yoke ! In this caSe, which is
far from being impossible, and which
event .perhaps is nearer taking place
than the generality of the people may
imagine, it is not a portion of Members
of tbe Scotch Parliament sent by
depuration to the British Houfe of Commons,
who fit there, but it is the Scotch
Parliament affembled in England.
For which important reafons, we moft
earnestly recommend to you to propofe
an enquiry into the true Spirit of the aft
oS union ; and as far as in you lies, by
all conftiptiunal endeavours, to exclude
Scotch COoimoners already elected, exceeding
the number of forty-five, and
not representing shires or boroughs in
Scotland, from a seat or voice in the
mesa to her acceSs to natives of British Parliament; -and to promote a
- : ®CO'landAoun becoming members of resolution oS the House of Commons
, the parr OSthe legislature beyond their whereby they may be declared incapal
dimited number, and give them free nd- hie to fit in that Houfe : and that this
mittance into the other? It never was, Speaker may he ordered to issue out the
rir never cOuld he their intent; and if warrants to the Clerk of the Crown to
r Scotch Commoners have not hitherto make out new writs for the electing
been eXprefly restrained from intruding representatives in their room, according
-upon theleghjature of South Britain be- to former precedents *.
yond-their stipulated number by the act
VIL We
T E.
rkc. for the Summoning the fixteen Peers, and sor electing forty-five Members,
••» by -whom Scotlandis-io benprefented in the Parliament of Great Britain."
December 6, 1708. The Commons ordered the Speaker to issue out his
Warrants-to the Clerks of the Crown, to make ournew writs for the electing Coroimlffioriers&r
the shire ef Aberdeen, in the room of Win, Lord Haddo ; and
' So
\

VII. We defire and expect, that yon
willuSe your utmost endeavours, by aH •
constitutional meaSures in your power,
that a laW may paSs Sor rejloring triennial
Parliaments: Triennial Parliaments
were established Soon after -f the
glorious revolution took place, which
saved this kingdom from impending,
from inevitable destruction. They were
established as the best security for the
constitution againft the arbitrary attempts
of all wicked and deugning
Ministers in futuro ; frequent elections
deprive them of that enormous influence
and po^ver they now have to corrupt
the representatives of the people,
and to secure a venal majority of Members
in the Houfe of Commons, which
might prevent, or put a fiop to, all enquiries
into their public conduct.
Thefe conftitutional triennial Parliaments
were firft uncon/litutionally laid
afide in the year 1716, on a fiate necej/ity,
and when the public was tha't
to be in immediate danger; a Scotch
rebellion barely quaffed, and in the
ioSancy oS a new Succession to tbe
throne: Unconditionally laid afide,
becaufe the people had no choice of their
representative!; and Surely nothing
could be more extravagantly absurd
shan that the representatives of the
ptopte should choofe themjelves, vote
themfelves into their own Seats, and fit
like Peers in their own right, at the
Same time deriving their authority Srom
the people ; a manifest contradiction in
terms! No man constitutionally can
continue himfelS in deputation Sor a
longer term of years than he is deputed
for } and the Houfe oS Peers and the
HuSe of Commons which continued
that triennial Parliament of 1716 for
f 'even years, might by the fame authority
have continued it for a term still
longer, might have made it perpetual;
For M A Y, IJM*
N O
and this would have hertt dri' expreft
and abfolute fubverfton of the third
estate of the realm. The House f of
Common? that did ir was no House of
Commons of England, after the expiration
ot the three years for which
they were elected; at that time they
became a house merely of common, or
rather uncommon men, and, ftrictly
speaking, ware no longer a House oif
Parliament, or composed of the third
ejlate of tbe kingdom.
The ufurpation of thefe feptennial
Parliaments (for fo, perhaps, it might
be called) has been continued ever finee,
though the Same reasons (fiate neceflitits}
which then prevailed^ are no
more in being, and subfift no longer 1 ;
but the Same reaSons Sor eftablishing
short and triennial Parliaments remain
ftill, and are equally in force new as
at the revolution. Septennial Parliaments
have a long time been complained
of as a heavy national grievance,
and can be agreeable to none but illdefigning
Ministers, and felf-interefted
repiesenta'jves of the people; tbe Soon-
er therefore, they are abolished, and
triennial Parliaments reftofed, the
sooner may we expect tbe halcyon retBA
of public virtue to blels thefe kingdefrn*;
the Sooner may we expect to brpSe the
head of corruption, and to keep down
all aspiring, arbitrary, over-hearing favourites,
ever as dangerous as obnoxious
to the community. Mipitypr$ and
favourites have the means of corruption
now in their hands, but thefe would
be greatly diminished, u if not only the
fejftqns of Parliament, but the Parliament
itjelf were reduced to the ancient
and primitive conftitujlon and
practice offrequent and new Parliaments;
for asagrod ministry WW neither
practice or heed corruption, fo it
L II 2 5 ' Cfppt
T E.
for the shire of Linlithgo, in the room of James Lord Johnftown, »,>.%» un.,^
(lest sops of Peers of Scotland, were declared to be inctpabU (0 fit in ri\athquft,"
How much greater the impropriety for such Coi .inoners or tof
er whatever to fit in that hen re for English shires or boroughs. " v .
f December 22, 1694.

452 The M C A G A 2 I N E 'of M'a G A Z I N E S,
cannot be ,any man's intent p provide law, and liberty ; for thefe reaSons we
for the Security of a bad one *." do uiost earnestly recommend to you
For thple reaSons, and many, others our representatives, and eSpecially if
which could be added, being thorough- you prosels revolution principles, to
ly confipce^ oif the utility arising, to the use all confti utionsl means in your
nation from ftort Parliaments,, and power, that a law may be paffed, in
the great danger arifing to the con- the approaching session, for limiting the
ftitutionJi9P /fl«g ores : and as being duration of this prefent and ail juture
also| a means to cuib tbe growth and Parliaments to THREE YEARS AT
prevent tbe .spreading of corruption, and MOST.
tofepair the breaches made in the con- • VIII. We do alfo recommend to you,
ftitution by the innovation of a septen- to piomote an cnuuiry, by which the
nlal Parliament, and to remecly the constitution iVse/JTmay be examined indisappointment
So Severely selj. by the to according to its' firft principles, in
nation in 1722, when trieunisj Pajlia- order to correct fuch abufes as may
pents were not, according to the.uni- have crept in through length of . time,
versal expectation of the people, restor- and to supply fuch deSects as may be
ed totheui, and the constitutional lights wanting, and to restore it as nearly as
and libertiespf the Commons of England it can be done to its original princir
tberehy pore firmly, secured and estab- pies: And, alfo, that the repreSenta-
4lished, on$be bafis + built Sor thein by tive authority of the kingdom may be
their;great and glorious deliverer. King - more equally settled,
.^illiain* W whom we owe religion, IX. We
N O T E.
9 Lord's protest in 1716.
," It is.the sate of weak Princes," says Lord Iyttleton, " to think that they
; ate n?verso, well served as by thofe of whose authority the people complain tbe
.*»«st;,and to make the public hatred a ground of tbeir confidence ; as if such
.pfrfpty, having no other strength or protection to depend upon, muft belong more
p them, and be more devotedly attached to their interest."
w ;

IX. We rceoounend to you, and
strictly charge you, caresully and impartially
to enquire into the conduct of all
Such returning officers, of whofe proceedings
complaint shall at any time be
made before the house; and to do
justice to the nation by bringing all
luch to condign punifbment, who shall
appear to have violated the -right of
'retbolders and legal voters at elections;
thereby invading the birth-right
and privilege of the British subject*
and flagrantly insulting the conjlitution
and liberty of tbeir country *.
We also recommend to you, to promote
a bill for laying a duty of ios.
per hundred weight on sugar, which
according to the best calculation made
by a late Great Chancellor of the Exchequer,
(Mr. Legge) univerfally acknowledged
to be the moft able financier
in Eurof e, will raife 500,000!.
per annum; and . to, repeal thereby the
additional tax upon beer Substituted in
its room in the year 1754, and which
has ever since been levied with Such
peculiar cruelty and oppression upon
the laborious poor of this great kingdom
; the poor, already diftressed ana
almoft famished bv the high and extravagant
prices of" provisions and corn;
the reduction of which high and extravagant
prices we alfo moft earneftly
recommend to your consideration in
Parliament ; and that you will uSe your
utmoft endeavours to give relieS to the
crying and very alarming necessities of
the indigent and induftnous part of the
nation, your Sellow subjects, and many
For M A Yt 1768. 4 St
the two following Papers,, having
raifed the Curiofiiy of the Public^
we Jball infert thews here.
i
The NORTH BRITON, Numb L.VT
May i8, 1768.
THE following le'ter has been Sent
to me by one of my correspondents
; and, as the Subject oS it is particularly
adapted to the preSent _ critical
juncture, I have thought proper, immediately
to lay it before,the public.
To tbe Right Hon. W—m L-d M-f-d,
Lord Chief Jttfiice of tbe
• Court of King's Bench, and one of
bis Mojeflfs mofi Hon. Privy Council.
Tuy quid ego & pofulus mecum deft deret,
audi. T . HOR.-
MY LORD, , • >
I
.
T is commonly obferved, and, I believe,
with gicat juftice, that truth
is Seldom Sussered to approach the ear
oS Kings. Surrounded, as they perpetually
are, with crowds of flatterers,
whose study it is tc keep rliem in a profound
ignorance of the state of their affairs,
they are never permitted to fee
with their own eyes, but must always
fee with the eyes of others ; and thus
viewing every thing through a false m.e.diuui,
they are naturally, and almost
necessarily, led to embrace councils,
and pursue measures, inconfiftent with
their own interest, and with the intereft
Of their subjects.. The same obferva-
tion, my Lord, will hold true, tho' in a
of them your condiments and electors. Jefs degree, of all men in an exalted ftaiV7
ik* tjun ; for, mixing very little vith the
The Proceedings that have been in body of the people, they can never he
Confequence of tbe Publication of thoroughly acquainted with their leal
' . f ' Sentiments,
lul
N O T E.
• In the Houfe of Commons of Ireland, in the sessions of 1756, the prefer
Earl of Arran, (then'Sir Arthur Gore) upon a petition before the Houfi?, ^complaining
oS undue proceedings, and of a false re'urn for the county of Wexford,
made use of this remarkable expression in a debate, " that the kingdom of -Irefc
land had been scourged by Sheriffs:" and moved the Houfe that, the High Sheriff
of Wexford, having acted in an arbitrary, illegal manner, be taken into
the cuftndy of the Serjeant a: arms attending the House, and be commuted to
Newgate; which was agreed to by the H ufe without a division.

