Landforms of British Columbia 1976 - Department of Geography

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I.-Introduction . . . . . -- ---.- -- . . . . . ..-- -- . . . . -- --.-..--..---- ----- ---.----.---.--- - -----.---- ---- 13 Development of Landforms .--------.-.---- -- ..---------.-. ------ -.--.--- -- ------- - ------------.- -- 13 Influence of Process.... .--- ------- --------- -- .--- ------ ----..-.- --- -------- -..- -------------- 14 Influence of Bedrock------- -.--.-.-.----- --- ------------------.. ---- ---- ------ ----- ---------- 15 Influence of Orogenic History.---------- ----- -- -----------------------. ---------- ----- 21 Summary of Physiographic History of British Columbia.-..-------------------...- 22 System of Subdivision.--- -...-.---.-.-... ~.----- .-.-.- ---~--~------- ---------.-.. -- - --.. ----- ----...- 23 Previous Work- ------- --- --.-.-------- ------- ---------.-------------------------..--------- - ----- 23 Sources of Information .--.-.-.-.-.- --- ------.- -------- --------. --- -----.-.------------ - ----.. 24 Selection of Boundaries ----------.- ---- .-....- ------.-.- -- .--.-...---- ------- ---.-- --- ----.- 24 Illustrations .--.----------.-- -- ------.------ ----.--- ----.-..- ------- ..------.---..-.-........--.---.-.------- 25 Bibliography --.-----..--.-.-.-..--..--------.-..-----.---------- ---- -.--.- -- -.-. - -----..-..--..-.-.-------- 26 Chapter II.-Physiographic Subdivisions of British Columbia-..----- ----..--------..-- 27 A. Canadian Cordillera..------ --.-.. ---- -------- ---- -.------- - -----.--.-.-.....-.....-.-.....-.-..-- 27 I. Western System.... . ..--.. ----------- -----------.----------.-.--.........-...--..-..--.---..- 28 Outer Mountain Area.-.- ----.-.. ---.- ---.--.-------.-------.------.--.---.--..-----.- 28 St. Elias Mountains .--..--....----- ---- -------- ---- ---- ----~~~--~.------ ----... 28 Fairweather Ranges---- --..----------------------..--.---..-------..- 29 Icefield Ranges-------V---- .-.------ -- --------------..- ...-----------.--- 29 Alsek Ranges .---- - .-.------- ---- -------------. -- ..-.--.-- - -------- - ----- 29 Duke Depression- .------. ------ .---- --- -.-... - -.-....-.------- - -------... 29 Insular Mountains .-..--.--..--.. - ~~-~-----~-.....~~~~~.-..-..- - ----------- --- 30 Queen Clmd&te Mountains .--- --------.--- ---- -.- ------------ - ---. 30 Queen Charlotte Ranges ------ -------------~ ---.- ------- -.--- 30 &idegate Plateau .---.-.------- - ------. -..-....- - -...-.--- - ----- 30 Vancouver Island Mountains .~~~~~~~~~~~-.-.~~~. -- ----- ------ -.-.- 31 Vancouver Island Ranges .--- ---- -...---..------- ---- -.-.- 31 Alberni Basin ..-..---.-.-----------------------..-------------.--- 32 Estevan Coastal Plain .-------------.-.-.-.....-- -------- ---..- 32 Coastal Trough .-------.-.-----.- -- ---- - -.-- ------- ----.---------.--.--- ----. .--.-------- 32 Hecate Depression .---- ..----.--. ------- -----.--- ---- -..--.-- -- --------- ----- 33 Queen Charlotte Lowland .--- -- -.-.-.------------.----------------.- 33 Argonaut Plair-- ------...-------..-...--..-.-..-------..----.---- 34 Nahwitti Lowland ..------ ------- --------..-. - --..---.------ ----- ------ 34 Suquash Basin.. -..--- ------- ------.-.---.--.---.----- ----- ------ 34 Hecate Lowland..-------- -----.---------------------..- - ------------.-- 34 Milbanke Strandflat------- -----.------.-.-.-.-- ----- --------- 35 Georgia Depression .--------------.------.-------.--------.--.-- - --.--.-------.- 35 Georgia Lowland .---....--------------------- - --------..-- -- ------.. -.- 36 Fraser Lowland ..-- ------- -------------------- - .-------------- ---- 36 Nanaimo Lowland .------------ ---- ----- ---- -----------------.---- ---- 37 Coast Mountain Area------- -.-----..----------- - --------------- ---- ------- -- --.- ---- 38 Coast Mountains .-.- --- -...-------------.-.----------------...- - ----- ---- ------ 38 Boundary Ranges--- ------------------------------- -- ---...--.-------- 39 Kitimat Ranges.-- .------------------------------- ----- ------.---.------- 41 Pacific Ranges-- .-.----.- ----- ------- -- ------- ------- .---.------------ 42 Chilcotin Ranges------ ---------- ------. -.----------.-.-- 43 Cascade Mountains..-- ----.-.-.-- - ---- -- -------------- ------~ -.----- 43 Physiographic History of the Western System------- -------------.---.--- 45 5 P.&GE
