Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 Murphy et al (1954) reported that Loumala (1951) recorded an additional 40 species of plants on Abariringa (Canton). Most were introduced, and many no longer occurred. According to Murphy et al (1954), the most conspicuous native plant species included: 1) Cordia subcordata,, 2) Messerschmidea argentea, 3) Scaevola frutescens, 4) Sida fallax, 5) Sesuvium portulacastrum, 6) Boerhaavia diffusa, 7) Triumfetta procumbens, 8) Portulaca lutea, and 9) Lepturus repens Pan American World Airways (1954) reported that the few coconut trees visible on Abariringa (Canton) were recent plantings, not the coconut trees planted in 1915 by Captain Allen and the Samoan Shipping & Trading Co. Johnson (1954) reported a dozen coconut palms on Abariringa (Canton). The original palms planted by Captain Allen and his sons (no date specified) all died out. Hatheway (1955) estimated plant community areas on Abariringa (Canton). Percent coverage is presented in Table III-3.6 below. Hatheway (1955) provided descriptions of each plant community listed in Table III-3.6 below. Table III-3.6. Plant communities on Abariringa (Canton) (source: Hatheway 1955) A serious enemy of Cordia was the caterpillar of the moth Achaea janata which defoliated two entire groves of Cordia (Hatheway 1955). Hatheway (1955) reported that most native forest and scrub was dying or dead. Hatheway (1955) speculated that this might be related the enormous numbers of birds that nest on native forests. Anon. (1955) reported that Otto Degener and Edwin Gillaspy were tasked with introducing a variety of plants to Abariringa (Canton) by the American Civil Aeronautics Administration. The justification for these plant introductions was to hold the shifting sand to minimize sand erosion, encourage afforestation, and reduce the almost unendurable glare. Success of the plant introductions would be dependent on the swarms of hermit crabs. 22
PHOENIX ISLANDS PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN <strong>Chapter</strong> III. Background, 3. Terrestrial Resources Draft 1 March 2007 The reason for introducing plants to cover the bear soil on Abariringa (Canton) were two fold (Degener and Gillaspy 1955). First vegetative cover would stablize the soil and keep it from blowing away and damaging equipment. The second reason is to minimize health risks of dust and glare off the sand to people stationed there. Degener and Gillapsy (1955) provide a detailed discussion about plant species and plant communities on Abariringa (Canton). Species of plants noted and discussed were as follows: 1) Pandanus tectorius 36) Chamaesyce hypericifolia 2) Cenchrus echinatus 37) Chamaesyce prostrate 3) Chloris inflata 38) Chamaesyce hirta 4) Cynodon dactylon 39) Phyllanthus niruri 5) Digitaria pacifica 40) Poinsettia cyathophora 6) Digitaria timorensis 41) Triumfetta procumbens 7) Eleusine indica 42) Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 8) Eragrostis amabilis 43) Hibiscus tiliaceum 9) Eragrostis whitneyi 44) Pariti tiliaceum 10) Eragrostis pectinacea 45) Sida carpinifolia 11) Lepturus pilgerianus 46) Sida fallax 12) Lepturus repens 47) Thespesia populnea 13) Panicum miliaceum 48) Calophyllum inophyllum 14) Setaria verticillata 49) Tamarix aphylla 15) Cyperus rotundus 50) Passifloa foetida 16) Fimbristylis diphylla 51) Carica papaya 17) Fimbristylis pycnocephala 52) Terminalia samoensis 18) Cocos nucifera 53) Terminalia catappa 19) Anthurium sp. 54) Polyscias guilfoylei 20) Philodendron sp. 55) Plumeria rubra 21) Crinum asiaticum 56) Ochrosia sp. 22) Musa nana 57) Calotropis gigantea 23) Casuarina equisetifolia 58) Calonyction sp. 24) Casuarina glauca 59) Ipomoea pes-caprae 25) Coccoloba uvifera 60) Cordia sebestena 26) Amarantus dubius 61) Cordia subcordata 27) Boerhavia tetrandra 62) Messerschmidia argentea 28) Sesuvium portulacastrum var. 63) Lycopersicum esculentum griseum 64) Nicotiana glauca 29) Portulaca cleracea 65) Physalis angulata 30) Portulaca lutea 66) Morinda citrifolia 31) Cassytha filiformis 67) Cucumis melo 32) Leucaena glauca 68) Scaevola frutescens 33) Tribulus cistoides 69) Pluchea indica 34) Suriana maritima 70) Emilia sonchifolia 35) Acalypha wilkesiana Degener and Gillaspy (1955) also provided a list of over 125 plant species that had been introduced to Abariringa (Canton) in 1950. Degener and Gillaspy (1955) also reported on aquatic plants from Abariringa (Canton). The blue-green algae species included: Microcoleus paludosus, Porphyrosiphon sp., and 23
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Chapter I Intro & Objectives - SPREP

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