The M A 4 A t I M E of lif A » A Z 1 N E S,
sentiments, bat are apt to mistake, for Lordship knows, in many cases, tho'
the voice of the public, the partial re- will not fay in this, is the greatest "
presentations of their Creatures and de- justice, agreeable to the ©M
adage,|but
pendants -.i v fummum jus, somyia injuria.
To this cause, my Lord, and to this As to the alteration,which your Lord
alone, can be ascribed your late conduct ship ordered to be made in the record,
cowards Mf. Witkes ; for had you been Mr. Wilkes has already told you, in 0,
folly apprized of thepreSent ill-humour pen court, that it is unconstitutional.
of the people—owing, it is true, to a that he is advised it is Hlegal ; and that
variety of other reasons— your Lordship, neither of the two verdicts could hav«
I iffi confident, could never have taken been found against him, if such alteras
step, that was likely to set this ilt-hu- tion had not taken place. I will not,
aooar in motion, 10 the great difturb- my Lord, enter into any difcufficai of
snce of the public peace, and at the thefe nice points of law, for which !
tunifeft hazard of overturning the con- muft consuls myself to be altogether un-
AmarioR. I say, my Lord, at the mani- qualified. I will only observe, that this
feft hazard of overturning the conftim- was acting a part very incotisiftent with
tion ;. for, ir once matters are brought what has always been supposed to by
fo such a pass, that tbe law cannot be tbe dury of a Judge, viz. that be
executed "Without a military force, the should act as County for the defendant,
constitution of England is overturned Was not this, my Lord, rather acting as
from its foundation. How far that Council for the prosecutor ? I have, 1
was the cafe on a late melancholy oe- think, heard ofa man faving his life be
Cafion, or how far it is likely to he the araifnomer; but, for the suture, I
ease 00 some not very diftant similar oc- suppose, if your Lordfljip can help it,
cation, I leave your Lordship to deter- no man shall save himfeif from death,
mine. But the danger that is paft might or from any other punishment the lav
cafily have been prevented, and that can inflict, by any informality in the
which still threatens us,may as eafily he proceedings agaioft him.
prevented, by your Lordship's mild and I know, my Lord, that all possible
moderate conduct. reSpect is due to the person pf a Judge,
Had you treated Mr. Wilkes with while he behaves in a manner becomfhat
lenity and indulgence, which the ing his character: but I know at die
law authorizes, and which the circum- fame time, that there is an express lav,
'fiances of the time render indifpenflbly which fays, u For M A Y, i
ra
*ss
•it Mr. Wilkes robal, it cannot he de- is passed upon him, I am ndt, for ay
Ibied, that your Lorddsp is poffessed of own part, Sufficiently skilled in die law
in-la fcietionary power in this particular;' tb determine, f only know, thet there
then k may be observed, that a wise ate several laws which Say, that after
naa would exercise every discretionary Verdict given in any court of record at
power, with s dae regard tothe princi- Weftmmstar, judgment shall not he
ples of equity, and thefoatimentsofthe ftayed for want of form in a writ, oouot,
people. But has your Lordship shewn plaint, &c. f But how far thrie 1awa
a proper regard to either of these con- are applicable to tbe present cafe, I will
fiderations, in admitting to bail a noble- not take upon me to affirm. If, indeed;
man for a rape, and an officer and n it he true, as is commonly reported,
soldier for murder, and yet refusing the that your Lordship need not, or can not,
fame favour to a man, whe is fa id to pass judgment upon Mr. Wilkes, until
have wrotea libel against «he mintftry? you are requested to do fo by the Af-
Are Tapes and murders, my Lord, tproeygeneral; and that the Attorney-
crimes iks odious in themselves, or Ids general, if he pleases, need never mske
pernicious to society, than libels ? Fuch a requeft; and that, therefore, k
But petfeaps you will tell me, thet is in the power of your Lordship, and
the rape was committed only upon a the Attorney-general, to imprison Mr.
1 Httkmtiiner and the murder upon a Wilkes for any indeterminate time, of,
common citizen ; whereas ithelibel was in truth, for ever, without passing judg-
Supposed to he secretly aimed at no leSs ment upon him-: ifall this, my Lord,
perScmagethanJhe great Earl of Bute; he true, I wftl not fay, that your Lord-
and that tbe enormity of aHertmes-istto ship has ufofped a power which the law
be determined, not by their own intrin- has not Allowed you; heft this I wHl
sic nature, or their dangerous influence say, that it the law has allowed you
upon society, but bythcdlgriity of the fuch a power, ft allows jou a power
iperSon against whom they were com- which it has not allowed to the KSojg,
mitted. I It now, my Lord, that this is or 'to either or both houses of Parlia-
tbe spirit of^thelawsof Japan ; but I ment, and, which, indeed, tt aught not
believe it never was, and 4 hope it ne- to allow to any man, or to aey body
ver will he, the Spirit'of the laws of of-men, in a free goverement. The
England. Perhaps, too, you wtflal- habeas corpus act has -efFe&uaflyfeearledge,
and, indeed 4t Is said you have ed us againft all mrbttraiy bnprijwtt*
.riresdypuMidy alledged, that you can- nreias from the crown; andthoogh the
that if a Judge will fo not admit Mr. Wilkes 'to bail without two houses of parliament pretend to a
necessery, the Miniftry would not haye far forget the dignity and henour qf his the consent of rhe prosecutor, the At- power of dispensing with' this act, fee
had even the flighted pretext—and, after poft, as to turn Sollicitor in a cafe torney General. I should be gladthen, do their imprisonments cease immediate-
all, thry had nothing but a pretext—for which he is to judge, he may be desk to know, whether you bad •Mifs'Wondly upon tbe riling of the session. So
drawing Out the militant force, to af- with according to the capacity, to which cook^s consent to admit Lord Baltimore that, if the report sftove-

456 The M A G A Z I N' E of M A C A Z I N E S,
ipent (as it-may be called) isparticnlar-:
ly hard in Mr. Wilkes's cafe. 1 acknowledge,
indeed, that where ,a pan
has been guilty ot a crime, which Subjects
bim p a Severer punishment than
that oS imprisonment, a little confinement,
before he receives Sentence, can
he no great hardship. But, where the
only crime, which a man has committed,
is Such—and this is, Surelythe
cafe with Mr. Wilkes — that the levereft
part oS the punishment, which the law
can inflict upon him, ls simple imprisonment,
to subject him to this imprisonment,
before he receives Sentence, is
Something more than a hardship: it is
-in effect, little better than a contradiction;
it is punishing a man, and, at the
Same time, pretending, that you have
not yet resolved upon what hind of pu-
.ni&men£ he shall Suffer.
So much, my Lord, Sor the conduct
.you have already obServe^, towards Mr.
• Wilkes: I come now toJnform you,
; what conduct the, public expects joa
. should obServc towards him for the future.
.. I Say,, my Lord, the public: for
though it is certain, that justice should
. he done, a^d the laws executed wuh-
- out respect of persons : yet, iris no less
certain, - that justice should he done, and
the laws executed, with the strictest regard
to the spirit of the times,, and the
humour of tbe people. And I, iny
Lord, must take the liberty of acquaint-
ing you, that the humour of, the, people
is ,at present such, that they will
not patiently fee the rigour of the law
exercised against Mr. Wilkes> much
Iefs the law stretched and wrested to
make him feel the weight of ministerial
vengeance.
The people, my Lord, are at prefent
, in a very bad humour; and their bad
humour arifes from a variety of causes.
To enumerate these, would be almost
offering, an insult to the understanding
of the reader., They are so plain and
obvious, , that -he that runs pay read.
To See their ,Ministers, that is their Servant^
wallowing in wealth and luxury,
and rioting on the Spoils of their plundered-country,
while themfelyeeare re-
duced to a state of absolute famine, is
a condition fointolerable, as would provoke
the resentment of the most meek
Spirited men that ever breathed. Job
himself, I believe, in such a situation,
would have loft his pari en ce. It is a
mistake, my Lord, to think, that the
ill-humour of the people is entirely owing
to the rigorous measures that have
been pursued againft Mr. Wilkes. The
people, it is .true, are dpeply interested
in the affair of Mr. Wilkes, which they
juftly consider as the cause of liberty ;
but the affair of Mr. Wilkes has not
given rife, it has only given vent to the
ill-humour of the people, which had
long before been collected^and was almost
come to a? head; -And as the;affair
ot Mr. Wilkes has aiready given
vent to the ill humour., of the people, it
will, I am perfuadsd, give stiff farther
vent to it, unleSs your Lordship tale
care to manage that- affair with a very
delicate hand. ;.-v .... •
. . . I will,, indeedallow, that it is in your
. Lordship's power to exert againft Mr.
Wilkes the utmost, rigour of the law;
but,then I will, at.the.same time,take
upon me fo affirm, that ir is not in your
) power to exert such rigour againft him,
without the,aid of a military force: and
, this is fuel) an expedient, as I hope
your-Lordship will, never be induced to
employ. It is an expedient; my.Lord,
fof a moft fatal tendency, big with danger-to
the liberties of your country; and
.. in the end may be productive of their
utter ruin. The Mirtiftry, my Lord,
you muft plainly have perceived by their
late arbitrary conduct, want nothing
. but a pretext for drawing out afresh the
military force, confciousy as they are,
that having lofoiby their treachery, the
confidqnce:of the-, public, they havemo
; other chance of keeping their places,
than by dragooning, the people into a
compliance with ttieir measurefe.- But I
hepe that your, Lordship will effectually
disappoint thetu, and will foraift
them with.no such pretext fof tbe Suture;
and that pp.Sentence will: hepronounced
againft Mr. Wilkesr but such
as
ss may he quietly and peaceably a
cuted by the mere exertion of the civMpower.'
< The eyes, my Lord, of a whole nation
are stand upon you, as the oaly
man that can fave or destroy our free
constitution. By pui&ing gende mealeres
you will effect the firft ; by pussaiag
rigorous measures you will effect
the laft. By the former you will secure
to us our laws and our liberties; by thelatter
you wiH subject us to a tnihtary
government. By the former you will
recommend yourself to the love and
esteem of alt ydur fellow-citizens, except
some venal courtiers; by the latter
ycu will draw upon you the curses
and execrations of all your fallow subjects,
the fame worthy courtiers excepted.
Let me, therefore, hefeech you, by
the regard, which you have to your own
peace; by the value, which you set up-^
on your own reputation j by the compassion,
which you seel for the present
age, and for that which is to succeed
to it: as you would wish to merit the.
compliment which Pope*pays you, of
being ranked, after death, with the Tollies
and the Hydes, and, what is yet
mote, with the Gaseoignes, the Holts,
and the Talbots; in a word, let me
conjure you, by every mndve that can
work upon your justice, your honour,
and hornaniry, to pasa, upon the prefeat
ocCaiion, such a moderate judgment,
as is moft consistent with our free
constitution, and our limited Monarchy.
The N o *T H BRITON, Numb. LI.
> June or 1768. i '>
Friday laft his Majesty's Attorvi/
ney-general moved fte Court of
King's Bench, for a rule that Mr. Binvley
might shew cauSe why an attachment
should not he issued againft him,
for publishing the North Briton, No. 50.
QnTuefday Mr. Bingley went up for
that purpose. Mr. Attorney-general
then moved for the attachment, when
Mr. Bingley desired he might be permitted
to Speak for himself Lord Munsfisld
asked who was his CounSel. Mr.
/ VOL. XXXV.
f»r M A 15,I 41?
Bingley aofwered he had stone f that he
had, indeed, applied to Counsel, who
had declined undertaking ha defence $
Mr. Bingley therefore, hoped, he might
shew cause hirafelf. Jadge Afton in- '
tempted him, and declared he would
not hear him, unless what be had to
Say was examined by Counsel { a ad added,
that he had no right, inthat coun,
to Speak for himself. Lord Mansfield
then faid, that the Gentlemen of the
Bar might, if they pleased, decline any
cause they did not approve.
By Lord Mansfield's declaration Mr.
Bingley was left without Counsel «o
plead for him; and, by Mr. Aftorrii
declaration, be was not permitted oa
plead for himself. Lord Mansfield
went farther; he recommended to the
other booksellers who were attached
for selling the North Briton, No. 50. to
prosecute hereafter the original publisher,
for all the damages they may faffer
from the Court of King's Bench; a
most unheard of step, Sot a Judge to
recommend a profecution to perform
who could not possibly think of 1fad* a
thing as was never yet attempted lochia
kingdom. But this would antirer, very
well, the purpose of Lord Mansfield*
because, as he is reftrained by thelawt
from laying an exorbitant sine, by thin
new invention of hit own he amy do So
effect whet the laws forbid him to do
by his sentence; for, by talcing ap a
great number of the trade, and paring
them, by this oppreffive method of attachment,
to enormous enenees, and
then, by ad vifin* each of than to bring
proSecutions againft the original publisher,
Lord Mansfield may, at any rime,
lay whet fines he pleases on dny publisher
y he shall incur his diSpleasure.
It is enough that Mr.Bingley maflr
he punished by the court without the
permission of n defence; but he will
not consent to lofe hia character with tha
public, without attempting his jollification.
The following defence was intended
to have been made by Mr. Bindey, la
the Court of King's Bench, on Tuefday
laft.
M m m
Mr

