Exhibition labels & didactics - National Gallery of Victoria
Exhibition labels & didactics - National Gallery of Victoria Exhibition labels & didactics - National Gallery of Victoria
NAPOLEON’S EXILE ON ST HELENA, 1815-21 Following the disastrous retreat from Moscow in 1812, further military setbacks, the hostile invasion of France by the forces of the Sixth Coalition and a loss of support from the French people, Napoleon abdicated for the first time on 6 April 1814. After a frustrating period exiled as token head of the island state of Elba, he returned to France, regaining power for what became known as the Hundred Days before his armies were beaten at the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815. Barely a month after Napoleon’s final defeat and second abdication, he personally surrendered to British troops. Not wishing a repeat of the Elba disaster, the victors in Vienna quickly determined to exile him to St Helena, an isolated island in the South Atlantic Ocean aptly described as a remote volcanic rock. It was home to a British colony controlled by the East India Company, serving as a way station on the Atlantic trade routes. The island has no harbour for deep-draught ships and is virtually encircled by cliffs; thus, access was easy to monitor and control. St Helena became Napoleon’s final home, until his death in 1821. 226 © COPYRIGHT This document remains the property of the National Gallery of Victoria and must be returned upon request. Reproduction in part or in whole is prohibited without written authorisation.
FRANCE Napoleon on Saint Helena, pocket watch Montre de poche Napoléon sur le rocher de Sainte-Hélène Restoration period 1814–30 enamel, silver-gilt Fondation Napoléon, Paris Donation Lapeyre inv. 595 (ENGLAND) Locket containing a lock of Napoleon’s hair given by Mme Bertrand (a member of Napoleon’s suite on Saint Helena) to Captain Theed R. N. in 1816 1816 gold, glass, hair National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne Bequest of Dame Mabel Brookes, 1976 In the past it was customary to present locks of hair to relatives or friends as tokens of affection. This piece of Napoleon’s hair was given to Captain John Theed by Countess Fanny Bertrand, a loyal French member of Napoleon’s household on St Helena. Theed was commander of the HMS Leveret, one of the many warships that patrolled St Helena. Theed met Napoleon on 14 January 1816 when he was probably given this memento. It was later acquired by Dame Mabel Brookes a descendant of William Balcombe, for her extensive Napoleonic collection. 227 © COPYRIGHT This document remains the property of the National Gallery of Victoria and must be returned upon request. Reproduction in part or in whole is prohibited without written authorisation.
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FRANCE<br />
Napoleon on Saint Helena, pocket watch<br />
Montre de poche Napoléon sur le rocher de<br />
Sainte-Hélène<br />
Restoration period 1814–30<br />
enamel, silver-gilt<br />
Fondation Napoléon, Paris<br />
Donation Lapeyre inv. 595<br />
(ENGLAND)<br />
Locket containing a lock <strong>of</strong> Napoleon’s<br />
hair given by Mme Bertrand (a member<br />
<strong>of</strong> Napoleon’s suite on Saint Helena)<br />
to Captain Theed R. N. in 1816<br />
1816<br />
gold, glass, hair<br />
<strong>National</strong> <strong>Gallery</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Victoria</strong>, Melbourne<br />
Bequest <strong>of</strong> Dame Mabel Brookes, 1976<br />
In the past it was customary to present locks<br />
<strong>of</strong> hair to relatives or friends as tokens <strong>of</strong><br />
affection. This piece <strong>of</strong> Napoleon’s hair was<br />
given to Captain John Theed by Countess<br />
Fanny Bertrand, a loyal French member <strong>of</strong><br />
Napoleon’s household on St Helena. Theed<br />
was commander <strong>of</strong> the HMS Leveret, one <strong>of</strong><br />
the many warships that patrolled St Helena.<br />
Theed met Napoleon on 14 January 1816<br />
when he was probably given this memento.<br />
It was later acquired by Dame Mabel Brookes<br />
a descendant <strong>of</strong> William Balcombe, for her<br />
extensive Napoleonic collection.<br />
227<br />
© COPYRIGHT<br />
This document remains the property <strong>of</strong> the <strong>National</strong> <strong>Gallery</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Victoria</strong> and must be returned upon request. Reproduction in part or in whole is prohibited without written authorisation.