Download - University of Hawaii at Manoa Botany Department

International Association of Vegetation Science
47th Annual Symposium in Hawai`i
Post-Conference Field Trip Guide
Prepared by
Dieter Mueller-Dombois & Kim Bridges
University of Hawai`i at Manoa
Honolulu, HI 96822
July 2004

Mauna Kea Vegetation Profi le (East Slope, Summit to above Hilo)

Haleakala Vegetation Profi le (North-East Slope)

Metrosideros stand structure models
(mature stand)
(after canopy dieback)

Extreme Rainfall Months at Hilo Airport

Maui, July 24-26, 2004
Saturday, July 24 West Maui Trip (during afternoon)
• The Post-Conference Group (34 according to the latest count) leaves Kailua-Kona Airport at 12:22 PM
with HA 177.
• Arrival in Kahului, Maui at 12:51 PM. Airport pick-up by bus from Akaina Tours [(808) 879-2828]. It
also carries the entire luggage. Transfer to coach with the entire luggage after arrival, I estimate will
take 40-50 minutes.
• Next we drive from the Airport to West Maui through Wailuku to `Iao Valley State Park and Kapaniwai
Heritage Garden. We may spend there 1 to 2 hours, and then drive back to Kahului to get to the Maui
Seaside Hotel [(808) 877-3311] after check-in time and spend the rest of the day and the night there.
Sunday, July 25 East Maui Upland Tour, Haleakalā Mountain
• 7:30 AM depart from Seaside Hotel. Drive to Makawao-Pukalani and drop off signed Permits for all
participants at Nature Conservancy Offi ce. (Since this is a Sunday, all the permitting procedure has to
be done before. DMD will clarify this with Patti Welton or Lloyd Loope). From Pukalani we drive up
on Haleakalā Highway to Hosmer Grove.
• 9:30 AM hike from Hosmer Grove via conifer plantation area to Waikamoi Nature Reserve and down
Fish and Wildlife Transect 3. Upper montane native Acacia koa – Metrosideros – Dryopteris cloud
forest. Described in “Vegetation of the Wet Windward Slope of Haleakalā” in Pac. Sci. 46: 207 as Unit
B3: Metrosideros-Sadleria ecotone community between 1750-1950 m. See also Figure 3: 203, upper
montane zone.
• 1:30 PM Lunch from pack lunch (kept in bus) at Hosmer Grove.
• 2:30 PM Stop at Park Headquarters (2135 m). [Fee waver]
• 3:00 PM Stop at Halemau`u Trail at 8000 feet elevation (2440 m). Walk along trail for about 100 m
to a Sandalwood bush (Santalum haleakalae). This is Unit C1: Subalpine scrub community Dubautia
– Sophora in Pac. Sci. 46: 202-207, from 2000-2700 m elevation (9000 feet).
• 4:00 PM Stop at Red Hill, Summit of Haleakalā, 3057 m (10,023 feet). Alpine stone desert.
• 4:30 PM Stop at Silversword enclosure, near Kalahaku Overlook 2825 m (9,324 feet). Here, we make
a short trail hike along contour into tropical upper subalpine scrub with scattered native bunchgrass,
Deschampsia nubigena, Dubautia menziesii shrubs, and silversword individuals (Argyroziphium
sandwicensis spp. macrocephalum) in various life stages.
• 5:30 PM Return to Maui Seaside Hotel in Kahului for second overnight stay.
Monday, July 26 East Maui Lowland Rainforest and Historic Dieback Area
• 7:30 AM Start from Maui Seaside Hotel after check-out and luggage is stored on coach. Lunch
packages should be handed out to each participant to carry in pack sack. Drive to Pa`ia EMI Offi ce to
get key and collect permits. Name list must be at EMI Offi ce one week before.
• 8:15 AM Continue on Hana Highway via Kailua to Papa`a`ea Reservoir and gate to Spreckle’s Trail (a
Jeep Road).
• 9:00 AM Enter through gate on foot with EMI key and walk up 3 km on Spreckle’s Trail past Reservoirs
to base of Eucalyptus robusta forest (planted in early 1930s). From base of eucalypt forest hike
along blue fl agged trail, 1 km up gentle slope through sections of Melaleuca forest to edge of historic
Metrosideros dieback area.
• 12:00 Lunch at forest edge (dieback boundary). See “Vegetation of Wet Windward Slope” Pac. Sci.
46: 203-204 Unit A1 Metrosideros-Sphenomeris (Odontosoria) dieback area with stunted Metrosideros
scrub islands and old big-diameter broken-down tree skeletons. Note Melaleuca invasion. See also