458 The M I or A 2 ifa LA of M A'C A Z I N ES,
I• : MY LORD, ! • ' ..F'3 His Lordship acknowledges he had>
i Find myfeif reduced to, the melan- never altered a record, before that in
cholynecessity of pleading for. myfelf the cafe of Mr. Wilkes. How came
in this court: and I am reducnd to this he to do it then ? who suggested it to
by. the influence (I suppose) of that him then? the record is always sealed
Speech, or rather charge, which Lord fast, before it is carried to the Judge.
Mansfield delivered laft Friday Srom the His Lordship, I am inSormed, broke obench,
when a motion was made Sor a pen that Seal, Sound out the flaw, dirple
againft me. • . •• • • rected the prosecutor to apply for an al-;
. k After this speech, my Lords, whom teration, and then altered it without the
can I expect to undertake my deSence ? confent of the defendant. Lord Mansand,
if undertaken, how would it be field fays he did not want that consent.
Supported ? It is very extraordinary, that, Sor tbe
. A muft, thereSore, defend mySelS, and alteration of a record, on which de-
I hope that privilege will not be taken pends, the defendant's fafery, no con-
rfrom me alfo. I will do it on the firm sent should be neceffary ; and yet, that
ound of truth: with law, my Lords,, to admit the defendant to bail, it is ne-
. am little, acquainted. . ceffary to have the confent of the pro-
? Firft,: then, my Lords, I muft de- secutor, who must he supposed both
clare, that,, to the North Briton,No.50. 1 partial and hostile. The admitting any
no contempt..of this honourable court one to bail by the .discretionary power
can be imputed; the court has not of the court, muft be in the discretion
heen mentioned, nor even eluded to; of the court alone, and not dependant
ii* juftice has never been arraigned. - on the prosecutor's confent, otherwise
Lord Mansfield's name alone is mention- it is no longer the discretion of the
ed in the paper: the charge brought. court. . ',,-.£
againft him. are founded in fact, and Lord Mansfield declared he made the
confirmed by his own words. He has alteration without conlidering what
acknowledged from the bench the alte- consequence it might be of in the cause,
ration of the records; and the ftrongeft What can any of. his Lordship's eneaccuSation
againft him is the defence, mies Say ftronger againft him ? >
which he has twice attempted, • of his Lord Mansfield declared he did not
oftvn conduct. He talks of precedents, know the difference between tenourand
My Lords, the precedents are not fimi- [airport: which would be strange hilar,
they are not warranted bylaw; deed, if true But his Lordship wmiebut
were first introduced, by a very bold diateiy after contradicts himself, by Say 1 For, M A .Y, 1768.
benefit thereby to the defendant, is too: refofed a, rule, and ordered the Sollktf-r
gross to pass on any man in this c iurt tor to nwve it incourf--a vthing never^
or kingdom; every one can shew his heard of before—and by that means left
Lordship the contrary, as easily as they, his Counsel, the alternative of either -
can anfwerhis Lordship's farther quef-' delayingihe argument on his outlawry,
tion, oS, what prejudice resulted to Mr., or to argue it in Mr. Wilkes's^ absence, i
Wilkes Srom the alteration ?
The Counsel knowing well hiv Lord-
Tbe Sollowingis the true state of tbe ship's ihtention of delay, cljofe 'the lat-.
cafe. The original words of she record ter, and aigued it in his abfence.. c
were too vague to have convicted' Mr. ' When the Counsel for the crown and;
Wilkes. It was neceffary to be more for Mr. Wilkes had each of, them left-j
precise. If the alteration had not been the argument, Lord invited
made, tbe indictment muft have been Mr. Wilkes's other Counfol to argue.
quashed., . • r They severally refuSed it, and declared;
And this would have caused Such a they would reft their client's defence on*
delay in the proceeding againft Mr. what Serjeant Glyn had' advanced.. Ld.
Wilkes, that Lord Halifax would have Mansfield then mentioned other ground,
-»•'- — J L:_R_IR :
been obliged to appear, tohe convicted of argument, and himself put into the
lor the general warrant, and to pay the mouth of the profecutor to argue i
consequent damages. To prevent j this
was the true motive of Lord Mansfield's
alteration, & it had its effect. Lord Halifax
efcaped by that alteration, & by that
alone. And this interruption and delay
is doubly injurious in a personal action,
like this againft Lord Halifax ; becaufe
the defendant may die (as Lord Egremont
did) and then the' party injured
can have no redress. ^ Lord Mansfield
fays, that if he was miftaken in altering*
tbe record then, he has li^ewife been
miftaken since ; for he has done it in
other cafes. Yes, every one can fee
why his Lordship has done it since.
He. has done it since, that it might not
-
be said Mr. Wilkes's was the only cafe
and violent judge, whoSe authority it is ing, that he imagined the alteration to
in which he ever altered a record.
npt honourable to any other to follow* ; beheneficial tothe defendant; forthat, In the North Briton. No. 50, Lord
But this plan of precedent conies with by the alteration, the prosecutor oblig- Mansfield alone is charged wih not
ai very ibad. grace from his Lordship, ed himself to prove more than he bad having treated Mr. Wilkes with lenity;
vyho is well known to have set his face . before ; for that before he had only but with having exerted the rigour of
againft precedents, when they did not! obliged himfeif to prove the meaning tbe law against him. This charge is
Serve his purpoSe,and to have repeated-1 and tendency of the paper; and, by founded on a variety of grounds, but
ly declared, Wbe'never tbey have been the alterition.he Was obliged to prove panicularly on his late proceedings, and
urged, that he would make a new one. the very internal part of . the charge. op his delay of juftice in the reversal of
]AV hat chance haaany one, who incurs This part of ..his.Lordship's defence his outlawry. WhenMr. Wilkes appear-
the -disp)cftfOre.- df Such a Judgesiwfio plainly contradicts the other. For he ed before this court, Lord Mansfield
thinks precedent j Sufficient to jniitfyhis r firft Spys he did not know the difference three tinges put the Attorney General in
own illegal condua, which are not Suf-: between the word purport and tenour ; mind, that he might choole what pri-
fifcicnt to justify anyone elSe? and What and then immediately explains wherein fon he pleased.—When a fide-bar mo-
precedent will .his'Lordship find, to war-? - the difference confifts.
tion was made for a rule by Mr. Wilkes'3
it at tlnsiunlayrlid and cruel profoctti- But his Lordship's pretence of » Sollicitor, to bring up Mr. Wilkes to
o:,
T^
of me by
,
attachment ?
X « M
,j\ri .«!.•'. J.y•••• . benefit to the "King's Bench, Lord Mansfield
r ,
parte. The Council for the crown
took his Lordship's hint ; and Sir Fletcher
Norton, in particular; then said,
he would argue it e# parte. This
trick of his Lordship was only ptepded
for delay ; for his Lordship well knows
it is tbe duty ofa Judge to ta^e notice
of public acts, though thry. are not
pleaded, and therefore, the ogiitr might
have come toa determination; as well
upon what was pleaded, as upon what
was nOt pleaded, if there 'was any
ftarute or reafon ftronger thafl what had
been produced ; but an upright Judge
of this court, Mr, Justice \\illes, has
already declared that no stronger c^p
be produced. J
Lord Mansfield is ficcufed, in the
North Briton, No. 50,,of patlislity,. in
admitting the murderers, to., bail;, the
reafon of Such partiality is given; and
they are,hethequally trpe, • ,, O ' *
Itis asserted in the North Briton, No.
50, that the Habeas Corpus cannot be
eluded by the King or the houSes of
Parliament; and that, if courts of juftice
can elude it, thry have a power
superior to thejrs. It is well, known
to be stue ; and'to b'e nO lefs 10, that
the courts xif juftice have, for a long
time, connived at each others abuse If
the Habeas Corpus act ; and that; contracts
the fpiri^ and letter of it, they
M mm 2 refute

The M A & i d t'A ty A z i H E'S,
refoSe relief from thet act tosny perfon kissed five-antfc-forry times forty-fire on
conwnltttd i)y tbe courts. < l0 | her Wedding-night, was cured of her
Lord Mansfield mentioned it as as- blindness. If 1 should find that was the
aggravation of my offence, that I had case, I would take a lhrlekiffingmySelf;
put my same to this publication. Mv and Would he glndif you would & rbe
Lords, it proceeded from the thorough question in fome future Magazine, for
knowledge of the truth of the paper m the sake of apoor oWwoman,who would
question. I have heard indeed that it have no objection to taking the mediis
a favourkepofrtion of Lord Mansfield, cine, provided the effects were as she extkat
truth irfelf may he a Scandalous li- pects. I am, Gentlemen, yours,
hel, and the more a libel becaufe true.
I am not lawyer erough, my Lords, to
G. H. Y. K.
know that; t>ut this 1 am lure of, that ANECDO T E.
ii is moft fcandalous indeed for thoSe \ylR. Wilkes, when a very faung
on whom truth is a libel. IV1 man, Was candidate for the foWn
However, my Lords, whatever my of Berwick upon Tweed, and n6t being
offwicc
may he, I defire to have it de- returned, preferred a petition to tbe
tarmined by a Jtiry of my own country- House of Cdinnions. Mr. CatnpheU
pen. The favourite and glorious ap- accepted a retaining foe of fifty guineas
peal of Englishmen is—to Gnd and to in this cause. Jurt before it was to
their country. TO them I stand or fall, come on in the Hbnfe, Mr. Campbell
I' shall resufe
to anfwer any quest imis by font Word that he could not plead, Mr.
way of interrogatories on attachment. Wilkes waited on hnn, expostalated,
There can he no pretext for denying me remonstrated, —•in vain fAt. .Campa
trial lly Jury. The way of attach- bell could not plead; nor could frc repent
is a Star-chamber procefs; to turn tbe money; but fold Mr. Wilkes
Which I witt not submit: it is unlawful; the law was open, fo wtricb recourfe
it is unprecedented in such a case. might he' had
My Lords, ! am an Englishman, and " No, Sir, replied Mr. Wilkes, I
I demand, as my right, a trial fcy Jfott- was weak Cnoogh to give you a fee;
m i am not fttch a fool as to go to
T* the Proprietors of the MAG AZI NE law wiilif you r for I perceive my whale
•j MAGAZINES. fortune may be wasted in retainfng fees
IGEWTLtiitfeN, afohe before T shall be able to find one
Am an old Woman,
weak, but by the help and of my spectacles eyes are that thy advocate can plend With for me. me; I therefore have brooght
cim make foist fo read your Magazine;
and the merriest thing I hate found
Draw,—for before T quit this pom, I
in will have my money, or satisfaction."
h a long time* was the letter from 0a- Mr. Wilkes had his monry, instead of
venrry m ybur last; trot ftall.be vaftly the faithful lad able advocate wHidi
uneasy unless fome of your North amp- he wanted, and which he would have
tonfture correspondents wiH inform me, found, had Mr. CdmpbcH been Disr*whethcr
or not P Mrs. O EHtonr, T Iby C being A L T,ER£STEI>. E S S A Y S .
The I> E| C IS I O N. A TALK: She veil* her pretty/blubber'd face,
And wept her deaf -with Sach * grace'
LARISSA, fprlghHy aqiM0^i ..
Still deifies each darling uioe ,
And by tbe colour of a oaartfc, r
Removes at onca the gun t and shame.'
Tbe prodigal is •* genVo«% freer '
The-mi er " baa(h ceconomy i
44 Gay." the debsuch'd; thapnomb •"greati"
Tbe bold oppreObr^-bateateberti'*
The Siwning flawr" o^ igcra^^ , ,*•
And mad revfnge it horjaor*; CaiLT*"i
Tho s paffion shoot s Ibro' every part^ .
The brain is tainted with thv heart: > ,
Weak judgment falUbefore teaaptatien;
And reafon - it but ijnfch nateaa.
The LABYRINTH,
A L o v a I, ITTII) in petit Patian Verfe.
Y lifa, .my Uafc
M My turt odwej
Since firft I knew
Thee chaste as Afm._
With charmt like Veest,
(but that'tbetweea u*,) : > . .
r I vow

