Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 4. Marine Resources Draft 1 March 2007 At nesting site 1, 16 fresh turtle tracks were identified (Balazs 1975). In addition, two green turtles, Chelonia, were observed. At site 2, more than 100 nesting pits were identified. Most appeared less than 2 to 3 months old. At site 3, more than 30 recent pits were identified. At site 4, more than 40 pits were identified. Personnel on Abariringa (Canton) also kept turtle pets (Balazs 1975). Many had photographs of turtles they had observed on the island. These were all identified as Chelonia. There were two reports of turtles with distinct ridges on their carapace. This would suggest that other marine turtles were also present on Abariringa. Turtles were common throughout the year inside and outside of the lagoon. Nesting was observed throughout the year, but more common during October and November at sites 2 and 3. Balazs (1975) estimated that there may be a fairly large numbers of green turtles that nest on Abariringa (Canton) (see also Hirth 1993). Dahl (1980) reported that sea turtle nesting was common on Abariringa (Canton) and Enderbury. Dahl (1980) recommended that Abariringa (Canton) and Enderbury turtle breeding areas be protected. Garnett (1983) reported that green turtles nest on Abariringa (Canton) in unknown numbers. Zug and Balazs (1985) examined skeletochronological techniques to determine age estimations of the green turtle, Chelonia mydas. Humeri from 10 Hawaiian green turtle that died in the last 9 years, and 1 green turtle from Abariringa (Canton) in the Phoenix Islands were examined. The specimen from Abariringa (Canton) was estimated to be 15 years in age based on skeletochronological techniques. Based on results, it appeared that the Abariringa (Canton) turtle grew much faster and had an earlier maturity than green turtles from Hawaii. Hirth (1993) recommended that the status of green turtle nesting on Abariringa (Canton) needed to be examined. 49
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 4. Marine Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Yeeting (1988) reported a lot of breeding pits on the ocean side beach close to the brid sanctuary site on the southern part of Abariringa (Canton). Turtles were observed in the shallow waters on the western reef site. In 2000, 34 green turtles and 1 hawkbill turtle were observed while diving (Stone et al 2001). In 2002, turtle surveys were conducted on Abariringa (Kanton), Birnie, Enderbury, Manra, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (Obura and Stone 2003). Results of these turtle surveys are presented in Table III-4.14 above. In 2004, Planetary Coral Reef Foundation (2004) observed mating turtles twice while diving at Abariringa (Kanton). In addition a great number of turtles, mostly green turtles were observed. Pierce et al (2006) reported that people on Abariringa (Kanton) recently consumed turtles. Kerr and Wragg (2006) reported their 2006 observations of marine turtles on Birnie, Enderbury, Manra, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki. Results are provided in Table III-4.15 above. BIRNIE Balazs (1975) did not visit Birnie, but reported that tracks had been observed there. Garnett (1983) reported that green turtles were known to nest on Birnie according to Balazs (1975). In 2002, turtle surveys were conducted on Abariringa (Kanton), Birnie, Enderbury, Manra, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (Obura and Stone 2003). Results of these turtle surveys are presented in Table III-4.14 above. Kerr and Wragg (2006) reported their 2006 observations of marine turtles on Birnie, Enderbury, Manra, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki. Results are provided in Table III-4.15 above. Kerr and Wragg (2006) also conducted shoreline surveys for old (>1 year old) and new (< 1 year old) turtle nests and turtle tracks on Birnie, Enderbury, Manra, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki. Results of these surveys are provided in Figure III-4.16 above. Pierce et al (2006) reported that no evidence of recent (1 to 2 months) turtle nesting on Birnie, Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki. However, several old nests were observed (see Table III-4.17 above). ENDERBURY The large sea turtle [presumably the green turtle] was found on Enderbury (Hydrographic Office 1940). The Hydrographer of the Navy (1969) reported that turtle were plentiful. 50
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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