story on “Maui forest trouble” by Alan Holt on www.botany.hawaii.edu/pabitra.
• 1:00 PM Hike back to parked coach.
• 3:00 PM Back in coach, and off to Kahului Airport for late afternoon fl ight to Lihue, Kaua`i (4:00 PM at
Airport).
• Departure from Maui at 5:32 PM on HA 549V. Arrives HNL 6:06 PM, continues to Kaua`i at 6:45 PM.
Arrival on Kaua`i at 7:22 PM. Received there at Lihue Airport by Kaua`i Island Tours.
Plant Species on the Windward Transect of Haleakalā, Maui
Acacia koa (Fabaceae), end.
Adenophorus tripinnatifi dus (Grammitidaceae), end., slender creeping rhizomes P: 37
Adenophorus montanus, end. renamed A. tamariscinus var. montanus, thick rhizomes P: 37
Adenophorus pinnatifi dus, end. common, frond tapering at both ends, P: 40
Adenophorus hymenophylloides, end. hanging fronds, palai huna (hidden fern) P: 37
Adenophorus tamariscinus, end. epiphyte, thick rhizome, fronds can be bottle brush form P: 37
Ageratina adenophora, nat. (Asteraceae), Maui pāmakani W: 254
Agrostis sandwicensis, end. (Poaceae) W: 1492
Alyxia oliviformis, end. (Apocynaceae), maile W: 214
Andropogon virginicus, nat. (Poaceae), broomsedge, fi rst coll. 1924 W: 1497
Anthoxanthum odoratum, nat. (Poaceae), sweet vernal grass, fi rst coll. 1907 W: 1498
Antidesma platyphyllum, end. (Euphorbiaceae), hame, W: 600
Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. macrocephalum, end. (Asteraceae) ahinahina W: 261
Asplenium trichomanes, ind. (Aspleniaceae), `oāli`i, small, caespitose, narr. fronds, P: 61
Asplenium lobulatum, ind. pi`ipi`i lau manamana, dissected lvs, one pinnate P: 64
Asplenium acuminatum, end. lola, bi-pinnate, P: 56
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, ind. `iwa`iwa, P: 59
Asplenium normale, ind. blades 1-pinnate, narrow linear-lanceolate, proliferation at frond tops, P: 61, 70
Asplenium polyodon, ind. pūnana manu (bird nest) P: 72
Asplenium fragile, end. renamed A. peruvianum var. insulare P: 75
Astelia menziesiana end. (Liliaceae), kaluaha, W: 1460
Athyrium microphyllum, end. (Athyriaceae), ākōlea, P: 77
Athyrium sandwichianum, end. renamed Diplazium sandwichianum (Athyriaceae), hā`i` o, pohole (on Maui),
P: 124
Broussaisia arguta, end. (Hydrangeaceae) kanawao, pu`ahanui W: 794
Carex alligata, end. (Cyperaceae) W: 1388
Carex wahuensis, end. W: 1392
Centella asiatica, nat. (Apiaceae), pohakula W: 201
Cerastium fontanum ssp.triviale, nat. (Caryophyllaceae), mouse ear chickweed, W: 504
Cheirodendrum trigynum end. (Araliaceae), `ōlapa W: 227
Cibotium glaucum, end. (Dicksoniaceae) hāpu`u pulu P: 85
Clermontia kakeana end. (Campunalaceae) W: 429
Clermontia arborescens ssp. waihiae end. `ōhā wainui, W: 426
Clermontia grandifl ora ssp. grandifl ora end. W: 429, long fl ower stalks
Clidemia hirta nat. (Melastomataceae), Koster’s curse W: 906
Commelina diffusa nat. (Commelinaceae), honohono W: 1378
Coniogramme pilosa end. (Ptreridaceae), lo`ulu, P: 99, base pinnae forked