PAGE Chapter II.-Physiographic Subdivisions of British Columbia-Co&nued A. Canadian Cordillera-Continz.& II. Interior System .-------- ------- ..-----.-- - -.--------- - ...------.------- -- -.----- ------ ----- 46 Northern Plateau and Mountain Area .--.-------.---- --- -----------------.--- 46 Yukon Plateau ..-.- -- -.-...-.--- ---- -....---.-------..----- - ---.----- -- ----------- 47 Tagish Highland.--- -.-.------...------- -- ---- ---!---- ---- --- -------..-- 47 Teslin Plateau ------ -- --------.--------- - --------------------- - ------------ 47 Nisutlin Plateau .-----.--...--...-.---- --- ---... - ---- ------ --------- - ----- 48 Liard Plair------.----- -..---- --------~~-- ..--.... -- ---- -- ------..-- - -.-------- - ---- 48 Central Plateau and Mountain Area ..-.---- ----------- ---..--.---------------- 49 Stikine Plateau .-.-----..-.--...-- ----.-- ..-.-. ------.--- ------.------------ ----- 49 Tahltan Highland .-.-.---..--......-- ---~~~------~---- ----- - ------ ----- 49 Taku Plateau .-.----...---.....--.... ------~~~--- -.-. ---- .----- - ------------ 50 Kawdy Plateau ..-...---.-.- - . . . ..-..- --- ---- -- --..- -- --..------------.---- 5 1 Atsutla Range.---- ..-...-..-- --- ---- -- --...-.-.----- - ---------.--- 52 Nahlin Plateau .-.-- -- -.---- - -.-.--------.-.- - --..... - -.----- ---- --..- ---- 52 Tanzilla Plateau.---- ----- -- --.--- -- ---....---..-----.....- - -----.------- 53 Klastline Plateau.--- ---- --- ----- - ----.-...----------.--..- - ---...---.--- 53 Spatsizi Plateau ---------- ----- - -------.-----.----.-.---... - --.--------..- 54 Physiographic History of the Stikine Plateau . . .- ------ --- ----.-- 54 Skeena Mountains .------.- ------------ ---- ---------- ---.---....-------- --------- 55 Nass Basin ..---..--.....--.-.---------- - ---- ------------- -....---------.--- -- -----.- 57 Hazelton Mountains ---.-- ---- ------ --.--- ----..---..-.---....----.----- --- ----- 57 Nass Ranges .---.-.----------------------.---------------.----.------- - ----- 58 Kispiox Range --.-.-------------.---- - ----.----.--------,----.------------- 58 Bulkley Ranges ----------.-----.---- --- ----- -- -----------.--.-.------ ----- 59 Tahtsa Ranges ----... -- ---------.--.---..-----.---------,..- - ..-...----...- 59 Cassiar Mountains .-------------------- ~ ----- -- ------ - -----.--.-.- -- ----...------ 60 Dease Plateau .-------- - ---- - .------ -- ---- -- ---- -- ---.....---- --- ---.------- 60 Horseranch Range ..--- ---- -.------ --- -----.-- ---- -- ---...-.---- 61 Stikine Ranges --- ------ -------- ---...---..----.----...-.---....------.--- 61 Kechika Ranges ...-- -- .-.------ ------~~-~~~---- ---.-.-. - ----- -- -----..-- 62 Sifton Ranges ..---...--- - -.--.-.------ --.-- -..- ----- --...---.----- -- ---...- 62 Omineca Mountains----- .---- ------ ------------- --- ---..----.-.------------.--- 63 Swannell Ranges .------------- ----...----- ---- ....--.--- --- ---..-------- 63 Finlay Ranges .-.---...- - .-.--..--.--- --- ---.-.--- -------- ---...---- --- ---- 64 Hogem Ranges.-W-W-- ---- ------- ----..-. -.------ --.-.-- .-.----- ------.--- 64 Rocky Mountain Trench .--- -- ----. ------- --------. ----- ---- ------ ------ -------.-.- 65 Southern Plateau and Mountain Area .-----. -------- --....-. - .---- -- ----...-- 66 Interior Plateau -..-....-- - ..-- --------- ------ --------- ----..... -- ----------- 66 Fraser Basin .----.- ------~--~~---- ---------- ---- ----....-.-------- --- ----.-- 67 Nechako Plain-. ------ ----.----- ---- -- --.--... --------- ------- 67 Nechako Plateau --------- -.-- -- .-.-...--- --- ----.--.-- - .--...--- - ------ 68 McGregor Plateau .-- --.-------.. -------- ---.. .--- -- -------.--- 69 Fraser Plateau .--.-- ----- -.-.-.---..-- ----- .-...--- -----.- ----.------ ---- 69 Thompson Plateau---- ----- --- -----.. - -.-- ----- ------------- --- ----- 71 Quesnel Highland .---- --------- ---..... - ---- ----- ----..--.------ -- ------ 72 Shuswap Highland .--------- --- ------.. - ---- --------- ------..----------- 73 Okanagan Highland.------------ --.--- - ------- --- ---- - --.------------ -- 74 Physiographic History of the Interior Plateau -----.---- ---- ---.- 75 6