The MAC A zi'N ifi. of-M *.b A Z INBS,
I vow and Swear, . :,c..':
By all that's fair/ ::
I've oftner wept, ,
Than 1 hare flept:
*TM very strange,
That Soch a change,
Should come to pafs,
(The like ne'er was,)
From liberty,
To flavery ;
Bow it befel, .i
1 cannot tell;
Hpw to get free,;
Lord know*—not me:
I've heard 'em Say,
(And well they may)
None can beware
Of Cupid's Snare;
Bat Soon or late,
They find their fate:
If so I find,
That love is blind,
And folks in love
Diftracted prove;
Ba£attfe they're caught
With empty nought;
Ergt, love Sweets u
Are arrant cheats:
IS thisia love,
Sent from above,
I fain would know
What love's beiov ?
For i protest,
1 was in jest,
When first I strove
With infant love : .
And had I thought
What I have taught,
That none hut fooli,
Flay with edge tooli,
I'd then out-dare
Tbe fatal Snare;
Bat Gnce I'm in,
YM well may grin;
Wfcre 1 once out.
Yon twice might pbot
Before again r
You'd get one in :
True thou art pretty,
CTUET Betty;
And tby beauty
Claimsitoy duty:
To adore j\ .'.HI /
When before y*; >
But had I been
. By thee unseen, . j\
Or never thee
Beheld by me; iff/r
Spite of ieve't boy
I would o»joy
My liberty.
From flavery
Since then alone
My heart yon' won,
jUsltf}'
+ •.: r.i
ll, 1A
i £«
V'l; J
t.h-h
s AT
J.IT
With all iu troth,
And faith of youth,
.
1 humbly aifc,
(An eafy talk)
. ^ „ ,
Ap heart of,you, f,
Aa 'tis my doe; ,
1,1 you deay, ,i , . '
And not comply,.'., ,
This I implore,< -
My own restore,
— L I * Ac no more, o ,»-
Take pUy on,
Yoar%CoKTDOM,
P. S. O lovely fair,
Receive my pray'r;
Let not a Swain
1
Implore in vain ;
Bat fince you've wound
His soularound,
'Tis you, I'm Sure,
Can g ; ve a care;
i EaSe then his grief,
And Send relief. . CHAT.
$
An E L E G Y on th§ Death of a Feltmaker,
his Wife arid Son, of the
City of York, who were horn and
died.
IN York there lived a feltmaker,
W'hoSe name was James Gilloe ;
And he did live ontill be dy'd,
Lord grant we nil do So.
• • ' . I
And he did much like other men,
For when he drank he wet his throat;
And when he flept, be ckw'd his eyes,
And when hewalk'd he, went a foot.
A good fort of* man be waa.
And cara'd not when he pray'd; , *
Was sober until he go^drnnk,
And gam'd bat when hs play'd.
And Sooth a batcbelor he ltv'd.
Until betook a wise ;
Bot from that time, as men: report, s
He liv'd a wedded iise.
This wise grew big-bellyj'd> and ft.e
Was brought to bed one/morn -,
And the first day the child drew breath,
Waa thd day be was born. , i ?(V..
James took a fever, and sell ill; i
Bat what was ftrange and lad, . i
His health impair'd as he greqr fick, ;
At which bitwise waa mad.
And he did take onto his b^ed,
Whereon he down did lie
And (lie from him was Seldom far,
While ever (he WM nigh.
Asaa
A full half hour before be dy'd,
This man was yet alive;
Yet so it.was with hungry death.
He con'd not cope or strive.
So in short time his Use he loft,
And left this world fo gay;
Since which he ne'er contracted mtractc debts,
Nor wasted time away.
Mean while the chi'd wax'd stout and strong,
Bnt mark you what, befel;
Year after year, he older grew,
A wond'roustale to test.
At School be learn'd to read and write,
And well he con'd do either; ,'
But afterwards he loll his fight,
Since which he pra&ii d neither.
One day he fell into a bole,
As he was walking near • 1 ' ' ,;
But if that hole had never been,
He'd not have fall'n in there.
When he did come to man's estate,
He marry'd, and had children three;
And all of them wer* boys or girls, , , ,,..
No other kind bad he.
.•ft',Ml «t ( lij)f. - I Ji ^R U .'!.: i O
His wife she dy'd all in her prime, - ' J
And bury'd wasin state;. di , ;
After which he with h^., they fay,
Neither flept, drank, nor eat.
Fpr M A Y, 1768. .V
r ' . ... .. . flock rent,
Thy credit Sank, thy money Spent,
Thy week made up ot fasting days,
. >
Thy grate unconfciotfJof a blaze, l J
And to complete tby other curfet,
The quarterly demands of nurfes,
Are ills you wiSely wish to leave,
And fly for refuge to the grave,
And

4&4 . The M Aft A fe I #TE t
AndO what vfeMt'yM espreta,"vahiol
, In wifhing loch afflictions left. ' NA
But nowthcaM fcrtnhe shift the fc«0e, > a ' ! ' r
And mefce thy ear«t«ship 4 dean ? " '
Or fome rich benefice provide,
Te pamper Inxmy nd pride ; • • 4
With labour Small, and income Great,
W jth chariot Ws fcr uft tf» 11 (late,
wSthlwelling Spar,andglessy gown, '
And license tortfide ip town ;
Tolshlae where att the gay relbrt^i ,V v\i'
At concert, coffee houfe, or court;
And weekiy persecutehi^ Grace, • ' ( ""
With viSits, or to beg a place;
"With underling, thy Jock to teich, • V
With no dcfire.to mry pr-preach; i -'A
With haughty fponlein eeftere fine, •> •
With plenteous weals and generous wine::
Wouldlt thou not wish into much ease, • /• "
Thy years a* numerous as thy days? ':.>•• '.J
,-t d »•»* ' ' "
A Mr £ iR I
1
T. W«
Pbiladelpjpia, i^N the roth of last
Feb. ; . fndph four India
men and twa ^women, wep to - the
house of Frederic iksmp, near, the
mouth of MiddleCreek, where Stump;
ofter making jhem dripk post inbu-
IHanly murdered them, and hid their
bodies under the ice in tbe creak.
Thehett day he went wisha&rvant
lad to ap Indian cab bin, about soUfteen
miles up the Octk, and there
harbaroufly put to death an Indian
woman, two girled and a young -child,
tfien
Set fire to the cabbin, -and burnt
the baches fo.afye^ After ooppjuing
these horrid murders, ire confessed the
Whefelo Mr. WiHlam Blyth, Whofe
deposition, we h«V, has been- taken
before the Chief Justice. The only
reasons assigned by him for thefe atrocious
vtolertcep^ were, that he was afraid
the fix Indians ,iqi^wjnd to ^o hip
a miSchieS, and that he uiurdernd the
other four, lest 'they should inform the
other Indians of the death of the fix
Upon the whole, he seemed to W
..fhtfi iw> .>>.'« Of .. OS hn
f M A GAZ INKS
Te AMORET. The SIGH,
NAn ancient FCAGMSNT.
I M B L it Sigh on thy warrae wings,
Take this aaest>ge,aad depart,
Tel i Amor el, that fpil« and fihgs,
At what thy airie, voyage brings.
That thou cam ft lately frWn my heart.
Tell my lovely foe, tK*T
HHVC no more loch fpies to fead,
"But one or two that I iotcqd
^omeSew minatfi»ereldye,
To her white bofepoe to conyoend.
Then whit per by thatholy Spring
Where for her &ke I would have dytfi,
Whist thb'Se water .nymphs did bring
Flowers to care what toe had tryed ;
And of my fuith, and loveUidfing.
That if my Anioret, if she
In after-times wo^ld Jb»vp it read,
How her beauty mutthex'd mee,
With all my heprt f Will agree,
If shce'll but Ipve me, being dead*
A F - F A I R S,
under no apprehensions of punishment,
and behaved as if he had done a meritorious
actios; but Captain Patterfon,
lately in the provincial service, mnde
prisqners of Stuinp, and the servant
who assisted him, and after a desperate
resistance committed them to Cariille
goal, from whence a number of armed
men, aheut 8p, it isfaid reScued them,
notwithstanding the opposition and persuafioos
of tbe magistrates and others to
the contrary,
Previous to this outrage, however,
Capt. Patterfon had font a talk to the
great island, to disclaim the murders,
and to pacify .the Indians. His mefsage
was conceived in thefe terms :
Jucatan, Jan. 22, 1768.
" Brothers of .the Six Nauons, Delawares,
and other inhabitants of the
Weft branch of Susquehanna, hear
what I have to fay fo you. With a
heart .with gslef hear, ,1
have to inform, you, that Frederic
Stump and John Ironcutter have unadvisedly
murdered ten of our friendlyIn-
.0 l:,r Ji -ft ,i :
14 J 5 A 6 id* H AV K 1763iA vidians
near fort Augtifts; \yhk Ihhabi- cue of fatt%. Tbwsir*°fouioof (
tanas of the province of jPefin^dvanla do myrefattioni siurd^ed4y amm^r a«i
disapprove of thelitis tump* and att i iefire is, that he mdy Suffer«Jr
cutter's conduct; and, as a proofthere- his wi:hlsanf. nO0»d of
condemned and the for theoffoDCe. my bfOtherS, the Bliglishi but kfoi.
«* Brothers, I being truly fenfibie of " 1 dafire that the pedple of jtibk**
the injury done yoi, Funly add thefe may he flail on their plapaa, and m W
few words* with my hearts Wish, that themfqlvesto iny htadW^s/ by hla«ii|
yon may not rashly, let go the fast hold their habitations ; wbenevst'dih^tr li
Of our chain of friendships for the ill coming, thry shall kfaoW-it befDreltcoines
conduct of one of our bad men. Be- on them. I am yo«rlo*lfe ftjtothety T
Hove me, brothers, wa Englishmen con- •> wk^fkifM.'vklt^
tiotoe the fame lttve for you that hath This anfwer hein^ Wturdnd hefote
usually Subsisted between our grand- tbe rOseue Of the murdereY^ WttJktJOWU;
fathers; and I defire you fo call at it is much doubted othather a WcOni
fort Augusta, to trade with our peo- cdiariOa will take place, indeed this
nie there, for the nfeceffariei yon stand horrid barbaritv being addei to other
P aced of. X pledge you mf word; agjpntetiotis, Wliich thd lndisnsf cdmthat
no: whim man there shall mdiest plant of, give* r room to ffitt
any of yos^ while yda behave as thefe Savages wiH Suddenly rife -and
friends- 1 shall nof test; by night of take their revenge, whdndhehi *
day, till I receive your unSwof. Yottf is least expected. »booS
friend and brother, . - Cbarits+oivri, S, Cdro/iH^
p
W pAtTERsOw. ThelegflatareofPennlytwaniahnthi ,
To this talk Captain Partition re- dnthe tepreSentatioor ofthe Hon. Jdhrt
oeived the SoUowing anfowr, from sa Stilarr,' ESq} Superintendaur 1 of the
Waft Chief. • j • •' • * southern district* reSolwd tnl pltoVlde al
" Loving brother, Sum of money to be oftercd to the re^
V lam glad' to hear ftwdyon. Ii kdons of theOhnwkep hadfani^
Understood that you iars' very much whe wde asseissinapd ln that provinoe^
grieved, and< that the tears ran from and the assassins afterwardslefcuedi
your eyes. With both my hands L from justice. This oompanSadon, wbicla
now wipe away theft tear*; and, as k:«s hoped 1 will he accrttedr » d lie
t don't doubt but your hedrt is di'- fate of ^oolb, wti- of lndiartf leath^
stuihed, I remove all the fortow from for eiafcB^ pdSod WMedi to he Sesttin)
it* and? make ir eaSy as it wad hefore. gonds^ (rated agretable to thei tariff.
I will now fit down and imoke my established by the. %erinte«didt) tol
pipei I have taken fast held of the Mr. Commiffary Camertw, witto ptfot
chain of friendship ; and- when I give per trilfa from the Gfoveriforl of Perind J
if a pull, ; I find my hfotheis, the syivsiifa, ndbrin^ tbe; Cherobees that
English, have les.1t go, it wfili tben be ir was idihassibte wheing- ^ainattrdetimeforpe
to let it go too; and take rers to justice.
.'_ . ' , ' .... • ' - ';MS0qqc R .:'•; '
.
loSi .OS'FFL.'
H I S T O R I C A L CHIkO M IQbIL'
• , i . '"' -.'juntil VVIJ : ...t i.i. :
D
SATURDAY, Mareb 5. lately forwardnd to Rome, importing.
ISPATCHES from the French that if his Holiness'* buU ageinft the
court for the Pope, have been Nan court