Conyza bonariensis nat. (Asteraceae), lani wela, hairy horseweed, W: 285
Coprosma ernodeoides end. (Rubiaceae), kūkaenēnē W: 1125
Coprosma montana end. dioecious W: 1128
Coprosma pubens end. W: 1129, hairs in line
Coprosma ochracea end. W: 1127
Ctenitis rubiginosa end. (Dryopteridaceae) renamed: Nothoperanema rubiginosa, stems very hairy P: 194
Ctenitis latifrons end. ākolea, P: 101
Cuphea arthagenensis nat. (Lythraceae), tarweed, W: 867
Cyanea aculeatifl ora end. (Campanulaceae), W: 438, lg. lvs. serrate
Cyanea kunthiana end. W: 450, lg. lvd, entire
Cyperus halpan nat. (Cyperaceae) W: 1397
Cyrtandra hashimotoi end. (Gesneriaceae) W: 757, hairy lvs. & calyx
Cyrtandra platyphylla end. `ilinia, W: 772, the common broad, wd,. serrate form
Dactylis glomerata nat. (Poaceae), cocks foot W: 1521
Deschampsia nubigena end. (Poaceae) W: 1524
Dicranopteris linearis ind. (Gleicheniaceae) uluhe P: 115
Digitaria sp. nat. (Poaceae) crabgrass W: 1529
Diplopterygium pinnatum ind. (Gleicheniaceae) (formerly Hicriopteris, uluhe lau nui P: 127
Dodonaea viscosa ind. (Sapindaceae), `a`ali`i W: 1227
Dryopteris glabra var. nuda (Dryopteridaceae) kīlau, P: 140, 145
Dryopteris tetrapinnata, 4-pinnate, restricted to E. Maui’s rainforest, very large (up to 3 m long) scaly fronds,
P: 149
Dryopteris acutidens, renamed D. unidentata var. palcana P: 149
Dryopteris fusco-atra P: 152, 1i1i, reddish brown, close to D. wallichiana but blade more chartaceous
Dryopteris hawaiiensis P: 146 & plate: 143, hairy frond
Dryopteris unidentata `akole, P: 148, has two varieties: paleasea & unidentata
Dryopteris subbipinnata P: 147, fronds up to 2 m on erect rhizomes, usually associated with D. wallichana
Dryopteris wallichiana ind. P: 152, `i`o nui, laukahi, opposite pinnae, denser than D. fusco-atra
Dryopteris glabra P: 143, less hairy frond but often confused with D. hawaiiensis
Dubautia menziesii (Asteraceae), W: 300, hispid, revolute
Elaphoglossum hirtum ind. (Elaphoglossaceae), renamed E. paleaecum, P: 158, 159, rough surface
Elaphoglossum pelludicum, `ēkaha `ula hoe a Maui, P: 159
Elaphoglossum alatum, hoe a Maui (Maui’s paddle), P: 155, `ēkaha, glabrous
Elaphoglossum crassifolium, `ēkaha or hoe a Maui, P: 156-157
Elaphoglossum wawrae, laukahi, `ēkaha, P: 160, Plate 159, v. dimorphic, sterile vs. fertile
Epilobium billardierianum spp. cinereum nat. (Onagraceae) willoq herb W: 995, lvs. bluish green
Erechtites valerianifolia nat. (Asteraceae) fi reweed W: 314
Fragaria chiloensis spp. sandwicensis ind. (Rosaceae) `ōhelo papa, lower surface densely silky W: 1103
Freycinetia arborea ind. (Pandanaceae) `ie, `ie`ie W: 1428
Gahnia gahniiformis ind. (Cyperaceae) W: 1409
Geranium cuneatum spp. tridens (Geraniaceae) hina hina end. W: 731
Grammitis hookeri nat. (Grammitidaceae) māku`e lau li`i (small lvd. māku`e), P: 165
Grammitis tenella kolokolo, P: 164
Hedyotis hillebrandii end. (Rubiaceae) manono, W: 1143, fl owers & fruits below term. lvs. on branches
Hedyotis terminalis manono, fruits terminal (formerly Gouldia) W: 1154
Holcus lanatus nat. (Poaceae), common velvet grass, fi rst coll. 1909 W: 1551

