The Evolution of the Long-Necked Giraffe (pdf) - Wolf-Ekkehard Lönnig
The Evolution of the Long-Necked Giraffe (pdf) - Wolf-Ekkehard Lönnig
The Evolution of the Long-Necked Giraffe (pdf) - Wolf-Ekkehard Lönnig
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19<br />
<strong>The</strong> majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> corrections concerning Hunt's statements are based on data that<br />
were already known at <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 90s <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> previous century – thus she<br />
(like Kutschera) has not done careful and critical research, but ra<strong>the</strong>r made statements<br />
designed to provide impressive support for <strong>the</strong> syn<strong>the</strong>tic <strong>the</strong>ory <strong>of</strong> evolution, yet<br />
incorrect in <strong>the</strong> essential points.<br />
Thus, we come full circle back to <strong>the</strong> first part <strong>of</strong> our exposition: <strong>The</strong> assertion,<br />
made before an audience <strong>of</strong> altoge<strong>the</strong>r some 1 million viewers by Ulrich Kutschera<br />
that <strong>the</strong> difficulties for <strong>the</strong> syn<strong>the</strong>tic <strong>the</strong>ory <strong>of</strong> evolution presented in Fritz<br />
Poppenberg’s film were "false statements" (see Kutschera above), is shown to be<br />
itself incorrect by <strong>the</strong> above data.<br />
3b. General lineages<br />
If <strong>the</strong> evidence for "species-to-species-transitions" for <strong>the</strong> giraffe is so completely<br />
lacking (although such cases should, according to her words, appear especially<br />
frequently in Part 2 <strong>of</strong> her work, in which <strong>the</strong> giraffe is also treated) – could not, at<br />
least, her second main assertion be correct, i. e. that evidence exists for a "general<br />
lineage", confirming <strong>the</strong> evolution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Giraffidae indirectly? So, let us look more<br />
closely at her assertions on <strong>the</strong> matter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "general lineage":<br />
"This is a sequence <strong>of</strong> similar genera or families, linking an older group to a very different<br />
younger group."<br />
However, this could just mean a purely morphological derivation, which cannot<br />
necessarily be identified with a series <strong>of</strong> evolutionary stages (Dacqué, Kuhn, Troll).<br />
She continues:<br />
"Each step in <strong>the</strong> sequence consists <strong>of</strong> some fossils that represent a certain genus or family,<br />
and <strong>the</strong> whole sequence <strong>of</strong>ten covers a span <strong>of</strong> tens <strong>of</strong> millions <strong>of</strong> years."<br />
Since <strong>the</strong> fossil evidence for Giraffidae stretches back some 23 million years, this<br />
assertion could be correct in principle. Interpreting <strong>the</strong> existing fossil genera as<br />
"steps" in a genetic-evolutionary sequence, however, runs into <strong>the</strong> above-discussed<br />
time and anatomical difficulties (see fur<strong>the</strong>r points below). Hunt fur<strong>the</strong>r defines:<br />
"A lineage like this shows obvious morphological intermediates for every major structural<br />
change, and <strong>the</strong> fossils occur roughly (but <strong>of</strong>ten not exactly) in <strong>the</strong> expected order."<br />
<strong>The</strong> evidence <strong>of</strong> "obvious morphological intermediates for every major structural<br />
change" does not exist for Giraffidae, nei<strong>the</strong>r within <strong>the</strong> short-necked giraffes nor for<br />
<strong>the</strong> decisive step to <strong>the</strong> long-necked giraffes, nor within <strong>the</strong> long-necked giraffes.<br />
And one would have to be unrealistically benevolent if one wants to claim that, in <strong>the</strong><br />
sense <strong>of</strong> evolutionary connections, <strong>the</strong> fossils in this family appear "roughly (but<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten not exactly) in <strong>the</strong> expected order".<br />
"Usually <strong>the</strong>re are still gaps between each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> groups - few or none <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> speciation<br />
events are preserved."