#$6 Tbe MAC AZI NJ& 0/ MAGAZINES,
For M A Y, 1768. At
court of; Parma, is not forthwith with-
; drawn,..,.aidhis Higheefs's Secretary
released, the Ambassador of France
.Will have 1 orders to leave Rome imme-
•4iM|jb)nel ndj vuA •-!< t ..» i«o{ rTWey thexe .exported corn from the
coast of-NOrinandy and Piccardy, 'till
the pool of these provinces want bread
&)pfelv.fe;; "fo predominant la the love
ofijpuD.ydA like!iofurrection happened
Ia-.flyat'Antwerp: v • :. >'
; TWE D. His Serene Higjhnefs the
Prince of Monaco, at whofe. palace
his RpyaJ Highness the Duke of York
died* I W«: introduced to hia Majesty,
and graciously received. He is. said fo
hey« COipe,40 England, in consequence
fifhanjnvir&tion from a great perfonage
to Spend the Summer. brood
- j 'ilv* hnrjfyrJL. 1. i! A bottle: of aqua
fofltis brokerin a waggon between Newberryand
Bath, fethre to a barrel Of
gP0Ift W .which blew up the waggon
and goods. ".t-ifVj^i 1 hi -i *i
* MON. 4.V The purSer of the Lord
Holland Indianaan, Cape. Nkume, frOm
Bengal, came to the India-house wirh
affl^copunt -Of the fafo arrival of that
feipiAtofyknonth.. She brings advice
that the troubles in Bengal are inot yer
at an,end * but that Gapt. Smith, who
commands- the troops .there, had obtaiaedsorae
signal advantages over the
M'i /.Sijla^ryor
•(ft*. z 1 jJLsiWrashdd I a great coan-i
Qik'rat St.viJames's, at which.Lord
Gower,' President, the Duke of GraftOn;
therltwo* Secretaries of State, the
fiarl of HilHherough,- Secretary for the
colof im, assishrd. Tbe Subject is Said
tonbelheoladtan WSr, with which the;
coloniesafe threatened, on account of
foaie outrages committed by^ the back'
fttolers. ./
WED. 20. Mr. Wilkes appearnd
before the co&t '.of King's Benchjand
declared his Surrender in the Sollowing
%nbab^Ttt ,-xno;? ot ix r .cwiolvU J
'ndl &stayi llud
-'•Safe* •
rife-vicH aid
* " :
: " My'Lords,
< H According to the voluntary promise
I made to the public, I now appear
hefore this Sovereign court of juf-
most intimate friend. Government, aSter
the affair of the North Briton,
brihed one of my servants to rob me
of the copy, which was prnduced in
render*„>osh the verdicts absolutely
void. • ..
I bave stood forth, myLord^inlup-
pert of the laws against„ the
tice to Submit mySelf in every thing to
"the laws of my country.
Two verdicts have been found againft
me. One is for the republicaon
of the North Briton, No. 45, the
other for the publication of a ludicrous
poem, rt.'] "
As to the republication of that number
of the North Briton, I cannot yet
fee that there is tbe Smallest degree of
guilt. I have oSten read and examined
with care that Samous paper. I know
that it is in every part founded on the
strong evidence of facts. I find it sull
of dury and respect to the perfon of the
King, although it arraigns in the severest
manner'the conduct of his (Majesty's
then Ministers, and brings very heavy
charges home to them. I am perfuadnd
tbey were;well grounded, becauSe
every one of tbofe Ministers have been
since removed. No one instance of
falshond.has yet been pointed out in
that pretended libel, nor was the Word
f/ilfe in the ' inSormation beSore this
court. Laui therefore perfectly eaSy
under every imputation reSpectirtg a
paper, in-which truth has guided- the
pen of the writer, whoever he was,
in every single line; and it is this circumstance
which has drawn on me,
as the SuppoSnd author, ail the cruelties
of ministerial vengeance. j •»
As to the other charge against me
for the publication of a poem, which
has given just offence, I will* assert
that such an idea never entrnd my
mind. I blush again at the recollection
that it hats been'at any time, and in
any Way/broiight to the public eye,
and drawn from the oUcurity-iff-'which
it remained under my roof. Twelve
copies of a Small part oS it had been
printed in my houSe at niy own private
press.- I- had carefully locked
them up, and I never gave one to the
jr 11 was cviucui ma. » p>u hw,
tuilty of the least offence to the public. Hit w III, aim uiuv .^sw^ r—,-v .j, ;
1 pray Gnd to forgive, as I do, j the and this excellent constitution. " f have!
jury, whe have found me guilty of been much miSrepreSe/ired • but under,
publishing a poem I concealed vtfth care, every Species of persecution, I will re-
and which is not even yet published, main firm and friendly to the Monarchy,
if any precise meaning can, be affixed dutiful and affectionate to the illustrious'
to any words in our language.
Prince who wears the cfqwn, an& to!
But, my Lords, neither of the two the whole Brupfwick line. " •
verdicts could have been found against As to all nice, intricate points of law,
me, if the records bad not heen mate- I. am sensible how narrow and circumrially
altered without my consent, and, fqii.bed my ideas are; but I have 'e*fipr.'
as I am informed,contrary to law. On r^dI the l
..••'•>• "i * , r • * most
Lh tvr: n rAfaryr
e ^__ kn us a fuu iuiumivu,vvu»>.. ,H„, ..„._
ovled^^great
the evening only before the two trials, abilities of my coun$,'.' VitK*.
•e/sub-
Lord Chief Justice Mansfield caused rest the legal part of my clefqiic , .
the records to be altered at his own milting every poip to the'jydgpent bf
house agaiust the consent of my Solici- this honourable court, "and to the law*
tor, and without my knowledge; for a of England.
dangerous illnefs, arising from an affair When Mr. Wilkes had finished his
of honour, detained me at that time a- fjjeech, Mr. Attorney-general moveJfo's
broad*. The alterations were of the his immediate commitment on the oututmost
importance, and I was in con- layvry. He was anfwered by Mr. Ser-
Sequence tried the very ne*t day on two jeant Glyn, Mr. Recorder' of London,
new charges, oS which .1. coiild know Mr. Mansfield, and Mr. Davenport, Sucnothing.^
I will venture to declare thi^ cessively, who all moved the court for
proceeding unconstitutional. I am ad- a writ of error, which Mr. Attorney^
vifed that it is illegal, and that it general, on being applied to last SaturT
r*..-,. ,, y,, .„; r. n'n a ' day,
^ r-r> v O 'jrf OJ M T) > ,, , J *?
mation against Mr. Wilkes amended uy »u.g«« Vm ...v . . ^
sorting in its stead, the word " tenorr Upon which Barlow applied to Lord MAII?field,
and obtained a summons to shew cayfc why it should ndt be so amended;
and Mr. Phillips, Mr. Wilkes's Solicitor, attended Lord Mansfield, at his house
in Blooinshury-Square, on Monday the 20th oS Feb. 1764 (which was the day
before Mr. Wilkes's trial) in consequence of that summons. Lord "Mapjfield asked
him, what objections he had to such an'amendment ? Ile anfwered, that he
could not conSent: upon which Lord Mansfield Said, he did not ask bis consent,
but wanted to know what werefiis objections; and slked, if it was not usual to
amend informations, to that effect. Then haying read some precedents, out of
a book which his.Lordship had in his hand,, he made a written order to ametfj
the faid information in the manner applied for. 4

