Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN
Chapter III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources
Draft 1 March 2007
Maude (1937) reported no mosquitos on Orona (Hull).
Bryan (1939) reported that on wooded islands, such as Orona (Hull), there were large moths,
butterflies, grasshoppers, crickets, and dragonflies. Bryan (1941 and 1942) reported 50
different species of insects on Orona (Hull). However, insect life was less abundant than on
wetter Manra (Sydney).
Linnavuori (1956) reported the presence of the Cicadellidae, Nesophrosyne argentatus, from
Abariringa (Canton), Orona (Hull), and Manra (Sydney).
Usinger and Herring (1957) reported that the marine water striders were the only insect
toinhabit the open ocean. In examining a new species of marine water striders, Hermatobates
sp. from Coconut Island, Oahu, they noted that specimens from this obscure genus had also
been collected on Orona (Hull).
Amerson (1968) lists the bird hosts for the tick, Ornithoros capensis and the O. capensis
group in Orona (Hull) (see Table III-3.11 above).
Maa (1968) reported the Hippoboscidae (Diptera), Olfersia aenescens, from Orona (Hull)
collected from Anous stolidus.
Maa (1968) reported the Hippoboscidae (Diptera), Olfersia pusilla, O. aenescens, and O.
spinifera from Abariringa (Canton), Birnie, McKean, Orona (Hull), and Rawaki (Phoenix).
Garnett (1983) noted that there were 16 species of insects on Orona (Hull). These included
the following:
1) Phisis sp.
2) Blattella germanica
3) Lobopterella dimidiatipes
4) Ectopsocus spilotus
5) Orosius argentatus
6) Hernatobates hawaiiensis
7) Harmonia arcuata
8) Trogoderma anthrenoides
No mosquitos were found on Orona (PIKS Project Manager 2002).
9) Utethesia pulchelloides
10) Heliothis sp. (prob. armigera)
11) Chrysosoma complicatum
12) Hecamede persinilis
13) Lamprolonchaea metatarsata
14) Milichiella lactipennis
15) Olfersia aenescens
16) Ornithoica pusilla
Pierce et al (2006) reported on the occurance of ants on Abariringa (Kanton), Birnie,
Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (see Table III-3.12 above). None of
these species were considered invasive.
RAWAKI (PHOENIX)
Lister (1891) reported that the lagoon on Rawaki (Phoenix) was swarming with mosquito
larvae.
Maude (1937) reported no mosquitos on Rawaki (Phoenix).
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