Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Abbott (1966) reported that Enderbury was home to at least 30 species of insects. However, no list of species was provided. Amerson (1968) reported that the tick, Ixodes amersoni, was known from Rawaki (Phoenix) and Enderbury Islands. I. amersoni had been found on a red-footed booby, Sula sula on Enderbury in 1966. Amerson (1968) lists the bird hosts for the tick, Ornithoros capensis and the O. capensis group in Enderbury (see Table III-3.11 above). Garnett (1983) listed the following species of insects on Enderbury: 1) Pycnoscelus surinamensis 2) Symploca capitata 3) Periplaneta americana 4) Lepolepis sp. 5) Aphis gossypii 6) Orosius argentatus 7) Nephrosyne argentatus 8) Reduviolus capsiformis 9) Saemundsonnia hexagona 10) Saemundsonia albemarlensis 11) Eidmaniella albescens 12) Iectinopygus gracilornis 13) Quadracepts birostris 14) Actornithophilus piceus 15) Araecerus fasciculatus 16) Harmonia acuta 17) Rhyncogonus fosbergi 18) Dermestes ater 19) Dermestes cadaverinus 20) Protorhinus phoenix 21) Cosmopterigidae sp. 22) Heliothis sp. (prob. armigeri) 23) Spodoptera sp (prob. exempta) 24) Olethreutidae sp 25) Pterophoridae sp. 26) Pyralidae sp. 27) Amydria sp. 28) Phaenica sericata Pierce et al (2006) reported on the occurance of ants on Abariringa (Kanton), Birnie, Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (see Table III-3.12 above). None of these species were considered invasive. MANRA (SYDNEY) Arundel (1885) noted that there were originally no mosquitoes on Manra (Sydney). However, after a visit from a vessel from Tahiti, mosquitoes (see also Bryan 1941 and 1942; in 1884 according to Garnett 1983) and hornets were observed. Maude (1937) reported no mosquitos on Manra (Sydney). Bryan (1939) reported that on wooded islands, such as Manra (Sydney), there were large moths, butterflies, grasshoppers, crickets, and dragonflies. There are several species of insects on Manra (Sydney) (Hydrographic Office 1940). But there were no mosquitos. Bryan (1941 and 1942) reported blue and white butterfly, several kinds of moths, dragonflies, ants, flies, leafhoppers, bugs, beetles, wasps, and spiders (see also Garnett 1983). Linnavuori (1956) reported the presence of the Cicadellidae, Nesophrosyne argentatus, from Abariringa (Canton), Orona (Hull), and Manra (Sydney). 52
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Amerson (1968) lists the bird hosts for the tick, Ornithoros capensis and the O. capensis group in Manra (Sydney) (see Table III-3.11 above). MCKEAN Maude (1937) reported no mosquitos on McKean. Some species of insects were noted for McKean (Hydrographic Office 1940), but none were identified. Flies and mosquitoes were absent. Small insects were common (Bryan 1941 and 1942). Amerson (1968) lists the bird hosts for the tick, Ornithoros capensis and the O. capensis group in McKean (see Table III-3.11 above). Maa (1968) reported the Hippoboscidae (Diptera), Olfersia spinifera, from McKean collected from Fregata minor. Maa (1968) reported the Hippoboscidae (Diptera), Olfersia pusilla, O. aenescens, and O. spinifera from Abariringa (Canton), Birnie, McKean, Orona (Hull), and Rawaki (Phoenix). Garnett (1983) reported at least 15 species of insects on McKean, however, these have yet to be identified. Garnett (1983) noted the two species of Diptera on McKean included Olfersia spinifera, and Ornithoica pusilla. Pierce et al (2006) reported that there were Asian rats on McKean. An external parasitic tick was found on a juvenile Asian rat. Pierce et al (2006) reported on the occurance of ants on Abariringa (Kanton), Birnie, Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (see Table III-3.12 above). None of these species were considered invasive. NIKUMARORO (GARDNER) Maude (1937) reported no mosquitos on Nikumaroro (Gardner). Bryan (1939) reported that on wooded islands, such as Nikumaroro (Gardner), there were large moths, butterflies, grasshoppers, crickets, and dragonflies. Gilbert Islands (1978) reported that there were no mosquitoes on Nikumaroro. However, flies concentrated at the expedition camp site. Pierce et al (2006) reported on the occurance of ants on Abariringa (Kanton), Birnie, Enderbury, McKean, Nikumaroro, Orona, and Rawaki (see Table III-3.12 above). None of these species were considered invasive. ORONA (HULL) 53
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The Phoenix Islands Protected Area
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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