Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Maude (1937) reported no mosquitos on Orona (Hull). Bryan (1939) reported that on wooded islands, such as Orona (Hull), there were large moths, butterflies, grasshoppers, crickets, and dragonflies. Bryan (1941 and 1942) reported 50 different species of insects on Orona (Hull). However, insect life was less abundant than on wetter Manra (Sydney). Linnavuori (1956) reported the presence of the Cicadellidae, Nesophrosyne argentatus, from Abariringa (Canton), Orona (Hull), and Manra (Sydney). Usinger and Herring (1957) reported that the marine water striders were the only insect toinhabit the open ocean. In examining a new species of marine water striders, Hermatobates sp. from Coconut Island, Oahu, they noted that specimens from this obscure genus had also been collected on Orona (Hull). Amerson (1968) lists the bird hosts for the tick, Ornithoros capensis and the O. capensis group in Orona (Hull) (see Table III-3.11 above). Maa (1968) reported the Hippoboscidae (Diptera), Olfersia aenescens, from Orona (Hull) collected from Anous stolidus. Maa (1968) reported the Hippoboscidae (Diptera), Olfersia pusilla, O. aenescens, and O. spinifera from Abariringa (Canton), Birnie, McKean, Orona (Hull), and Rawaki (Phoenix). Garnett (1983) noted that there were 16 species of insects on Orona (Hull). These included the following: 1) Phisis sp. 2) Blattella germanica 3) Lobopterella dimidiatipes 4) Ectopsocus spilotus 5) Orosius argentatus 6) Hernatobates hawaiiensis 7) Harmonia arcuata 8) Trogoderma anthrenoides No mosquitos were found on Orona (PIKS Project Manager 2002). 9) Utethesia pulchelloides 10) Heliothis sp. (prob. armigera) 11) Chrysosoma complicatum 12) Hecamede persinilis 13) Lamprolonchaea metatarsata 14) Milichiella lactipennis 15) Olfersia aenescens 16) Ornithoica pusilla Pierce et al (2006) reported on the occurance of ants on Abariringa (Kanton), Birnie, Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (see Table III-3.12 above). None of these species were considered invasive. RAWAKI (PHOENIX) Lister (1891) reported that the lagoon on Rawaki (Phoenix) was swarming with mosquito larvae. Maude (1937) reported no mosquitos on Rawaki (Phoenix). 54
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Bryan (1941 and 1942) reported that insects were abundant, but of few species. These included flies, moths, leafhoppers, green bugs and spiders. Kohls (1966) described a new species of tick, Ixodes amersoni n. sp, from a fairy tern, Gygis alba, at Rawaki (Phoenix) in 1965 (see also Amerson 1968). Additional tick specimens were collected from white terns on Rawaki (Phoenix) in 1966 (Amerson 1968). Amerson (1968) lists the bird hosts for the tick, Ornithoros capensis and the O. capensis group in Rawaki (Phoenix) (see Table III-3.11 above). Maa (1968) reported the Hippoboscidae (Diptera), Olfersia aenescens, from Rawaki (Phoenix) collected from the following birds: Puffinus nativitatis, Pterodroma alba, Phaeton rubricauda, and Anous stolidus. Maa (1968) reported the Hippoboscidae (Diptera), Olfersia spinifera, from Rawaki (Phoenix) collected from Fregata minor. Maa (1968) reported the Hippoboscidae (Diptera), Olfersia pusilla, O. aenescens, and O. spinifera from Abariringa (Canton), Birnie, McKean, Orona (Hull), and Rawaki (Phoenix). Garnett (1983) reported several insects on Rawaki (Phoenix): 1) Nephrosyne argentatus 2) Halipeuris bulweri 3) Halipeuris heraldicus 4) Halipeuris mirabilis 5) Halipeuris spadix 6) Trabeculus hexakon 7) Naubates harrisoni 8) Saemundsonia albemarlensis 9) Saemundsonia sydneri 10) Saemundsonia sp. 11) Colpocephalum angulaticeps 12) Frogatiella aurifasciata 13) Iectinopygus gracilornis 14) Iectinopygus sp. 15) Quadraceps birostris 16) Quadraceps separatus 17) Quadraceps sp. 18) Actornithophilus incisus 19) Austromenopon atrofulvum 20) Austromenopon sp. 21) Protorhinus phoenix 22) Olfersia spinifera 23) Olfersia aenescens Pierce et al (2006) reported on the occurance of ants on Abariringa (Kanton), Birnie, Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (see Table III-3.12 above). None of these species were considered invasive. D. OTHER INVERTEBRATES Anderson (2002) noted that no pre-historic faunal extinctions have been recorded yet for the Phoenix Islands. ABARIRINGA (CANTON, KANTON) Hermit crabs were found on Abariringa (Canton) (Bryan 1934, 1941, and 1942; Donaggho 1953). Ellis (1937) noted that occasionally thousands would congregate into a few square yards. 55
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The Phoenix Islands Protected Area
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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