M A I A if AFC A Z IN E S,
•or, as public for leveral Week past; and, in
ru and that cafe, tile Attorriey-peneral might
M * m m W U h for Mr. VV foes* have ihadfr his motion with
Wanes. 1 Tbe Cofirt then ; iiro&etj-- It oimbe not xq pass unndriced, that
Mr.Rryr /nOlt^, 1 Wilkes's Solicitor,
eiffon who Was Bbt
hnd riierCObhcfl
icu, inui n^u . . -
hither a wjfit of capias Ut legal „
he motion might then have b&n Osatfe
w^K pfoOtie'ty, and the court might then
m m ! had 1 they pleaftff,-their
difcret ioimrV POwCf in accepting Of rtftfagWW
1 His Lordshsp further
IH having
his fentilarge
an unci,
-with r&ird to the charge bro't
agaJnftVim byWr.' Willcei, of granting
dn order for The apehdment |hthe in-
'7 > , " - / ® i • —
Conceived it to be the uniform practice
of «l|. thejy dge^ to gearu such amentlr
inrcibly oil applied ti tO the Atrornry-gcbera} for hit
tJ. - of error against Mr.
Which, Mr. AttOrpromifed
fo grant, but afterwards
refused;— upon what pretence,
or by what Order, has not transpired.
Westminster-hall, and all the jdaces
'••>-!j of people of aH
in great crowd?;
very peaceable and
orderty manner. Not the least nrdcqOrum,
or ipfoft was osseted te aify; tho*
an idle tale w4s artfully and intjuftriou-
PPP - at gres
and tpnuha would certainlv happen;
This report, and that was all the reason
that can be assigned, induced the
Magistrates of Middlesex, W.eflminster,
&c. to order but all the Constables ta
patrole the streets ; and the Ministry
not Chiding to be behind-hand in countenancing
that salfe rtmonr (though ther,
or their friends, were the first and only
inveiitors oi it) dhcctnd the whole military
force in wrd about London and
Westminster, to be in readiness on that
dry. Two battalions of the guards
e kept under arms in St. James's
b, others were ^ady in St. George's
without the least objection bb- flekts, and thofe at St. James's, the
ing%ytt offend ageinff it. The rest of Savoy, Tower, &c. had tbe propter orthe
Jud&s agreed with the Chief Ju- ders, in cafe they should be Wanted,
slice in opinion, that as. Mr. Wilkes with levers! troops of horse. And h
k legally before the court, lio has been asserted that the men were
JL_t -v tj ti2fct J ttuflaEr. Ifc^-tiv-j ^ fi,teen rounds of aroinu-
-The complexion of the court,
^ .... _ _ i difpofition of tbe favourite, are
Had no right to throw upon that court now so obvious and well khown, as tO
the bufinefg of committing Mr. Wilkes render any comment unnecessary on this
Upon his gratsa. appearance, out of the very extraordinary and moft alaiming
common course of law, when thev might military preparation. <
have brought him before if legally by a On the 27th at noon, Mr. Wilkfs
writ of capias ut I^gatum, which it Sent to the SherifPh Officer, Mr.
to
1 s A for I M A 1 Y* * 176^. 4 %
jo ; desire him Do etome to hta lodgings The httttdryhe wssitftedbymaayr
and execute tbe Cartas ut tegatum, of his friends, and tho prilon was tat*
which had been issued : Mr. Hill ac- rounded by a numerous Caacourfe tf
cordingly attended and served the capiat people, who it was expected wmM
on Mr. Wilkes; foon after Mr. Wtlkcft have offered fome outrage, but all w
Wertt With very respectable bail to the m&lned quiet till night; When they, pol^
court of King's Binch, where the cattle led up the rails, whioh eodofed the
was long argundby the Counfel. Writs footway, with which theyiriade a banw
of etror were noWi aster a week's de- fire, and obliged the inhabitants of doe
lay, admitted .by the Attorney general borough to illuminate their hposea, butt
and otderrd by tbe court. Mr. Wilkesfa a,Captain's guard of too men, arriviaf
Counsel infffted on his being ndnritted about twelve, they all quietly disperfod>
to hail ; which they offernd unexceptio- Fai. 22. A targe body ofcoal-hewnable
and to any amount. The court ers assembled in a riototis manner at
acknowledged that they hnd a difcretfo- Wappin^, went on board the collier^
nary power to admit him to hail, wkh and obliged tbe men who Were at wod;
the confent of the prosecOtor. Mr. At*- to leave off f fo that the hofisess of dew
torney-general as profecutor for the livering ships in the river, is wholly at a.
crown, refufed that confent, and Mrf stand. These men complain of their-
Wilkes was committed to the custody masters the undertakers ; and they'op*
of the Marshal of the King's Bench pri- press them in various Aapes, that ch^.
son. Mr. Wilkes then foHowed the curtail their wages, and pay them 1MB
Marshal into a private room, and from in money but in liquor and goods ofa
thence attended him and his two assift- had quality; and that thefe. undertakants
toa hackney coach to he convryers get fortunes, While the poor w
ed to prifon. The Rev. MT. Home on- families whe do tbe work are starv
ly Was permitted to go with Mr.Wilkcs; Ttrisrior was attended with moch blo
aoon after the coach drove off, thepeo- shed, tbe rioters having fftec withoppo*
>le ran together, and on Westminfter- fition Sought desperately, and Severn
F jridge took the horses off, turned the lives were lost. ......
coach round, and then drew it thern- A quarrel happened between the
feives quite through the city to tbe shiprighti, in Portfmoothdock-yard,und
Three-Tuna in Spiral-fields. Mr. Wilkes the marines then on duty there, incon-
ofren defired them to depart quietly^ sequence of the marines having taken
but in vain, and they forend out of the the bundles of chips, which the ship*
coach the Marshal and his two assist- rights had made up and claimed as their
ants, leaving only Mr. Home with Mr, perquisite, tc carried them to the guard-
Wfskes. In then way through the city, house: Both fides drew Up in hne os
they frequently asked Mr. Wrihes where battle, the shiprighre ormnd with adzes
he chose to ge. He anSwered to the and axes, and the marines With their
King's Prifon, where the laws of the muskets and bayonets fixe^ ; but hap-
"country Sent him Afterwards, at the pily (he superior officer, having notice
request of the Marshal, he defired them of this fray, arrived time tnpsgh, and
to stop at the Devil Tavern, Temples prevented the consequences by ordering
bar; but they would not comply. As the marines to restore the chips.
Soon as Mr. Wilkes cathe fo the Three Bv a letter from Fort St. George, in
Tuns, in Spital-fiefds, be again desired the Eaft Indies, published in this day*»
tbe people to diSperso; and, as fo-p as London Gazette, the troths of the Eaft
he could, lest the house privately, by a India company have had atvehgegeftieift
back way, di%uiSed, and came yolen* with thofe of Nitim Ally and Hyder Al-
tarily; and surrendered himself to the ly, near Trenomallee, in which the lat-
ptifon oS the King's Bench.
ter were defeated; the company's woepa
" vtttt

The M A 6RI Z |N E A ofl M A D A Z I NE s,
were is possession of the field of battle
when the letteis came away; and had
taken more than 6o pieces of theueoe->
sofa cannon, wilir very little - loft on
their fidei-ri-A private letter from M*-i
drass, fays, , that the gentlemen of Bengal
ehter heartily into this quarrel,,and
urge us to establish the same influence
over the Decan and the My fere country,
as they have done over the Subahdary
of Bengal; and it may probably
come to that state in the end. , i,. o i.
SAT. 30. The High Sheriff of Cumberland
mnde .his retuin of Members
for the county. In the course of the
pbJl 373 of the freeholders who tendered
their votes for Mr/ Cur wen and
Mr. Fletcher, and . 5 7 of the friends of
Sir James Lowther and Mr. Senhouse,
were rejected by the returning officer.
After two or three days taken for deliberation,
the Sbei iff proceeded this morning
to further rejections, and. stiuck
out ofthe poll-books upwards of 50 of
the voters for Mr. Curwen and Mr,
Fletcher, and about one-fourth part of
that numher from Sir James Lowther's
and Mr. Senhouse'slift. On tbe result
of the whole the High Sheriff found that
the numbers were, 3
For Hemy Curwen, Efq; 2139
.1 Sir James Lowther, 1977
- ; Henry Fletcher, Esq; 197 5
Major SenhouSe, 1891
and he thereupon returned Mr. Curwen
and Sir > James Lowther. The
greatest part oS thoSe who were rejected
in prejudice to Mr. Curwen and Mr.
Fletcher, were neighbours to' the former
of thefe gentlemen, andlivnd within
bis manors. The objection taken to
them was, the land-tax assessments were
not duly signed and sealed by the Commissioners,
though the voters were rated
in the duplicate, and actually paid,
and had for years paid the land-tax;
and it is very observable that the estate
Mr. Curwen gave in as his qualification
for Knight of the Shire was not Sufficient,
in the judgment oS the Sheriff, to
inlitle him to vote as a forty shillings
a year freeholder, on account of the
informality pf,the assessment.—Yesterday
evening a very numerous band of
sailors, to the amount of several hundred*,.
marched into this place from
Whitehaven (a town beiongiog to Sir
James Lowther) ,«{ith drums beating
and colours flying ; intended no doubt
to secure the,trendop of our election-
No mob whatever appealed on the other
fide during' the • long continuance
of the election.
WED. a7..Came on in the court of
King's Bench, Westminster, the great
cause between the College of Physicians
and the Licentiates ; when after a
long hearing, which laded till near three
o'clock, a ycrdict was given in savour
of the former.
FRI. 29. A Letter from John Wittes,
Eft-, to his Agent, Mr. Reynold*.
.S I R,
The wr its of error in the case of my
outlawry being now allowed, I desire
you to examine carefully into the .state
of the prooeedings in the action I
brought fiveyeats ago againft Lord Halisax,
for having dared to issue a general
warrant. I think that action was
suspended solely by his Lordship's plea,
that I was outlaw'd. I hope to live to
hear an English jury, by a.formal verdict,
condemn a Secretary of State,
who violated the firft right of this free
nation, the perfonal liberty of our
countrymen, in the moft outrageous aiw^
illegal manner. I therefore beg you to
lofe no time in laying before my counsel,
every thing proper for the execution
of this public cause, which no confideration
shall make me decline, or delay.
I thank you, Sir, for the daily proofs
you give me of activity and zeal in the
course of this great bufinefs, and desire
you to believe me ever
Your obliged humble servant,
King's Bench Prifon, J, WILKES.
Friday, April 20.
SAT. 30, The subject for the prizes
given annually by the representatives of
the Univeifity of Cambridge in Parliament,
are, this year, . ..
' ' For
, ? 3 M ' T • For M! A
,.: For the Senior. Batcheiors, T
Quid caufee fuit qua re Gent

