Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association

IMC7 Main Congress Theme V: CELL BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY Posters
Science, Dept. of Structural Biology, Rehovot 76100,
Israel. - E-mail: garty@post.tau.ac.il
The formation of calcium-containing structures on the
thallial surface of the lichen Ramalina lacera (With.) J.R.
Laund. in response to air pollution and to simulated acid
rain, was studied in in situ and transplanted thalli. In situ
thalli were collected from an unpolluted site and
transplanted to heavily polluted and to less polluted sites
for a ten-months period. Additional thalli were treated
either with double distilled water or with simulated acid
rain. SEM and infrared spectrometry revealed that thallial
surfaces of in situ R. lacera samples collected in unpolluted
sites were covered with two kinds of calcium oxalate
crystals. These aggregates of calcium oxalate crystals
appear to disintegrate and provide a crystal layer on the
thallial surface. Infrared spectroscopy of powder scrapped
from thallial surfaces of transplants, retrieved from nonpolluted
sites, showed the presence of whewellite and
weddelite whereas powders obtained from thalli retrieved
from polluted sites contained whewellite, weddelite and
gypsum. It is suggested that a certain fraction of the
gypsum detected in crater-like structures in transplants
from polluted sites and in thalli treated with simulated acid
rain is endogenous and should be considered a biomineral.
1106 - Biotechnological aspects of basidiomycetes study
V.P. Gavrilova 1* , N.S. Yakovleva 1 , O.V. Koroleva 2 , E.V.
Stepanova 2 & E.O. Landesman 2
1 V.L.Komarov Institute of Botany Russian Academy of
Sciences, Prof. Popov Str., 2, St. Petersburg, 198022,
Russia. - 2 A.N.Bach Institute of Biochemistry Russian
Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr.33, Moscow, 117071,
Russia. - E-mail: Valeria@VG2438.spb.edu
The study of physiological and biochemical peculiarities of
Basidiomycetes opens a wide range of possibilities for their
using in biotechnology. The first step of creation of
biotechnological process starts with an investigation of
physiology of fungal producer. The Collection of LE(BIN),
containing a great number of Basidiomycetes provides the
opportunity to carry out the study on biology of
macromycetes development in culture including the
investigation of enzymatic activities of macromycetes. The
kinetic regularities (duration of lag-period, specific rate of
growth, the velocity of carbohydrate consumption,
economical coefficient, the influence of pH on the growth
and metabolism) and peculiarities of ligninolytic enzymes
biosynthesis under the submerged cultivation of
Basidiomycetes belonging to families Polyporaceae,
Ganodermataceae and Strophariaceae have been studied. It
has been shown that rate of culture growth and enzyme
synthesis can be regulated by cultivation conditions and
desirable level of enzymes produced can be achieved by
screening of appropriated producers. The combination of
fast method developed for fungi screening on agar plates
and the study of biosynthetic peculiarities of macromycetes
under the conditions of submerged cultivation allows to
chose the most prominent strains for different
biotechnological applications, in particular for obtaining of
ligninolytic enzymes, biologically active substances as well
as biomass with high protein concentration.
1107 - Identification of transposon-like sequences in the
genome of fungi belonging to the Glomales
A. Gollotte * , O. Chatagnier, C. Arnould, D. van Tuinen, S.
Gianinazzi & V. Gianinazzi-Pearson
UMR 1088 BBCE-IPM, INRA, BP86510, 21065 Dijon
Cedex, France. - E-mail: a.gollotte@epoisses.inra.fr
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales) which are
important for plant health and survival are ancient
organisms which appeared with the first land plants more
than 400 million years ago. Their genome is large (108 to
109 bp) and is rich is repeated sequences. A high level of
genetic polymorphism exists within their multinucleate
spores. The aim of this work was to characterise repetitive
DNA elements and provide a greater insight into the
structure of the genome in the Glomales. Repeated
sequences were isolated by screening lambda ZAPII
genomic libraries from Glomus mosseae BEG12,
Gigaspora rosea BEG9 and Gigaspora margarita BEG 34
or by genomic self-priming PCR (GSP-PCR). Insert length
ranged from 900 to 6000 bp and the copy number of each
repeated sequence in the genome was between 70 and
8000. Of 25 sequences that were isolated, all were rich in
AT. Most of the sequences had no open reading frame and
showed no homology to known sequences. However, short
regions in these sequences were identical to elements
present in transposons in other organisms. Two sequences
showed similarity to reverse transcriptases. The distribution
of these sequences in the genome is being determined by
Southern blot and FISH. The presence of transposon-like
sequences in the genome of the Glomales may have
contributed to the appearance of high genetic
polymorphism in the large genome of these fungi during
evolution. This work is part of the european project
GENOMYCA (QLRT-2000-01319).
1108 - Black fungal colonies as units of survival: hyphal
mycosporines synthesized by rock dwelling fungi
A. Gorbushina 1* , M. Volkmann 1 , Th. Dornieden 1 , H.
Ruetters 2 & J. Rullkoetter 2
1 Geomicrobiology, ICBM, P.O.Box 2503, D-26111
Oldenburg, Germany. - 2 Organic Geochemistry, ICBM,
P.O.Box 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. - E-mail:
anna.gorbushina@uni-oldenburg.de
Microcolonial fungi (MCF), long living vegetative mycelia
frequently occurring on desert rock surfaces, are exposed to
strong ultraviolet radiation, desiccation and nutrient
scarcity. Fungal rock dwelling microcolonies lack
ascospores and all their cells possess a thick melanised cell
wall. These simply organised mycelial structures grow by
mitotic cell divisions, but frequently are more stress-
Book of Abstracts 335