Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Pierce et al (2006) suggested the use of aerial application of rat bait on the larger Phoenix Islands. ABARIRINGA (CANTON, KANTON) Maude (1937) reported rats on Abariringa (Canton). These rats did not appear to more numerous than on any of the Gilbert Islands. Gardner (1938) provided an account of the rats encountered during the 1937 solar eclipse expedition. Rats were small and unbelievably tame and had no hestitation to take food from a washpan held by hand. Gardner (1938) noted that rats were probably more common than hermit crabs. A shotgun was brought on that expedition to kill rats, but with little impact. In addition, rat poison was mixed and presented to rats. Hundreds of rats should have died, but this did not seem to dent the rat population. Gardner (1938) speculated that rats on Abariringa (Canton) lived on bird eggs which resulted in bird populations on Abariringa (Canton) being less than on Enderbury. Rats were found on Abariringa (Canton) (Hydrographic Office 1940; Bryan 1934). Bryan (1941 and 1942) specified that Polynesian rats were found on Abariringa (Canton). Van Zwaluwenburg (1941) reported that where there was ground cover, the ground-nesting Polynesian rat was present in astonishing numbers. This rat fed on vegatable food including tree bark, and fruits and flowers of Scaevola. Van Zwaluwenburg (1941) reported three flea infested dogs that were brought to Abariringa (Canton), but none had any fleas when examined. There were no harbor fleas on rats. In 1946, feral canines (dogs) were first observed on Abariringa (Canton) (Oates 2003). These were probably left by the U.S. Army’s Canine Corps (1942 to 1943). They were observed swimming the lagoon from north to south. 104
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Bunker (1951) observed wild house cats that were abundant and roamed the island at night. Murphy et al (1954) noted abundant numbers of Polynesian rats, Mus exulans. Prior to World War II, it was thought that these rats may have been responsible for the reduced avaifauna of Abariringa (Canton). Degener and Gillaspy (1955) noted the presence of dogs and cats on Abariringa (Canton). Some cats had escaped from domestication. Walker (1955) observed dogs, cats, and pet rabbits on Abariringa (Canton). There was also a pet monkey on Abariringa (Canton). McIntire (1960) noted that the only native mammal was the Polynesian rat, Rattus exulans. The rat was not numerous and was primarily found on the eastern end of Abariringa (Canton). McIntire (1960) noted that dogs and cats had been introduced to Abariringa (Canton). Dogs were of all breeds and mixtures. None have run wild. Some cats have escaped and have taken a slight toll on nesting birds. Bryan (1974) noted that there were feral cats, dogs, and the Polynesian rat on Abariringa (Canton). This greatly reduced the bird populations there. Fosberg et al (1973) noted that there were dogs and cats on Abariringa (Canton). These animals were a threat to ground nesting birds. They should be sterilized or eliminated. No pet should be abandoned when the owner leaves. Abariringa (Canton) had feral cats, dogs, and Polynesian rats (King 1973). Garnett (1983) reported the Polynesian rat and feral cats and dogs on Abariringa (Canton). Government of Kiribati (1995) reported that the ship rat (kimoa) was present and caused much damage. In the 2000 census, the Statistics Office (2002) reported that the 61 residents raised local pigs, and kept dogs and cats. In 2002, about 30 Polynesian rats, Rattus exulans, on the islet (Spam Islet?) adjacent to the lagoon entrance passage (Bukaeireiti and Rabaua 2002). Neilson (2002) reported that residents of Abariringa (Kanton) had introduced cats to control the rats, but that bird populations were now vulnerable to the cats. Neilson (2002) reported that pigs that been introduced to Abariringa (Kanton) and Orona. Neilson (2002) listed mammals that had been introduced to Abariringa (Kanton), Enderbury, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (see Table III-3.31 above). 105
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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