Huperzia phyllantha ind. (Lycopodiaceae), wāwae `iole (rat’s foot), P: 255
Huperzia serrata ind. (lvs. serrate) P: 264
Hypochoeris radivata nat. (Asteraceae), hairy cat’s ear, fi rst coll. on Maui 1909 W: 327
Ilex anomala ind. (Aquifolaceae) kawa`a, `aiea W: 222
Juncus planifolius nat. (Juncaceae), bog rush, W: 1448
Juncus effuses nat. Japanese mat rush W: 1453
Korthalsella complanata ind. (Viscaceae) hulumoa W: 1338
Kyllinga brevifolia nat. (Cyperaceae) kili `o`opu, W: 1412
Labordia hedyosmifolia end. (Loganiaceae), tubular fl ower, W: 851, opp. broad-elliptic lvs.
Labordia hirtella end. W: 851, winged stems, large ornate lvs.
Labordia venosa end. W: 862, close to L. hedyosmifolia, pubescent lower leaf veins
Lapsana communis nat. (Asteraceae), nipplewort, annual with milky sap, W: 328
Liparis hawaiiensis end. (Orchidaceae) `awapuhiakaualoa W: 1470
Ludwigia octovalvis nat. (Onagraceae), kāmole, primrose willow, W: 999
Luzula hawaiiensis end. (Juncacae), wood rush, blade hairy, W: 1456
Lycopodium venustulum ind. (Lycopodiaceae), P: 269
Lycopodium cernuum nat. renamed Lycopodiella cernua, wāwae `iole (rat’s foot), P: 269
Lythrum maritimum ind. (Lythraceae), pū kāmole, petals purple, W: 867
Machaerina mariscoides spp. meyenii ind. (Cyperaceae) 1ahiniu, `uki, W: 1412
Machaerina angustifolia ind. `uki, W: 1412
Marattia douglasii end. (Marratiaceae) kapua `ilio (horses foot), P: 178
Mecodium recurvum end. (Hymenophyllaceae), the larger of the two common, fi lmy ferns `ōhi`a ku, P: 182
hemlocktips
Melaleuca quinquenervia nat. (Myrtaceae), paper bark tree from Florida seed 1920, W: 964
Metrosideros polymorpha v. incana end. (Myrtaceae), low to middle elevations, W: 569
Metrosideros polymorpha v. polymorpha middle to higher elevations
Metrosideros polymorpha v. glaberrima middle to higher elevations
Myrsine sandwicensis end. (Myrsinaceae) kōlea lau li`I (small lvd.), W: 945
Myrsine lessertiana kōlea lau nui (large lvd.), W: 939
Nephrolepis cordifolia ind. (Nephrolepidaceae) P: 189, subterraneous tubers, narrow linear blades
Nephrolepis multifl ora nat. fronds wider near top of fronds, P: 191
Nertera granadensis ind. (Rubiaceae) mākole, W: 1159
Odontosoria chinensis ind. (Lindsaeaceae) renamed Sphenomeris chinensis, pala`ā P: 245
Ophioglossum pendulum ind. (Ophioglossaceae) renamed Ophioderma pendulum, moa, adder’s tongue, P: 197
Oreobolus furcatus end. (Cyperaceae) W: 1422
Paspalum scrobiculatum nat. (Poaceae) mau`u laiki, rice grass, W: 1576
Paspalum conjugatum nat. mau`u, Hilo grass, W: 1575
Paspalum urvillei nat. Vasey grass, sheaths coarsely hirsute, W: 1577
Pelea haleakalae end. (Rutaceae) renamed Melicope W: 1189, Pate 171: 1187, revolute
Pelea orbicularis end. renamed Melicope orbicularis W: 1197, new growth: yellowish brown tomentose
Pelea clusiifolia end. renamed Melicope clusiifolia W: 1187, v. close to M. haleakalae
Pellaea ternifolia ind. (Pteridaceae), P: 201

