Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association
Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association
Book of Abstracts (PDF) - International Mycological Association
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IMC7 Main Congress Theme I: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION Posters<br />
campestris, Parnassia palustris, T. aureum and T.<br />
spadiceum, all confined to grasslands, were found to<br />
possess AM fungi.<br />
495 - Fungi from the highlands <strong>of</strong> Eastern Iceland, an<br />
area at risk because <strong>of</strong> the proposed Karahnjukar<br />
hydropower project<br />
G.G. Eyjolfsdottir<br />
Icelandic Institute <strong>of</strong> Natural History, Akureyri Division,<br />
Hafnarstraeti 97; P.O.Box 180; IS-602 Akureyri, Iceland. -<br />
E-mail: gge@ni.is<br />
This study <strong>of</strong> the macromycota <strong>of</strong> the highlands (450-650<br />
m a.s.l.) in Eastern Iceland was a part <strong>of</strong> research aimed at<br />
assessing the environmental impact <strong>of</strong> the proposed<br />
Karahnjukar hydropower project. Fungi were collected at<br />
the proposed site <strong>of</strong> a 57 km 2 , 24 km long reservoir<br />
Halslon, to be formed by building dams in the river Jökulsa<br />
a Bru and flooding its channel and surrounding area.<br />
Collection took place in middle <strong>of</strong> August 2000, at 24<br />
transects for vegetation analyses. The fungi were<br />
photographed and dried in the field and later identified. A<br />
total <strong>of</strong> 35 species <strong>of</strong> macromycetes and four plant parasitic<br />
micromycetes were identified. Most were typical highland<br />
fungi, e.g. Omphalina pyxidata, Lactarius pseudouvidus,<br />
Russula nana, Laccaria laccata, Hebeloma mesophaeum,<br />
H. kuehneri, Inocybe calamistrata, Cortinarius subtorvus,<br />
C. alpinus, Lactarius pubescens, Puccinia septentrionalis,<br />
Exobasidium vaccinii-uliginosi and Rhytisma salicinum,<br />
found in four or more transects. Those found in one<br />
transect only were: Anthracoidea elynae, Bovista<br />
nigrescens, Entoloma sericeum, Galerina clavata,<br />
Galerina pseudomycenopsis, Geopora arenicola, Helvella<br />
albella, Hygrocybe turunda, Inocybe geophylla, I. hirtella,<br />
I. lacera, Laccaria pumila, Lyophyllum decastes and<br />
Scutellinia patagonica, some <strong>of</strong> which are more common at<br />
lower elevation or confined to specific habitats. The known<br />
mycota <strong>of</strong> the highlands <strong>of</strong> Eastern Iceland is compared to<br />
that <strong>of</strong> Central Iceland.<br />
496 - Rapid approach to evaluate persistence <strong>of</strong> fieldintroduced<br />
AMF by nested PCR<br />
M.J. Farmer 1* , D. van Tuinen 1 , B. Zhao 2 , X. Li 3 , G. Feng 3 ,<br />
W.K. Chan 4 , S. Gianinazzi 1 & V. Gianinazzi-Pearson 1<br />
1 UMR 1088 INRA/Université de Bourgogne BBCE-IPM,<br />
INRA-CSME, BP 86510 21065 Dijon cedex, France. - 2 Key<br />
Laboratory <strong>of</strong> Agromicrobiology (Ministry <strong>of</strong> Agriculture,<br />
China) College <strong>of</strong> Life Science and Technology, Huazhong<br />
Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. -<br />
3 Department <strong>of</strong> Plant Nutrition, College <strong>of</strong> Natural<br />
Resources and Environment Sciences. China Agricultural<br />
University, Beijing 100094, China. - 4 Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, Hong Kong<br />
Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Koloon, Hong Kong,<br />
China. - E-mail: farmer@epoisses.inra.fr<br />
In China 74% <strong>of</strong> agricultural soils (more than 7 million<br />
hectares) are phosphorus-deficient. Arbuscular mycorrhizal<br />
fungi (AMF), which form symbiotic associations with plant<br />
roots, are involved in the maintenance <strong>of</strong> sustainable soil<br />
fertility. Colonization <strong>of</strong> plant roots by such fungi improves<br />
the availability and uptake <strong>of</strong> soil phosphate resulting in<br />
increased plant growth. Within the framework <strong>of</strong> a<br />
European Project (1) focussing on the use <strong>of</strong> AMF<br />
technology to improve staple food crop production in<br />
small-scale sustainable agriculture in China, one <strong>of</strong> our<br />
objectives is the use <strong>of</strong> molecular tools to monitor<br />
persistence, within host roots, <strong>of</strong> selected AMF inoculated<br />
onto three target food crops: maize, sweet potato and<br />
cassava. We have studied different techniques <strong>of</strong><br />
conservation <strong>of</strong> mycorrhizal root systems and genomic<br />
DNA (DNAg) extraction. A method <strong>of</strong> grinding in a Tris<br />
EDTA buffer with the addition <strong>of</strong> activated charcoal was<br />
retained for its simplicity, rapidity and efficiency. The<br />
large ribosomal subunit <strong>of</strong> DNAg was amplified by nested<br />
PCR using eukaryotic universal primers for the first PCR,<br />
and primers specific for selected AMF(2) inoculated onto<br />
target crops, for the second. (1) INCO-DEV:<br />
MYCHINTEC No ICA4-CT-2000-30014. (2) van Tuinen,<br />
D., Jacquot, E., Zhao, B., Gollotte, A., Gianinazzi-Pearson,<br />
V. (1998) Characterization <strong>of</strong> root colonization pr<strong>of</strong>iles by<br />
a microcosm community <strong>of</strong> arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi<br />
using 25S rDNA-targeted nested PCR. Molecular Ecology<br />
7: 879-887.<br />
497 - Influence <strong>of</strong> resource size on wood-inhabiting<br />
fungal communities in a tropical forest<br />
A. Ferrer<br />
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072,<br />
Panama. - E-mail: astridferrer@hotmail.com<br />
The diversity <strong>of</strong> ascomycetes and basidiomycetes woodinhabiting<br />
communities were examined for different<br />
resource sizes <strong>of</strong> the host tree Prioria copaifera in five<br />
low-diversity and high-diversity forests in central and<br />
eastern Panama. A positive correlation between size <strong>of</strong> the<br />
resource and basidiomycetes diversity was found, large<br />
dead branches and trees had a large number <strong>of</strong><br />
basidiomycetes than small branches or small diameter<br />
trees. The same significant relationship was found for<br />
ascomycetes in three <strong>of</strong> these five sites. A relationship<br />
between stage <strong>of</strong> decay and number <strong>of</strong> fungal species was<br />
also tested, and more basidiomycetes species were found at<br />
early stages <strong>of</strong> decay in three sites. However, this<br />
relationship was weak and explained less than 10% <strong>of</strong> the<br />
deviance in species diversity. Stage <strong>of</strong> decay did not have<br />
any effect on the number <strong>of</strong> ascomycetes species. A field<br />
experiment was conducted to determine the effect <strong>of</strong> the<br />
size <strong>of</strong> the resource on fungal colonization. Resource size<br />
was manipulated using different sized wood blocks <strong>of</strong><br />
Prioria, placed in two sites and censured every 3 months<br />
for 15 months. The size <strong>of</strong> the blocks did had a positive,<br />
significant effect on the fungal species number, and the<br />
most common species were able to fruit in both small and<br />
large wood blocks. These results suggest that resource size,<br />
and therefore forest structure, is an important determinant<br />
<strong>of</strong> fungal community structure.<br />
<strong>Book</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Abstracts</strong> 151