Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association

IMC7 Main Congress Theme I: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION Posters
campestris, Parnassia palustris, T. aureum and T.
spadiceum, all confined to grasslands, were found to
possess AM fungi.
495 - Fungi from the highlands of Eastern Iceland, an
area at risk because of the proposed Karahnjukar
hydropower project
G.G. Eyjolfsdottir
Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Akureyri Division,
Hafnarstraeti 97; P.O.Box 180; IS-602 Akureyri, Iceland. -
E-mail: gge@ni.is
This study of the macromycota of the highlands (450-650
m a.s.l.) in Eastern Iceland was a part of research aimed at
assessing the environmental impact of the proposed
Karahnjukar hydropower project. Fungi were collected at
the proposed site of a 57 km 2 , 24 km long reservoir
Halslon, to be formed by building dams in the river Jökulsa
a Bru and flooding its channel and surrounding area.
Collection took place in middle of August 2000, at 24
transects for vegetation analyses. The fungi were
photographed and dried in the field and later identified. A
total of 35 species of macromycetes and four plant parasitic
micromycetes were identified. Most were typical highland
fungi, e.g. Omphalina pyxidata, Lactarius pseudouvidus,
Russula nana, Laccaria laccata, Hebeloma mesophaeum,
H. kuehneri, Inocybe calamistrata, Cortinarius subtorvus,
C. alpinus, Lactarius pubescens, Puccinia septentrionalis,
Exobasidium vaccinii-uliginosi and Rhytisma salicinum,
found in four or more transects. Those found in one
transect only were: Anthracoidea elynae, Bovista
nigrescens, Entoloma sericeum, Galerina clavata,
Galerina pseudomycenopsis, Geopora arenicola, Helvella
albella, Hygrocybe turunda, Inocybe geophylla, I. hirtella,
I. lacera, Laccaria pumila, Lyophyllum decastes and
Scutellinia patagonica, some of which are more common at
lower elevation or confined to specific habitats. The known
mycota of the highlands of Eastern Iceland is compared to
that of Central Iceland.
496 - Rapid approach to evaluate persistence of fieldintroduced
AMF by nested PCR
M.J. Farmer 1* , D. van Tuinen 1 , B. Zhao 2 , X. Li 3 , G. Feng 3 ,
W.K. Chan 4 , S. Gianinazzi 1 & V. Gianinazzi-Pearson 1
1 UMR 1088 INRA/Université de Bourgogne BBCE-IPM,
INRA-CSME, BP 86510 21065 Dijon cedex, France. - 2 Key
Laboratory of Agromicrobiology (Ministry of Agriculture,
China) College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong
Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. -
3 Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Natural
Resources and Environment Sciences. China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100094, China. - 4 Department of
Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Koloon, Hong Kong,
China. - E-mail: farmer@epoisses.inra.fr
In China 74% of agricultural soils (more than 7 million
hectares) are phosphorus-deficient. Arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi (AMF), which form symbiotic associations with plant
roots, are involved in the maintenance of sustainable soil
fertility. Colonization of plant roots by such fungi improves
the availability and uptake of soil phosphate resulting in
increased plant growth. Within the framework of a
European Project (1) focussing on the use of AMF
technology to improve staple food crop production in
small-scale sustainable agriculture in China, one of our
objectives is the use of molecular tools to monitor
persistence, within host roots, of selected AMF inoculated
onto three target food crops: maize, sweet potato and
cassava. We have studied different techniques of
conservation of mycorrhizal root systems and genomic
DNA (DNAg) extraction. A method of grinding in a Tris
EDTA buffer with the addition of activated charcoal was
retained for its simplicity, rapidity and efficiency. The
large ribosomal subunit of DNAg was amplified by nested
PCR using eukaryotic universal primers for the first PCR,
and primers specific for selected AMF(2) inoculated onto
target crops, for the second. (1) INCO-DEV:
MYCHINTEC No ICA4-CT-2000-30014. (2) van Tuinen,
D., Jacquot, E., Zhao, B., Gollotte, A., Gianinazzi-Pearson,
V. (1998) Characterization of root colonization profiles by
a microcosm community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
using 25S rDNA-targeted nested PCR. Molecular Ecology
7: 879-887.
497 - Influence of resource size on wood-inhabiting
fungal communities in a tropical forest
A. Ferrer
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072,
Panama. - E-mail: astridferrer@hotmail.com
The diversity of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes woodinhabiting
communities were examined for different
resource sizes of the host tree Prioria copaifera in five
low-diversity and high-diversity forests in central and
eastern Panama. A positive correlation between size of the
resource and basidiomycetes diversity was found, large
dead branches and trees had a large number of
basidiomycetes than small branches or small diameter
trees. The same significant relationship was found for
ascomycetes in three of these five sites. A relationship
between stage of decay and number of fungal species was
also tested, and more basidiomycetes species were found at
early stages of decay in three sites. However, this
relationship was weak and explained less than 10% of the
deviance in species diversity. Stage of decay did not have
any effect on the number of ascomycetes species. A field
experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the
size of the resource on fungal colonization. Resource size
was manipulated using different sized wood blocks of
Prioria, placed in two sites and censured every 3 months
for 15 months. The size of the blocks did had a positive,
significant effect on the fungal species number, and the
most common species were able to fruit in both small and
large wood blocks. These results suggest that resource size,
and therefore forest structure, is an important determinant
of fungal community structure.
Book of Abstracts 151