Peperomia obovatilimba end. (Piperaceae) W: 1034, Plate 148: 1033, stems hirsute
Peperomia membranacea end. W: 1032
Peperomia cookiana end. W: 1022
Peperomia macraena end. W: 1031
Peperomia hirtipetiola end. W: 1026, lvs. hirsute
Peperomia expallescens end. W: 1025, close to P. eekana
Peperomia eekana end. W: 1024, Plate 145: 1023, v. small sessile lvs.
Perrottetia sandwicensis end. (Celastraceae), olomea, W: 531, Plate 68: 532
Phymatosorus scolopendria nat. (Polypodiaceae), renamed Phymatosorus grossus, laua`e (formerly
Microsorum scolopendria), P: 205
Pittosporum glabrum end. (Pittosporaceae) hō`awa W: 1040, lvs. oborate, revolute
Pittosporum confertifl orum end. hō`awa, W: 1040, lvs. oborate, revolute
Plantago lanceolata nat. (Plantaginaceae) narrow-leaved plantain, W: 1051
Pleopeltis thunbergiana ind. (Polypodiaceae) renamed Lepisorus thunbergianus, pākahakaha P: 171
Polypodium pellucidum end. (Polypodiaceae) `ae, `ae lau nui (large leaved `ae), P: 215
Polystichum bonseyi end. (Dryopteridaceae) blades not tapering at base, P: 218
Pritchardia arecina end. (Arecaceae) loulu palm, W: 1365
Prunella vulgaris nat. (Lamiaceae) self heal, heal all, W: 828
Psidium cattleianum nat. (Myrtaceae) waiawī, strawberry guava W: 971
Psidium guajava nat. kuawa, common guava, W: 972
Psilotum nudum ind. (Psolotaceae) moa, P: 273, upright whisk fern
Psilotum complanatum ind. moa, fl at-stemmed, whisk fern W: 272
Psychotria hawaiiensis end. (Rubiaceae) kōpiko `ula, W: 1165
Psychotria mariniana W: 1167
Pteridium aquilinum v. decomposium ind. (Pteridaceae) kīlau, P: 224, bracken fern
Pteris cretica ind. Cretan braken P: 225, 226
Pteris excelsa `iwa, waimakanui, P: 227, 228
Rubus macraei end. (Rosaceae) `ākala, W: 1109, closely related to R. hawaiiensis, Plate: 1108
Rubus rosifolius nat. `ākala, thimbleberry, W: 1110
Rubus argutus nat. `ohelo `ele`ele, prickly, Florida blackberry, W: 1107
Rubus hawaiiensis end. `ākala, W: 1109, Plate 160: 1108
Rumex acetosella nat. (Polygonaceae) sheep sorrel, W: 1066
Sacciolepis indica nat. (Poaceae) Glenwood grass, W: 1589
Sadleria cyatheoides end. (Blechnaceae) `ama`u, P: 232
Sadleria squarrosa `apu`u, P: 234
Sadleria pallida `ama`u, P: 233
Santalum haleakalae end. W: 1222
Scaevola chamissoniana end. (Goodeniaceae) naupaka kuahiwi, W: 783
Setaria gracilis nat. (Poaceae) mau`u kaleponi, perennial foxtail, W: 1592
Setaria palmifolia nat. palm grass, fi rst coll. 1903, from trop. Asia, W: 1593
Silene struthioloides end. (Caryophyllaceae), plants glabrous, erect, lvs. rigid, W: 521, 525
Smilax melastomifolia end. (Smilacaceae) hoi kuahiwi, W: 1610
Sophoroa chrysophylla end. (Fabaceae) māmane, W: 706
Sphaerocionium lanceolatum end. (Hymenophyllaceae) palai hinahina (gray fern), P: 242
Sphaerocionium obtusum end. palai lau li`ii (small lvd. palai), P: 242, dendroid, densely
Stenogyne rotundifolia end. (Lamiaceae) pua `aīnaka, W: 841, corolla pale pink or cream
Stenogyne kamehamehae end. W: 838, Plate 116: 836, long tubular corolla, cream pink or red
Styphelia tameiameiae ind. (Epacridaceae) pūkiawe, W: 590
Syzygium sandwicensis end. (Myrtaceae) `ōhi`a ha, W: 976

