Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN Chapter I. Introduction and Purpose Draft 1 March 2007 Table I-1.1. Various names attributed to the Phoenix Islands over time. Current Name Other Names References Abariringa Maude 1937; Garnett 1983a Canton Hydrographic Office 1940; Bryan 1974; McIntire 1940; Hempstead 1871 Kanton Garnett 1983a; Douglas and Douglas 1994; Neemia and Thaman 1993 Mary Balcout Hydrographic Office 1916; Douglas and Douglas 1994; McIntire 1960 Mary Balcourt Garnett 1983a Swallow Hydrographic Office 1916; McIntire 1960; Hempstead 1871 Balcout Gardner 1938; Sharp 1960 Bulcot Gardner 1938 Balcut Van Zwaluwenburg 1941 Mary Bryan 1941; Bryan 1942; Hydrographic Office 1916; Douglas and Douglas 1994; McIntire 1960; Van Zwaluwenburg 1941; Hempstead 1871. Barney’s Island Sharp 1960; Maude 1968 Tinaari Government of Kiribati 1995; Tauati 1997 Birnie Douglas and Douglas 1994; Hempstead 1871 Enderbury Bryan 1941, 1942 and 1974; Douglas and Douglas 1994; Sharp 1960; Maude 1968; Hempstead 1871 Enderby Maude 1968 Rawaki Stone et al 2001; Planetary Coral Reef Foundation 2004 Manra Maude 1937 Sydney Maude 1968 McKean Hydrographic Office 1940; Wilkes 1845; Bryan 1941 and 1942; Hempstead 1871 M’Kean Hartlaub and Finsch 1872; Rhodes 1936a Drummond’s Douglas and Douglas 1994; Throssell and Specht 1989; Island Maude 1968 2
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN Chapter I. Introduction and Purpose Draft 1 March 2007 Arthur Island Sharp 1960; did not exist according to Hempstead 1871 Wigram’s Island Maude 1968 Wilkes Hempstead 1871 Nikumaroro Maude 1937 Gardner Pompey 1972 and 1974 Kemins Bryan 1941 and 1942; Hydrographic Office 1916 Kemin’s Laxton 1951 Mary Letitia’s Island Laxton 1951 Kimins Tudor 1968; Pompey 1972 and 1974 Kemin Rhodes 1936; Maude 1968 Orona Maude 1937 Hull Wilkes 1845; Hydrographer of the Navy 1969 Halls Hempstead 1871 Rawaki Republic of Kiribati 1992 Phoenix Bryan 1941 and 1942; Tudor 1968; Hempstead 1871 Phenix Sharp 1960 Thoenix Rickman 1871 Carondelet Reef Winslow Reef Hydrographic Office 1916; Hydrographer of the Navy 1969 Mary Reef Kursenstern 1835; Maude 1968 Hydrographic Office 1940; Degener and Gillaspy 1955; Hydrographer of the Navy 1969. With the exception of Abariringa (Canton), the Phoenix Islands were among the least influenced by human activities of tropical Pacific Islands (Fosberg et al 1973). There were two major reasons for maintaining their ecological integrity. 1) Several of the Phoenix Islands, especially Rawaki (Phoenix), Orona (Hull), Birnie, and Enderbury, were breeding grounds for the remnants of the once enormous seabird populations in the Pacific Islands. This was evident by the vast guano deposits that had been extracted from these islands. 2) The smaller Phoenix Islands including Rawaki (Phoenix), Birnie, Enderbury, and McKean, provide some of the very few remaining examples of fairly intact natural small island ecosystems in the Pacific. Studying these relatively simple eco-systems almost un-touched by man, could provide clues for understanding more complex eco-systems such as found in continental areas. The Phoenix Islands were identified as a Key Biodiversity Area in Conservation International’s Ecosystem Program for the Polynesia/Micronesia Hotspot under the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) (Pierce 2006). The Phoenix Islands was identified as an Important Bird Area by Birdlife International. In March 2006, the Government of Kiribati (GOK) declared the Phoenix Islands Protected Area (PIPA), making it the third largest marine protected area in the world today. The GOK, 3
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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