Jftft The M A , your Majesty's most dutiful and
an*> Or fome Of hlaMajefty'4 Justices of loyal Subjects, the LOrch Spiritual and
aha peace fot the fold county, the body Temporal, and Commons in Part&tnent
.of tho faid Ale*. Mufray, to anlWer tile assembled, beg leave fo return yout
- premises^ and be 'further dealt with sC- Majesty our moft hearty thanks for that
cording >o law, anid forfo doing, This gradOus and paternal attention to
ibeH he your sufficient warrant welfare of your people, which has ifl-
, Given under my hand and Seal this dnced your Majesty, at this time, to
day of May, • in the year of our interpose ytmr t)\w more Immediate au-
-tii t Lord r;68. ' ' thoriry for puttinganend to that daogelo
v >cd HENRY ACTON, -Coroner, rous diftfcthenctf or the public peace,
ttit thoSe
« • For 1 M A \ Y, f 1768* M v 4 ^
jn r : L '. 1 t a e • . .
those outrageous violence to the haye the defired esseft-ef teftorjag quint
prolperjty pf youf' Majesty's fubjects," and ghod order among my subjects/
and ~thaf mostaudadou's danaoce of thij * zoV At theQidBailey, Lord
authority of th^ civil Magiftrates, which Baltimore brought an indictment againft
have of late prevailed to fo ^airmpg^a Justice FiekJinra PW» Mlj"^ !»'
degree in Vnd near thi? great metropolis, port^ bur the Qtana Jury wouW not
H Tow"^^^se^eBcopnign4fig- find.the bill.
nified by your j^yal;Proci^atfou, ' "$ATV 21. The ro^al assent was given
all ttwJU preventing, suppressing, to the following bilis'^y commission,
and punishing, ali riots, tum^itSj an^ "An act for continuing certain laws to
unlawfutassemblies, be put into lmnie- prohibit, for a limited nme, the expordjate
execution, will, we hope, effec- tarionof corn, the use ofit in the kH1>
tually prevent the continuance orrepe- and to allow an importation of it fred
urion of th.ofe djforders. of duty, from ai)j part of Europe.
' "Bu^shoufci any of your Majf fty*s fob- And to one private bt». *
jects conuoye so loft to all Sense of About 1 q O'clock at niehe the corpse
tljqjr O^tri^e interest, a&V^ as duty, of her late Royal Highneft the Princess
as to go on to interrupt, by thqir law- Louisa-Anne, after lying in state that
Jg&.and deSperate practices, that, quiet day 19 the Frince's Chapber, was prian^
peaceable enjPyment of every right vatply interred in tbe Royal Vault la
and ^riyi)ege'^ttea to eacfy individual King.Henry the Tilth's Chapel,
among us by our, excellent constirurion, The procession began between nine
which it ha? ever been your M«jeft/s and. ten from the £rinCe k s Chamber tp
$rft object and cfeief glory to fecure and the Abbey, u^here th^bodyyyas recejvp.erpetuate
to irs all; permjt us, your ed by the pean, who performed the fri-
Majefty'struly dutiful and gratejfulfiib- ueral service; her ^xtace the.Dutcbesa
jects, the Lords S^iruual and Tempo- of Manchefter was cfyef mourner, aft
tal^and COppon?, in Pailiapent af- the pall wassppported by Ladjr Gndolseptjleil,
to. aj^ure your jyiajefty of qur phin. Lady $ostont Lady Masham, ai|d
ready 'concurrence |o every pe^fure that • Lady. EdghgopoBeV
pay 'eopribjite'tp otsble your'M^l^ "The minute gips^t the "Tower be- v
niost effectually to maintain the public gen siring airopit mine at night, and it.
aujhorily, a^ R^rry the laws into'due Paul's bell and those of most of the
execution v andbf our determined reSo- Churche? in Londcin.ano 'WdWalyr
Iurion, moft chearfully and vigorpussy tollefl rycrv mpoite, and continued 'till
to suj^prt yojf'f Majesty agunaift every her Royal Higlpef^s body was interred,
attempt.to creai di|fiicultyOr a|stutl>kiice
p your Majesty's government. New Member.
' ASHLEY Co WPER, CI. Rjirl. Richard TonSon, Wind for. Ld. Geo.
Beauclerk, diflfi
His Majffy's M.oft Gracious jfnjvper.
Zfft ofBut-rus for tbe Year 176^.
Mtt Lords end Gentlemen, M^y r$. T Ady ^Ittinchingbrohe, ^f a
t receive with gVeat satisf^tion, thi? J^ t^Ughter. -
loyal, dutiful, and Seasonable addTeii

474 The MAGAZINE of
na, arable linguist to the Conrt of Morocco.
He was a great favourite of the
prefcat Emperor, and by that means
rendered many signal services to the
English, particularly to the Captain and
crew of the Litchfield man of war-
Cardinal Crivelli, at Rome.—Lieut.
Gea. de Glinstra, at Lenarden in Holland—Relict
of Robert Elwes, Esq;
of Chifwick. She has left 1200I. to
the Society for propagating the Gospel,
200I. to the Sons of the Clergy, 200I.
to the charity school at Chefwick, and
iool. to the poor of that parish, with
other Charitable legacies. Velters
Cornwall, Esq; late Member for Cornwall
He was one of thofe steady patriots,
whom no promises, rewards, titles
or expectations could seduce from
the true interest of his country. He loft
a great estate at the death of his brother
Caprain Cornwall, by not voting
with him in Parliament.——Sir Robert
Hicks, Bart, of Hemel Hempstead,
.Hertfordshire.—Hon. Mary Cranfton,
daughter of late Lord Cranston.—John
Baptist Nicholas Boyer, Physician in
ordinary to the French King, and F. R. S.
—Hon. Fra. Fauquier, Lieut. Gov. of
Virginia.—Right Hon. Lucy Stewart,
daughter of die Earl of Traquair.——
Helen, Countess Dowager of Hadington.—At
his seat near Verfailles, Lewis
Alexander, Prince de Lambene, fon of
Dyke de Pentblevre.—The Hon. Lieut
Gen. James Stewart, fon of the late E.
of (Galloway, and Colonel of the 37th
regiment of foot.—MAY 9. Bonnel
Thornton, Esq ; concerned in a temporary
publication, called the Connoifseur,
he also published a translation of
Crt of the works of Plautuv *a

«' " ' ; For TM A Y, 176S. ' ; 475
take satisfaction ofa gentleman's servant, to the city, sot off for Ringsend, the
who had given them offence; this like Summer retreat of Some whom they had
many evils, arose from a trifling matter, alrendy punished, as they had heth city
in which much indifcretion appeared, and country heuses, but here their rage
until it ended in the catastrophe just Subsided, tor what with liquor and famentionnd;
the unhappy Servant fur- tigue many of them became incapable
rendernd himself to justice. of doing more, and fome even fell asleep,
' FRI. MAY 6. Seventy fix pounds fo that about thirtv of them were pickwere
moft generously applied for the nd up by the Lord Mayor, who for the
suport of the infirmary in the county of readier conveyance of theni to New-
Tipperary, by a number of gentlemen gate, had fome thrown into cam, and
of that county, callnd upon to attend and others laid on cars, where they
fome trials at bar, by which they be- were driven nndding as they went, uncame
intided to it. der the care of a military efcort. In
TUES. IO. Mr. Callen of Ormond- this, as in other conflagrations, fome
market, was fo ill treated at an houseof were sufferers who are to be pitied,
ill same in Smock-alley, that he expirnd proprietors of houses which they never
before he Could reach his dwelling; intended should be occupied by Such
the inhumanity of tbe wretches was fo guefts, as keepers of bawdy-houses, the
great, that they cut the tendons of his peft of many a gond neighbourhond,
legs, by which his blond was let out; but were unwarily taken in by people,
the populace the following evening in re- in appearance of another caft, who for
fentment, fell upon the brothels in that the lake of securing a vent for had wine
neighbourhond, which were not a few; and adulterated spirits, become inftruby
morning they had so dissected them ments thus scandalous. A lift of these
that they were mere skeletons, their undertakers would be very acceptable
moveables were either committed to the to the public, that a proper dereffation
flames, or carried off by the populace, might be shewn them,
who being elated with the fuccefs of THURS. 12. His Excellency the Ld.
their work, and heated with liquor, di- Lieutenant went in the usual ftate, and *
ftributed themselves to different parts of gave the royal assent to the following
she city with the fame resolution of re- bills, viz.—An act to enable Grand Jur
formation, in which they met fo little ries to raise by presentment money for
obstruction, that by eleven o'clock they discharging the rents of court-houses,
had demolished more than forty houses: goals, and offices for keeping records,
la some the plunder was" very confide- &c.—To amend theactfor the relief Of
rable, which was not attempted to he insolvent debtors. • For ere&jng barremoved
by the proprietors, flattering racks and light-houseb, and to'dispose
themselves to be fecure, from tbeir in- of such as become uSelefs.—For openterest
in the city, and the consequence ing wide and convenient passages in the
they were of in their profession; but city of Dublin—To amend an act for
they foon experienced the truth of the public infirmaries.—For the union and
old proverb. . t. ~ ; i\ divifion of parishes.—For explaining the
Not lefs than fix persons were killed act for the better Supplying of Dublin
in this rage of havock, from the unlkil- with corn.—For providing carriages for
fulness ofthe operators, who in fome tbe removal of loldiers baggage.—For
Places, brought the houses down on the application of 7000L granted to the
themsel ves and their attendants, while Dublin Sociery —For allowing time for
others were killed by the flying fumi- qualifying. For erecting chapels of
tare from the lofty apartments: thus ease in the parish of Armagh, and to
ended "the city manoeuvre. Thefe re- several road and private bills,
formers, not limiting their resentment Petitions from several corporate towns
O o o 2 ' and

THE M A G A Z i TR E of M - A C A Z I N E S,
and from the ciry of Dublin were pre-
S^d#Wfl®nM, drying.
cl&arive iff i tight sountei 'find
qka^tirra^e; \if$n Miich It Wai fefolvthkih
fa*: frteghlatingxrun^rfer-
»e. toUfe Aid in thk kingdttHi,
Muttl tilhd fo promote and
strengthen 'the ^rbtelhint interefthere.
A ctidfet Wkis difcOvered &e i4th
at. Heat- Beffast at hkff past ten post
liierldfein, about & frtJiri the noniron,
WithVtill two fathOmis long, extending
15 the N. E. points, arid was
vfiftle 16V 17 minutes.
On a "sub'fcriptidn being pmpofed
fereVectldg abridge Over the river at
Lrniddnclerty, iheLOrd Bishop Of DeriVinoft-^tkbufly
subset ibedioobl.
Mok ft Was held a Pott Asseto-
Bly of-the cily, in Order, 'as tipressed
in rtse tfrttiMis, " to take info cdnfider'atioh
the late cttfradrdinaty 'Otirrdge's
cbfoWSttedft'thfe dry,lt»ii Vith
imst. and tbe % following. ft Order
for the 'indfe effectual executing the
fcirfittesa oif the csay a 'Contertbee wfcs
fe'quetted, iirMiith -Was frbtiosed the
MtiberOr ttfe ^rocedu^e, Web wheh
settled, each, house Wifste tpnflder of
SepWate'ly • "the firft of Whdh WVs to
bsseHaYeWtfrdOlh jOL by b'rOclainaupu,
fcr ater'tain.number of Ytfc prlbeijftla;
jthdlie^rTu'in fdr Others Of 'thein %
Vnigkt h^'aJMcncfefl iha Hmited ! time;
itte found f Wak that i cdinmittee might
iti ftritt, ftoin the Members of fcoth
. Souses, for 'an 'enquiry info We caiffcs
and ndhrfpsaubfc of fccfe riots, and
Vhat ft&s^ere'or tod been taktai fy
Iftre Magfstikres to suppress thefo ; and
Wo to enquire What MWts are ft Hk
frreserft fasttim of'ih'e city fo
point out sech remedies for tole saflie,
US may o'dCu'r tn the'c/tfttrse or this Vnuniry.
Hie neceffily irO'ctdtire for
'the 'first feing agreed tb, occasioned the
fonowN^.' '
tMfcfttl, That Hot foe ptiiPe ;pf
efcpr^ thetity's d W f the
fefe •fVanerdils proceedings, te die
^cily tfgrtisadO at fee ejtjjende oftheeily
proSecute the persefli concerned fn the
late outrages, not only those atprefept
confined Th 'Newghte, hut fell ffich &
tbers trs shall hetfkfter^he apprehended
Whhfh six months fof the fame offence.
But this atone the Commons would
nert ^fiWio'niakc an act of'iffetebly,
therttdrt proceeded on the btffliieSs Of
tbe Second article as above propofed,
and lor tbe puf^bse Serit upthe fofloW-
The PETITION of certain of the
Commons.
SbeWeth,
" That a riotous and Ptrtdlthons
pob did in Tuefday and Wedbeftlay
tW loth and itrfc instant, affeinble
tc^ethei and audacibiLifly enter into the
dwdfinghoufts offeverhl of the inhabitants
df this City, and took 'thereout
firrnitufe, plate, and juWels, Aid other
articles of Value, to a very considerable
amount.
That notconteht with despoiling them
Of their personal property, thry carried
theit outrage to the mbft daring and unprecedented
lengths, deuitfliming the
houses themselves, arnd converting trikfy
of them info heajps Of Ytfbbfsh.
That
'Were cbirimhtefl
In the in despoght Of the ^a-
; ^rid'that the niihat unhapp/ J sitffer-
?rk haVe not nbwfo mutb b 'a plirce tb
Wrftet them in, hor an article of netef-
1 J
fi|ryJfortrttui% fOacctiminOdate rhem.
That'll the honour of the city and
thefalte of public justice, 'an enquiry
"should bemadeint o the'caufe.and continuance
of Vhese hitherto Unheard of
disturbances, p ^Order thit the nffend-
'eVs may/bepUniSred as the 'law directs.
We.Aei'oforfe. pray, thatybur EordtKp^
florfoufsfWill pleaSed to
appoint a committee to tdqt^re A la^
fhcta^se, and cdntirfnance of thofe
H^s.'aitd WVat fWris Wet'e'to hairfe been
taken by -ffie Mfettrkres'to funpreft
thein; and 'affo 'ta^imurreW^atdefefl^
are 'inthtpfesent system cS tbe city
police, and pirat'but such reinedies for
the fame, Ui may occur in 'the couife
of tUis enqun£ to
Tb
, — M A
fo which the following mefiage was
i«it:
That the petition contained matter
pot mentioned ia the Summons, therefore
they wotnd not enter into the ctnfideration
oSit, and the rather as the
beard was thin
. Againft tbfs the Commons remonstrated,
pointed out the propriety of
she proceedings, and hew much it was
in the bdfineis of the day; however
from the great length of time that had
been taken up by the board in -this
matte*, whoa a second coriferente was
defired, a Sufficient mimber of thecOmr
mocs did .not remain to compoSe an af«fembly,
which must consist oftoot less
than forty Megvhefs, fo that the board
canieto the follow pgrefolotiort, which
fhould not be considered to reflect any
discredit On the CothmOris, Whbse determinations
were, to ewcutfe the purpofe
of their meeting, in the moft effectual
manner and not otherwise, for the
satisfaction of their constituents and' the
"city "In ^general; as it would then hate
appeared hoW far the peace of the cj^
was attended ta,'4ry those
to whom it is
'consigned. -{Ci to no'• • tl. jide
" We, the Lonfi Mayor, and board
ef Aldermen, having ajofi abhorrtncie
of the late traiteious and riotous proceedings
'ih this ciry, have determined
10-prosecute, Wirh the utmoft, rigour,
the several perfons concerned therein,
do direct theeiry Agent to conduct indh
proledtftions at our private expence,
dated this 16th May, n bis Excrlle*cy
tbt Lit-d 'Litofenant, witb the.fallowing
Addrifs.
May itfUaft your Eoeefllency 1
Vl 7 E the-Lords Spiritual and Terii-
VV poral in Parliament affemhled,
cannot look back upon what has passed
Anting the present fsfiirms of ^ariiay
' : , iii t? it 01 ';'• •/ •}'
y ^ . 4 7 6 8 . 477
ment, which now seems to be djawing
Jiear to !lts condufton, ; without observing,
with gratitude and 'jpJeaftife, how
eminently it isdr^inghHhed by thetiiat
ny useful bills which hrye rtcdved
your Elxcellency'sicind countenance and
assistance, and post eminently the
bill for liniitlfig the duration of Parliaments,
which having paffe^l into a law,
will for ever reflect &e : highest glory
anfl honour upon your EtCeuCncy's adunfflRraiion.
' r ' " ; s ' f ' ' _
YoUr'Excellency's manv public and
private virtues have most defervedly acquired
Our greatest efteem, and it is but
just that we should express it as We
how beg leave to do. But this expression
would be inadequate did we ridt
add p it as we most sincerely do, otir
grateful and hearty thanks to your 'Etcvliency
for your faithful ana most difinterefted
conduct, for'your vighant iihil
imwearied attention