Tetramolopium humile ssp. haleakalae end. (Asteraceae), W: 365
Tetraplasandra oahuensis end. (Araliaceae) `ohe mauka, W: 235
Thelypteris sandwicensis end. (Thelypteridaceae), renamed Dryopteris sandwicensis P: 147
Tibouchina herbcea nat. (Melastomataceae) W: 915, Plate 128
Trifolium repens nat. (Fabaceae) white clover, fi rst col. 1909
Trisetum glomeratum end. (Poaceae) pili uka, mountain pili, W: 1602
Uncinia uncinata ind. (Cyperaceae) W: 1436, Plate 212: 1433
Vaccinium calycinum end. (Ericaceae) `ōhelo kau lā`au, W: 593
Vaccinium dentatum `ōhelo, serrate, Plate 79, W: 594
Vaccinium reticulatum `ōhelo W: 593
Vandenboschia cyrtotheca end. (Hymenophyllaceae) long stipes, P: 251
Wikstroemia monticola end. (Thymelaeaceae) small tree, up to 3 m, often assoc. with Lantana, W: 1286
Xiphopteris saffordii end. (Grammitidaceae) kihe renamed Lellingeria saffordii, P: 170, crenated blades with
sori crowded
Symbols with numbers refer to pagination in:
P = Palmer, Daniel D. 2003. Hawaii’s Ferns and Fern Allies. UH Press, Honolulu.
W = Wagner, W. L., D. R. Herbst, and S. H. Sohmer. 1999. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai`i. UH
and Bishop Museum Press.

Monday, July 26
Kaua`i, July 26 to 28, 2004
• Arrive on Kaua`i, Lihue Airport with late afternoon fl ight from Maui (5:32 )PM via Honolulu. Arrive on
Kaua`i at 7:22 PM.
• Group will be met at Lihue Airport by a large coach from Kaua`i Island Tours [(808) 245-4777], and
then proceed with entire luggage to Kauai Coconut Beach Resort [(808) 822-3455 ] in Kapa`a.
Tuesday, July 27 Kaua`i Upland Trip
• 7:30 AM Start with lunches and water in each participant’s back pack via Lihue, Kalaheo, Waimea, and
drive up Waimea Canyon Road. Kaua`i Island Tours comes with three 15-seater vans with drivers = 42
open seats.
• 9:00 AM Stop at Waimea Canyon Lookout for half an hour.
• 9:30 AM Proceed to Kalalau Lookout (if possible with permission we may drive on paved road to Pu`u o
Kila Lookout, 1.6 km further).
• 10:00 AM Start hiking along Pihea Trail, which goes through low-stature rain forest at 1200 m elevation.
After 2.3 km on red clay pathway, the trail continues on a boardwalk, from near Pihea Peak (4284 ft =
1307 m) to Alaka`i Swamp Trail Junction, another 2.3 km walk. Here, at the open clay bog known as
“lehua maka noi”, we will sit down for lunch, about 12:30 PM.
• 1:00 PM Return along same track to parked coach. This should get us there by about 3:30 PM.
• 3:45-4:30 PM Stop at Koke`e Park Headquarters and Lodge.
• 4:30 PM Proceed down past Waimea Canyon Lookout to a fi nal stop at the unique Wilkesia
gymnoxiphium (iliau) stand, a close relative of the silversword.
• 5:00 PM Continue back to hotel at Kapa`a with approximate arrival at 6 PM. (A background paper for
the Upland Trip is in Vegetatio 120: 1-20. 1995).
Wednesday, July 28 Kaua`i Lowland Trip (fi nal day)
• 7:30 AM Drive to Kaua`i’s north shore with photographing stop at Hanalei taro (Colocasia esculenta)
fi elds (15 minutes) to Limahuli Garden. This is being restored as an ahupua`a. Walk upslope into
watershed forest with many stops to look at the plants and landscape features. (Fee waver has to be
verifi ed with Chipper Wichman).
• 11:30 AM Drive back to Kilauea Point National Wildlife Refuge and spend one hour there observing
seabird colonies.
• 1 PM Have lunch outside nearby from pack lunches kept in coach/bus.
• 2 PM Drive back to hotel in Kapa`a to get there by 2:30.
Field trip ends here. Participants must have made own arrangements for remaining on Kaua`i or
departure to Honolulu and/or Kailua-Kona for Cloud-Forest Conference in Waimea.

