Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association
Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association
Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association
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IMC7 Main Congress Theme III: PATHOGENS AND NUISANCES, FOOD AND MEDICINE Posters<br />
wet and dry weights <strong>of</strong> roots and shoots as well as the<br />
number <strong>of</strong> inflorescences, significantly. A combined<br />
inoculum <strong>of</strong> Puccinia punctiformis and P. hedericola was<br />
less effective than P. hedericola inoculated singly. The<br />
most effective inoculum was an inoculum mixture <strong>of</strong> the<br />
four perthotrophs. Further experiments should concentrate<br />
on formulation <strong>of</strong> the pathogens and application in field<br />
experiments.<br />
831 - Real-time PCR procedure to reliably detect and<br />
quantitate the pathogen Heterobasidion parviporum in<br />
infected spruce tissue culture clones<br />
A. Hietala, M. Eikenes, H. Kvaalen, H. Solheim & C.G.<br />
Fossdal *<br />
Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Høgskoleveien 12 N-<br />
1432 Ås, Norway. - E-mail: carl.fossdal@skogforsk.no<br />
One <strong>of</strong> our main interests is to learn about the molecular<br />
basis <strong>of</strong> host defense responses, using the coniferous host<br />
Norway spruce infected with the pathogen Heterobasidion<br />
parviporum as the experimental system. This<br />
basidiomycete and the closely related pathogen H.<br />
annosum are the major root rot causing pathogens in<br />
conifers. To screen host material for differential resistance<br />
towards H. parviporum, it is a necessity to quantify the<br />
fungal colonization <strong>of</strong> the host tissues. Therefore, we<br />
aimed to develop and compare the sensitivity <strong>of</strong> a real-time<br />
PCR to an ergosterol based method for determining the rate<br />
<strong>of</strong> colonization. We developed a quantitative multiplex<br />
real-time PCR procedure that reliably detecting down to<br />
1pg H. parviporum DNA and 1ng host DNA. There was a<br />
very high correlation between the fungal-biomass/totalbiomass<br />
and fungal-DNA/total-DNA rankings obtained<br />
with ergosterol and real-time PCR, strengthening the<br />
credibility <strong>of</strong> both methods. The results indicate that this<br />
real-time procedure can be a useful method to screen<br />
different spruce material for their relative resistance to the<br />
pathogen H. parviporum.<br />
832 - A TaqMan TM real-time PCR assay for detection<br />
and quantification <strong>of</strong> T-2/HT-2 toxin producing<br />
Fusarium species in cereal matrices<br />
A. Holst-Jensen * , A. Løvseth, A.K. Knutsen, M. Torp &<br />
K.G. Berdal<br />
National Veterinary Institute, Section <strong>of</strong> Feed and Food<br />
Microbiology, Ullevålsveien 68, P.O.Box 8156 Dep., 0033<br />
Oslo, Norway. - E-mail: arne.holst-jensen@vetinst.no<br />
Fusarium sporotrichiodes and Fusarium langsethiae Torp<br />
& Nirenberg ined. are known producers <strong>of</strong> T-2/HT-2 toxin.<br />
However, these taxa may easily be confused with other<br />
taxa <strong>of</strong> Fusarium, e.g. F. poae, that very rarely have been<br />
reported to produce the toxin. The toxin is one <strong>of</strong> the most<br />
important mycotoxins in cereal products in the Norhern<br />
part <strong>of</strong> Europe, and it is therefore considered to be<br />
250<br />
<strong>Book</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Abstracts</strong><br />
important to detect and quantify the presence <strong>of</strong> producers<br />
<strong>of</strong> the toxin. Based on partial translation elongation factor<br />
1á gene sequences and phylogenetic analyses, we have<br />
identified diagnostic sequence motifs and successively<br />
developed a quantitative real-time PCR assay for detection<br />
<strong>of</strong> these two taxa in cereal matrices, using TaqMan TM<br />
chemistry. The assay and its performance will be<br />
presented.<br />
833 - A multi-target environmental approach to control<br />
growth and mycotoxin production by Fusarium species<br />
using essential oils and antioxidants<br />
R. Hope * & N. Magan<br />
Applied Mycology Group, Biotechnology Centre, Cranfield<br />
University, Silsoe, Bedford MK45 4DT, U.K.<br />
This study investigated how Fusarium culmorum and F.<br />
graminearum isolates from the UK are affected by aw,<br />
temperature, and fungicidal agents. The combined effects<br />
<strong>of</strong> these different variables were also investigated. In<br />
addition to how the morphology and ecology <strong>of</strong> the species<br />
is affected by the environmental conditions, the effect on<br />
mycotoxin production (in particular deoxynivalenol) was<br />
also determined. Essential oils and antioxidants were<br />
screened for antifungal properties in vitro using clearing<br />
zone assays and temporal growth studies. The five most<br />
effective agents identified by the in vitro screen were tested<br />
further in situ on irradiated wheat grain under different<br />
environmental conditions and a w levels. Growth rates <strong>of</strong> F.<br />
culmorum and F. graminearum were significantly effected<br />
by temperature,a w and antifungal agent. Efficacy <strong>of</strong><br />
essential oils and antioxidants agents at inhibiting fungal<br />
growth was dose and type dependent. At least 500 ppm was<br />
required for significant inhibition <strong>of</strong> growth. Cinnamon and<br />
clove essential oils were the most effective growth<br />
inhibitors <strong>of</strong> the five agents across all the conditions. Of<br />
antioxidants, PP and BHA were most effective. The effect<br />
on DON and Nivalenol mycotoxins was variable with<br />
effects better at 500 ppm <strong>of</strong> essential oils than 100<br />
regradless <strong>of</strong> aw level. The potential for using these<br />
alternative food grade preservatives in stored cereals will<br />
be discussed.<br />
834 - A study <strong>of</strong> the trypsin genes in Metarhizium<br />
G. Hu * & R.J. St. Leger<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Maryland, Rm 4112 Plant Sciences Building,<br />
college park, MD 20742, U.S.A. - E-mail:<br />
gh70@umail.umd.edu<br />
Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae produces 3 trypsins<br />
among a variety <strong>of</strong> other cuticle degrading enzymes. As<br />
well as animals, the trypsin family <strong>of</strong> Metarhizium has<br />
homologs in streptomycetes and four related pathogenic<br />
pyrenomycetous ascomycetes. The limited distribution <strong>of</strong><br />
trypsins in a small group <strong>of</strong> related fungi is consistent with