Page 1 and 2: Bulletin 48 Landforms of British Co
Page 3: The technical references are believ
Page 7 and 8: FIQ. ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Landform map
Page 9 and 10: PLATE PAOE XVIII. (33) Stikine Plat
Page 11 and 12: PLATE XXXVIIB. (70) Rocky Mountain
Page 13 and 14: traveller. If he SO wishes, his enj
Page 15 and 16: pendants which, because of their se
Page 17 and 18: As Iava cools and consolidates, it
Page 19 and 20: are lithologic differences from pla
Page 21 and 22: mentary rocks are folded and faulte
Page 23 and 24: Field work by members of the Geolog
Page 25 and 26: BIBLIOGRAPHY Alden, W. C.: “ Phys
Page 27 and 28: The western boundary of the Eastern
Page 29 and 30: INSULAR MOUNTAINS The Insular Mount
Page 31 and 32: H. C., “ Geology and Mineral Depo
Page 33 and 34: The extreme northeastern tip of Gra
Page 35 and 36: the strait. It is suggested that th
Page 37 and 38: The lowland consists of many low, w
Page 39 and 40: anges farther west. The ranges sout
Page 41 and 42: Pacific Ranges The Pa&c Ranges (see
Page 43 and 44: Columbia. The mountains along the 4
Page 45 and 46: ones, and widening and deepening th
Page 47 and 48: south end of Teslin Lake, which sep
Page 49 and 50: Between the Taku &nd Sheslay Rivers
Page 51 and 52: The tuyas consist of nearly horizon
Page 53 and 54: sloping areas of upland remain undi
Page 55 and 56:
mostly in the Babine Range. The roc
Page 57 and 58:
to Eutsuk Lake on the southern side
Page 59 and 60:
I These valleys are at a fairly hig
Page 61 and 62:
Detailed studies made around severa
Page 63 and 64:
The area is drained by the Finlay,
Page 65 and 66:
Plateau and the Nechako Plateau, an
Page 67 and 68:
iver in pre-Pl&ocene time or whethe
Page 69 and 70:
dissected upland surface of the pla
Page 71 and 72:
Thompson and North Thompson River v
Page 73 and 74:
Adams, and Shuswap Rivers and their
Page 75 and 76:
highlands, but the main effects of
Page 77 and 78:
eda Rivers on the west and the Colu
Page 79 and 80:
The amount of relief is governed by
Page 81 and 82:
“ Striae, roches moutonn&s, and l
Page 83 and 84:
The boundary between the Rocky Moun
Page 85 and 86:
[References: Price, R. A., “ Fern
Page 87 and 88:
8,820 feet, and the lowest point in
Page 89 and 90:
margin of the Rocky Mountains% it s
Page 91 and 92:
Devonian limestones that are thrust
Page 93 and 94:
locally, as a rule only on the nort
Page 95 and 96:
Dept. of Mines and Petroleum Remmx?
Page 97 and 98:
CHAPTER III.-SPECIAL ASPECTS OF THE
Page 99 and 100:
movement, and regional studies of t
Page 101 and 102:
Both the Atlas of British Columbia
Page 103 and 104:
ase of the Sumas till in the Fraser
Page 105 and 106:
British Columbia includes the drain
Page 107 and 108:
The Parsnip and Finlay Rivers were
Page 109 and 110:
upper Fraser River is the result of
Page 111 and 112:
Its pattern of flow within the moun
Page 113 and 114:
materials. Along the west coast of
Page 115 and 116:
, Pleistocene probably has been bet
Page 117 and 118:
A small volcanic cone with associat
Page 119 and 120:
‘I , titularly for those interest
Page 121 and 122:
The Pinchi fault and its northweste
Page 123 and 124:
component of the discordant pattern
Page 125 and 126:
APPENDIX B.-GLOSSARY * Aggrade-to b
Page 127 and 128:
Lineation-in rock the parallel orie
Page 129 and 130:
INDEX The place names listed are th
Page 131:
85 126 :: :: 116
Page 134 and 135:
Quam Quartz ~ountam Queen Bess, Mou
Page 136:
138
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Landforms of British Columbia 1976 - Department of Geography

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