Plant Species at the Pihea – Alaka`i Swamp Trail Area, Kaua`i 1
Adenophorus abietinus (Grammitidaceae) the smallest, most delicate fern of the genus, end. P: 33
Adenophorus hymenophylloides pendant on mossy trunk, end. pai, palai huna (hidden fern) P: 34
Adenophorus pinnatifi dus larger, with fronds tapering at both ends, end. P: 39
Adenophorus tamariscinus two-pinnate fronds up to 20 cm in tight clusters, end. P: 34, 37
Adenophorus tripinnatifi dus end. P. 39 with slender creeping rhyzomes
Alsinodendron lychnoides(Caryophyllaceae) kuawāwaenohu, end. genus (formerly Schiedea), W: 500 Plat 61:
496 parallel veins, lvs in whorls
Alyxia oliviformis (Apocynaceae) maile, end. W: 214
Asplenium lobulatum (Aspleniaceae) pi`ipi`ilau, ind. P: 66
Asplenium normale, ind. P: 70
Asplenium polyodon pūnana manu, ind. P: 71
Asplenium sphenotomum, end. P: 73
Astelia argyrocoma (Liliaceae) pa`iniu, end. W: 1460
Athyrium microphyllum (Athyriaceae) `ākōlea, end. P: 76
Broussaisia arguta (Hydrangeaceae) kanawao shrub, end. W: 794
Carex alligata (Cyperaceae) end. W: 1388
Cheirodendron platyphyllum (Araliaceae) `ōlapa, lapalapa tree, end. W: 227
Cheirodendrum trigynum `ōlapa, lapalapa, W: 227, end. Plate 11 in W: 223
Cibotium menziesii (Dicksoniaceae) hapu`u, `i`i, reddish brown, end. P: 96
Cibotium glaucum hāpu`u pulu, end. P: 95
Cibotium nealiae hāpu`u P: 96, end.
Clermontia fauriei (Campanulaceae) hāhā `aiakamanu, end. W: 428
Coprosma elliptica (Rubiaceae) pilo, end. W: 1124
Coprosma waimeae `ōlena, end. W: 1130
Cryptocaria mannii (Lauraceae) hōlio, end. W: 847
Cryptomeria japonica Taxodiaceae) sugi pine
Cyrtandra longifolia (Gesneriaceae) end. W: 766
Dianella sandwicensis (Liliaceae) `uki, ind. W: 1462
Dicranopteris linearis (Gleicheniaceae) uluhe, ind. P: 113
Diplopterygium pinnatum (Gleicheniaceae) uluhe, lau nui, end. P: 127
Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindaceae) a`ali`i, ind. W: 1227
Dryopteris glabra (Dryopteridaceae) kīlau, end. P: 140
Dubautia laxa subsp. hirsuta (Asteraceae) na`ena`e pua melemele, end. W: 301
Dubautia paleata na`ena`e pua kea, end. W: 303
Dubautia raillardioides na`ena`e `ula, end. W: 305
Elaeocarpus bifi dus (Elaeocarpaceae) kalia, end. W: 589
Elaphoglossum alatum (Elaphoglossaceae) `ēkaha, end. P: 154
Elaphoglossum crassifolium `ēkaha, hoe a Maui (Maui’s paddle) end. P: 156
Elaphoglossum paleaceum māku`e, ind. P: 158 (formerly E. hirtum)
Elaphoglossum pellucidum `ēkaha `ula end. P: 158
Elaphoglossum wawrae laukahi, hoe a Maui, end. P: 160
Gahnia vitiensis (Cyperaceae) ind. W: 1411
Grammitis baldwinii (Grammitidaceae) end. P: 163