478 The M a G A z I * E
-.... • • .(t ,n.v,- ,«. ,
Your Lordships may be assured that
the interest and prosperity of this kingdom
shall be the constant object of my
care and attention.
Tbe AJirefs of tbe Hon. tbe Houfe of
Commons to bis Excellency.
of M A C A Z I N B S,
necessary for the further improvement
of our constitution, will be obtained, at
Such time as his Majefty in his rOyal
wiSdom shall think moft SeaSonable..
Impressed with the deepeft Sentiments
of gratitude to the best of Kings, we
have during tbe whele courSe oSbis Majesty's
reign, Supported his Majesty's
government, with dignity and honour,
and from your Excellency's .knows justice
and candour, we have the fullest
confidence that your Excellency will
make the moft favourable representation
to his Majefty of tbe inviolable attachment
of the Commons of Ireland,
to his Majefty'8 sacred person, and illustrious
family. r -i if, •.(•;•
WMay it pleafeyour Excellency,
E his Majesty's moft dutiful and
loyal subjects the Commons Of
Ireland in Parliament assembled, think
« ot»r duty to return your Excellency,
othr moft sincere thanks, for your mild,
jest and prudent adminiftration.
Happy in having devoted our own
existence to the Uhertics of our country,
vc find ourselves under an indispenfible
cbligation, at our approaching dissolution,
to express the warmest acknowledgments,
to a Chief Governor, in whofe To which Addrtfs his Excellency as
administration, and with whefe assist- plea Jed to return tbe following Anance,
we have been gratified with the
gable opportunity oS distinguishing ourfvuerr

I am commanded to thank you, in his
Majesty's name, Sor the Supplies which
haveheen granted to support the present
establishment; and, you may be
affured they shall be applied, with the
utmost Srugaliry, to the purpoSes for
which they were intended.
My Lords and Gentlemen,
That the inconveniencles, which unavoidably
attend a general election,
may be as Ijtde felt as possible, his Majefty,
in his paternal gondnefs, hath
commanded me, with all convenient
Speed, to dissolve the preSent Parliament,
and to issue writs for calling a
new one, as soon as the uSual and con-
ftitutional courSe of proceedings in like
cases will-permit.
But.his Majesty will not put an end
For M A Y, 479
of their persons,——For applying the' to . this Parllament, without having first
sum of 6000L for carrying on a navi- thanked you for themany eminent proofa
gation Sioni the city of Limerick, and which you have given him of your in-;
complearing the Said work, at their violable fidelity and attachment tO his
pwa expence.—For the further im- perfon, Samily and government; nor
provement oS his Majesty's revenue, can his Majefty in the leaft doubt of
&c.—For the better preservation of receiving fresh marks of the Same affec-
corn.—And to Sour private bills. > tion, loyalty and zeal, in the choice of
representatives at the next general elec-
Then his Excellency mas pleated to tion.
clefe tbe SeJJion nuitb tbe following I recommend it to you, moft ear-
• Speech.
nestly, that by your example and authority,
you do, in your several stations,
..,.>• TMy Lords and Gentlemen, preServe that good order, and due exe-
HE advanced SeaSonofthe year, cution of the laws, So peculiarly necet
Sary at this time.
and the extraordinary length oS And that you do, by your firmhesa
your attendance, make it necessary for and prudence, discountenance the re-
you to return to your Several countries peated attempts, which have been mnde
as Soon as possible.
by falSe representations, to alienate the
Amongst the many gond laws which affections of the people; to fill their
have been passed, it was with particular minds with groundlefs jealousies; and
SatisSaction that I gave the royal assent
to that for limiting the duration of Par-
ftir up unjuft complaints.
:
I return you my • warmest acknowliaments;
his Majesty's grade us conledgments for the very honourable and
defcention to his subjects, in that in- obliging manner in which you have exstance,
calls for the warmest returns of pressed your approbation of my conduct,
gratitude and affection ; and I mist it and I desire you will he assured that
will be productive of the nioft Substan- my bed endeavours shall upon every
tial and permanent advantages to the occasion, be uniformly and strenuously
kingdom in general.
Gentlemen of tbe Houje of Commons,
exerted to promote the interest ana
prosperity of Ireland.—The Parliament
was then prorogued to the 13th of
June next. . / U i
SAT. 28. Thediflblutionof the present
Parliament was declared by proclamation.
' • t
TOWNSHEND.
•1A/HEREAS his Majefty hath Signiy
y sied unto us, bis royal plea Sure,
that the preSent Parliament of this kingdom,
which now ftands prorogued to
the fourteenth day of June next, be
forthwith dissolved.
WE, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland,
in obedience to his Majesty's commands,
do publish and declare, that the
J faid Parliament he, and accordingly the
faid Pailiainent is hereby dissolved; and
the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and
theJKnights, Citizens and Burgesses, of

• ~~
480 The M i A C l i l ^ o/M A 0 A Z I N E Sf
die Hoofcof Commons, are discharged Esq; Major of the 6ndfoot, Ton ef the
from their meeting and attendance, oa Rev. Dean Sr. George.—Ar aft 23.'
the faid fourteenth day of June nest The Right Hon. the C untess of Ross,
Given at his Majesty's castle ofDdb- relict of Richard late Earl oif Rosa—
lin, the a8th day of May, 1768. ; 27. Lady Riverston—28 Bdmond
By his Excellency's command, Browne of Newgvove, counry of Clare,
FRED. CAMPBELL. Bfq, Miss Alicia Neweaham, youngeft
God lave the King. .' daughter of-Sir Edward Newenhatn,
Bart.—MAY 2. MiSs Catherine Carrol,
Liftof BIRTHS for tbe Tear 1768. id'daughter of Alexander Carroll, ESq.
In Mwefwsowh-ftreet, Mrs. Sharaan
MAY j.nfT^H&Ladyof Thomas But* ± Albert Glndstanes, ESq.—6. Jn,
X ler, of Garryhundon, Vickers, ESq; M. D.—7. At Youg-
Esq; of a daughter.—7.— of Dav^ hall, Matthew Junes, Esq; Collector
latoache, jun. Esq; M. P. for the ©or. there. James Kelly oS the county: of
of Dundalk, of a son andheir Is Loor RoScemmun, Esq. At Bath, aged 84,
don, the CounteSs of DcnepL, of a the Rev. Dr. Patrick Delany, Dean of
dau. The Lady ofCoJ. Richardson, Dowse. 16. At Athlohe, the Rev.
of a fon and heir.--11, —ofSir Fin;- Henry Goldfmith.—-17. NearDrhingerald
Ayimer,Bart. of two Soss.~-i6. coiidra, filmier Duggw, aged'119.
In London, the Coqntesa of Barrymore, I„ Brussels, aged 102, Coll MNamara,
of a daug. a native.oS this kingdom.—21. James
. 'qa? • Stanley, £Sq; Attorney. Arthur French,
Lift ofMxaaxAOEs/er tbe Tear; 1 £68. of the Queen's county, Esq,-—-Matt.
- CoOfce, of the coumy of Tipperary,
APRIL 29. T^ET. MaiwdlofYork- Eli,. ^ ^ '
Jr street, Esq; to Miss
Esther Tyrrell, niece of the late j\dmi- lift of PROMOTIONS for tbe Teat
ralTyrreH.—MAT 2. Arthur Dames 1 v 1768.
of Bellfidd, county of WeftmeadiJBsq;
to the widow Brady.—r4. Dacre Ha- May 4. QIR fto^tDeafK^ app.
milton, Esq; Captain in tbe 37th foot,' " J a Deputy Governor of the
- to the widow Wright, eopntje of Mo- county of Corfce —rClotworthy Rownaghan.
William fchibbs, .of-Rath- ley, Efq; tylajW of the 2th drag. (Hu.
mulien, county ofSHgoe, Esq; to: Mifs Carte, Efq; pro.) Robert BaHladeo,
Lloyd, eldest daughter of OWah Uofrd, Efq; Major 61ft foot, in the room d
of Rockville Hall, county of Rofeon- Sir John jefiferys, Lieutenant Govemot
mon, Efq. Joha Deane, cpunty of ofthe