Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

More documents

Recommendations

Info

PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Buddle (1938) probably saw lesser frigatebirds on Abariringa (Canton) (according to Sibley and Clapp 1967). As part of the 1938 Line Islands Expedition, Donaggho (1952 and 1953) visited Abariringa (Canton) and reported that bird life was considerably more scarce than at Howland. White terns and bo’son birds were the only bird in abundance. Fifty bo’sun birds were banned. Noddies, Christmas Island shearwater, red-footed boobies, frigatebirds, and Phoenix petrels were also observed. Gardner (1938) speculated that rats on Abariringa (Canton) lived on bird eggs which resulted in bird populations on Abariringa (Canton) being less than on Enderbury. Bryan (1940a) reported that the largest bird species was the great frigage of man-o-war bird, Fregata minor palmerstoni. It outnumbered all other birds on Abariringa (Canton). According to Bryan (1940a), Bundle (1938) reported seeing the magnificent frigate bird, Fregata magnificans, flying with the greater frigate, but was not reported to nest on Abariringa (Canton). The next largest birds and also abundant (Bryan 1940a) were the three species of boobies, the blue-faced booby, Sula dactylatra personata, the red-footed booby, Sula sula rubripes, and the brown booby, Sula leucogastra plotus. The red-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda melanorhynchos, was also fairly abundant (Bryan 1940a). There were four species of shearwaters and petrels that have been observed on Abriringa (Canton) (Bryan 1940a). These included the wedge-tailed shearwater, Puffinus pacificus chlororhynchus, the Christmas Islands shearwater, Puffinus nativitatis, the dusky shearwater, Puffinus ilherminieri dicrous, and the Phoenix petrel, Pterodroma alba. Also, eight species of terns have been reported from Abariringa (Canton) (Bryan 1940a). These colonies come and go. The wideawake or sooty tern, Sterna fuscata oahuensis, spectacled or bridled tern, Sterna lunata, and brown noddy, Anous stolidus pileatus, were abundant. The white tern, Gygis alba, and the blue-gray noddy, Procelsterna cerulea nebouxi were common, but not numerous. The crested tern, Thalasseus bergii cristatus, brownwinged tern, Sterna anaethetus, and black-naped tern, Sterna sumatrana, were observed within flocks of other more abundant species. Other species were migratory (Bryan 1940a). This included the Pacific golden plover, Pluvialis dominicus fulvus, the turnstone, Arenaria interpres, the wandering tattler, Heteroscelus incanus, and the bristle-thighed curlew, Numenius tahitensis. Mathews (1942) proposed a new subspecies of birds from Abariringa (Canton), Pterodroma alba cantonia subsp. nov. He noted that this subspecies bred in June or July on Abariringa (Canton). During World War II, most birds left Abariringa (Canton) due to the test firing of canons and massive construction on the island (Oates 2003). After the military left in 1946, birds slowly moved back to Abariringa (Canton). In 1943, the dredging of the channel was completed and Spam island was created. Spam island became a natural bird sanctuary. Bird populations flourished there after the war. 80
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Porter (1950) observed colonies of frigate birds, Frigata minor palmerstoni, red-footed boobies, Sula sula rubripes, blue-faced boobies, Sula dacctylatra personata, at one quarter mile intervals along the 30 miles of roads on Abariringa (Canton). In addition, plover, sooty terns, red-tailed tropic birds, Phaethon rubricauda, and fairy terns were observed in large numbers. Bunker (1951) noted frigate birds, three species of booby, golden plovers, bosun’s birds, and several species of terns. Bailey (1952) reported collecting specimens of sea brids on Abariringa (Canton). These included: man-o’-war-birds, red-footed and blue-faced boobies, grey backed and white terns, and red-tailed tropicbirds. Murphy et al (1954) noted the enorous numbers of hermit crabs on Abariringa (Canton) and reported that they periodically destroy whole populations newly hatched chicks of greyheaded tern colonies. Murphy et al (1954) noted abundant numbers of Polynesian rats, Mus exulans. Prior to World War II, it was thought that these rats may have been responsible for the reduced avaifauna of Abariringa (Canton). Murphy et al (1954) combined information from a variety of sources regarding Abariringa (Canton) avifauna and summarized them by species. The following bird species were summarized and discussed by Murphy et al (1954). 1) Puffinus pacificus chlororhynchus, 2) Puffinus lherminieri dichrous, 3) Puffinus nativitatis, 4) Pterodroma alba, 5) Phaethon lepturus, 6) Phaethon rubricauda melanorhynchos, 7) Sula dactylatra personata, 8) Sula leucogaster plotus, 9) Sula sula subspecies, 10) Fregata minor palmerstoni, 11) Fregata ariel, 12) Anas platyrhynchos, 13) Spatula clypeata, 14) Pluvialis dominicus fulvus, 15) Arenaria interpres interpres, 16) Numenius tahitiensis, 17) Heteroscelus incanus, 18) Pisobia acuminata, 19) Crocethia alba, 20) Sterna fuscata oahuensis, 21) Sterna lunata, 22) Sterna anaethetus anaethetus, 23) Sterna sumatrana sumatrana, 24) Thalasseus bergii cristatus, 25) Anous stolidus pileatus, 26) Anous minutus melanogenys, 27) Gygis alba candida, 28) Procelsterna cerulea nebouxi Walker (1955) noted that parakeets were popular pets on Abariringa (Canton). Witherspoon (1957) reported turnstones, golden plovers, gray-backed terns, sooty terns, black noddies, brown noodies, man-o-war birds, brown boobies, blue-faced boobies, red-footed boobies, white fairy terns, red-tailed tropic birds, Phoenix Islands petrel, and wedge-tailed shearwaters on Abariringa (Canton). McIntire (1960) noted that Scaevola scrub on the southeastern part of Abariringa (Canton) was an important nesting area for enormous numbers of sea birds, including frigatebirds, Fregata minor palmerstoni, and red-footed boobies, Sula sula rubripes. McIntire (1960) 81
Page 1 and 2:
The Phoenix Islands Protected Area
Page 3 and 4:
Table of Contents Chapter Title Pag
Page 5 and 6:
List of Acronyms Acronym full name
Page 7 and 8:
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANA
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
9 PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MA
Page 207 and 208:
11 PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA M
Page 209 and 210:
13 PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA M
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226: PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANA
Page 275: PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANA
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Page 345 and 346:
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409 and 410:
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
Page 427 and 428:
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
Page 433 and 434:
Page 435 and 436:
Page 437 and 438:
Page 439 and 440:
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
Page 451 and 452:
Page 453 and 454:
Page 455 and 456:
Page 457 and 458:
Page 459 and 460:
Page 461 and 462:
Page 463 and 464:
Page 465 and 466:
Page 467 and 468:
Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
Page 473:
show all

Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?