Grammitis tenella kolokolo, end. P: 165
Hedyotis terminalis (Rubiaceae) manono, end. W: 1152
Ilex anomala (Aquifoliaceae) kāwa`u, ind. W: 222
Korthalsella latissima (Viscaceae) hulumoa, end. W: 1339
Labordia waialealae (Loganiaceae) kamakahala, lau li`i, W: 862
Lellingeria saffordii (Grammitidaceae) kihe, end. P: 169
Lycopodiella cernua (Lycopodiaceae) wāwae `iole, ind. P: 269
Lysimachia glutinosa (Primulaceae) end. W: 1081
Machaerina angustifolia (Cyperaceae) `uki, ind. W: 1414
Marattia douglasii (Marattiaceae) pala, end. P: 178
Mecodium recurvum (Hymenophyllaceae) `ōhi`a ku, end. P: 182
Melicope anisata (Rutaceae) mokihana, end. (formerly Pelea anisata) W: 1183, 1705
Melicope clusiifolia kūkaemoa, kolokolo mokihana, end. W: 1185
Melicope puberola end. W: 1202
Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) `ōhi`a lehua, end. W: 967
Metrosideros polymorpha var. dieteri W: 967
Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima W: 967
Metrosideros polymorpha var. pumila lehua maka noe, W: 969
Myrica faya (Myricaceae) fi re tree, nat. W: 931
Myrsine alyxifolia (Myrsinaceae) kōlea, end. W: 937
Myrsine lessertiana kōlea lau nui, end. W: 942
Myrsine wawraea end. W: 946
Nephrolepis cordifolia (Nephrolepidaceae) sword fern, Boston fern, ind. P: 189
Nertera granadensis (Rubiaceae) mākole, ind. W: 1158
Nothoperanema rubiginosa (Dryopteridaceae), end. P: 194 (formerly Ctenitis rubiginosa)
Oreobolus furcatus Cyperaceae), end. W: 1424
Peperomia hesperomannii (Piperaceae) end. W: 1025
Pittosporum gayanum (Pittospraceae) hā`awa, end. W: 1043
Polypodium pellucidum(Polypodiaceae) `ae, end. P: 215
Pouteria sandwicensis (Sapotaceae) `āla`a, end. W: 1233
Pritchardia minor (Arecaceae) loulu palm, end. W: 1372
Psilotum nudum (Psilotaceae) moa nahele, ind. P: 272
Psychotria mariniana (Rubiaceae) kōpiko, end. W: 1169
Rubus argutus Rosaceae) `ōhelo `ele`ele, prickly Florida blackberry, nat. W: 1107
Sadleria pallida (Blechnaceae) `ama`u fern, end. P: 233
Santalum freycinetianum (Santalaceae) `iliahi sandalwood, end. W: 1221
Scaevola gaudichaudiana (Goodeniaceae) naupaka kuahiwi, end. W: 784
Scaevola glabra `ohe naupaka, end. W: 786
Schizaea robusta (Schizaeaceae) `oāli`i, makali`i fern, end. P: 241
Smilax melastomifolia (Smilacaceae) hoi kuahiwi, uhi (Kaua`i), end. W: 1610

Sphaerocionium lanceolatum (Hymenophyllaceae) pulai hinahina, end. P: 242
Stenogyne purpurea (Lamiaceae) end. W: 841
Styphelia tameiameiae (Epacridaceae) pūkiawe, ind. W: 590
Syzygium sandwicensis (Myrtaceae) `ōhi`a hā, end. W: 976
Trematolobelia kauaiensis (Campanulaceae) koli`i, end. W: 486
Vaccinium calycinum (Ericaceae) `ōhelo kau lā`au, end. W: 593
Vaccinium dentatum `ōhelo, end. W: 593
Viola kauaensis (Violaceae) kalili, end. W: 1334
Viola wailenalenae, end. W: 1336
Wickstroemia oahuensis var. palustris (Thymelaeaceae) `ākia, end. W: 1286
(Footnotes)
1 Based on Vegetatio (now Plant Ecology) 120:11-20 (1995) by Kitayama and Mueller-Dombois, updated 2003 by DM-D
W = Wagner, W. L. et al. 1990. Manual of Flowering Plants of Hawaii (pagination)
P = Palmer, D. D. 2003. Hawai`i’s Ferns and Fern Allies (pagination)
End. = endemic, ind. = indigenous, nat. = naturalized

Bibliography
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Journal of Vegetation Science 6: 449-464.
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permanent plots. www.botany.hawaii.edu/pabitra (under Current and Planned Projects).
Boehmer, H. J. 2004. Poster: Regeneration of Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) in dieback stands of a
montane tropical rain forest (Power Point format) www.botany.hawaii.edu/pabitra (under Current and
Planned Projects).
Holt, A. R. 1983. The Maui Forest Trouble: A literature review and proposal for research. UH Botanical
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Inter-Island Guides
• Dieter Mueller-Dombois (amdhawaii@aol.com)
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