Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 4. Marine Resources Draft 1 March 2007 MCKEAN Dana (1975) collected coral species on McKean (see also Maragos and Jokiel 1978). Maragos and Jokiel (1978) noted that there was lower diversity of coral on McKean. This was probably due to the geographic isolation and limitations in amount and diversity of habitat. Sampling effort by Dana (1975) was about half that for Abariringa (Canton) (see Maragos and Jokiel 1978). This may have also contributed to the low numbers of coral species found on McKean. Dana (1979) examined the species number relationship in McKean reef building coral. A comparison was made of complex depth gradient and wave exposure gradients. A total of 49 species in 21 genera of hermatypic scleractinian and 2 species of hermatypic hydrozoans were identified. The greatest numbers of species were on shallow terraces. Species numbers were reduced as the reef slope increased at about 18 m depth. Heterogeneity of coral assemblages was observed along both depth and exposure gradients. Wave and surge action was suggested as the principal organizing factor. Dana (1975) observed the following coral species on McKean outside of gradient survey areas. 1) Pocillopora eydouxi 8) Leptoseris mycetoseroides 2) Acropra cymbicyathus 9) Fungia (Pleuractis) scutaria Lamarck 3) A. hyacinthus 10) F. (Verrillofungia) concinna 4) A. sp. cf. A. abrotanoides 11) Favites abdita 5) Pavona minuta 12) Lobophyllia costata 6) P. clavus 13) Turbinaria irregularis 7) P. (Polyastra) sp. 14) Millepora murrayi Dana (1979) reported the following species of coral for McKean as part of the gradient study. 1) Pocillopora setchelli 2) P. verrucosa 3) P. elegans 4) P. damicornis 5) Acropora variablis 6) A. humilis 7) Montipora verrilli 8) M. sp. cf. 9) M. aequi-tuberculata 10) M. granulata 11) M. informis 12) M. socialis 13) M. venosa 14) Pavona varians 15) P. clivosa 16) Psammocora nierstraszi 17) Halomitra phillippinensis 18) Parahalomi trarobusta 19) Porites lobata 20) P. solida 21) P. lutea 22) P. australiensis 23) P. fragosa 24) P. superfusa 25) P. lichen 26) P. (Synaraea) hawaiiensis 27) Favia stelligera 28) F. pallida 29) Favites pentagona 30) Plesiastrea versipora 31) Platygyra daedalea 32) Hydnophora rigida 33) H . microconos 34) Leptastrea purpurea 35) L. transversa 36) Cyphastrea microphthalrna 37) Echinopra lamellosa 38) Millepraplaty phylla 17
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 4. Marine Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Luke (1998) reported on the Coelenterata benthic invertebrate collection of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography. Most specimens were from McKean and included the following species: 1) Millepora murrayi 2) Hydnophora microconos 3) Hydnophora rigida 4) Pocillopora damicornis 5) Pocillopora elegans 6) Pocillopora eydouxi 7) Pocillopora setchelli 8) Pocillopora verrucosa 9) Seriatopora cf. angulata 10) Acropora sp. 11) Acropora abrotanoides 12) Acropora cymbicyanthus 13) Acropora humilis 14) Acropora variabilus 15) Montipora aequi-tuberculata 16) Montipora venosa 17) Montipora verrilli 18) Porites cf australiensis 19) Porites fragosa 20) Porites hawaiiensis 21) Porites lichen 22) Porites lobata 23) Porites lutea 24) Porites solida 25) Porites superfusa 26) Psammocora nierstraszi 27) Leptoseris mycetoseroides 28) Pavona cf. clivosa 29) Pavona clavus 30) Fungia scutaria 31) Parahalomitra robusta 32) Echinophyllia aspera 33) Lobophyllia costata 34) Cyphastrea microphthalma 35) Favites pentagona 36) Leptastrea purpurea 37) Platygyra daedalea 38) Turbinaria irregularis Lovell et al (2000) provided a summary of reef types in Abriringa (Kanton), Birnie, Enderbury, Manra, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, Rawaki, Carondelet Reef, and Winslow Reef were provided (see Table III-4.2 above). In 2000, only 1 site was surveyed for coral species (Stone et al 2001). Nineteen species of coral were identified at this site. Only one partially beached Fungia was recorded indicating minimal coral stress. In 2000, coral cover averaged 20 percent around McKean (Stone et al 2001). Carpeting soft corals (Sinularia and Lobophytum) covered 10 percent of the bottom. In 2002, coral reef surveys were conducted in the Phoenix Islands (Obura and Stone 2003). All of the Phoenix Islands were surveyed except McKean. In 2004, the Planetary Coral Reef Foundation (2004) conducted dive surveys on Manra (Sydney), Rawaki (Enderbury), Abaririgna (Kanton), McKean, and Nikumaroro (Gardner). Kerr and Wragg (2006) reported that McKean had surprisingly low levels of live coral. It appeared to have had a significant coral die off more than 2 years ago. This could have been related to a 2001 wreck of a fish trawler, or the coral bleaching event in 2002. Pierce et al (2006) reported that McKean had especially low coral levels on the lee side outer reef slope site (less than 10 percent). In 2006, Kerr and Wragg (2006) conducted coral health rapid assessment surveys on Manra, Rawaki, Enderbury, Birnie, McKean, Orona, and Nikumaroro. All surveys were completed 18
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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