Establishment Record for the Larue Pine Hills - Otter - Northern ...

United* Statds Wadking "on 14th & Independence SW
Department of Off ice P.O. Box 96090
Agriculture Washington, DC 20090-6090
Floyd J. Marita
Regional Forester
USDA Forest Service
310 W. Wisconsin Avenue, RM 500
Milwaukee, WI 53203
Dear Butch:
Reply To: 4060-3
Date: October 23, 1991
Enclosed is the approved on Order and
Establishment Record for It was approved by
Chief on October 3, 1991.
S'~ANLEY L. KRUGMAN, Director
f' Forest Management Research

DECISION NOTICE/DESlGNATION ORDER
Decisl~n Notice
Finding of Na- Significant Impact
Designation Order
By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Secretary of Agricukure under regulations 7 CFR 2.42, 36
CFR 251.23, and 36 CFR Part 21 9, 1 hereby establish the LaRue-Pine Hiils/Otter Pond Research Natural
Area. It shall be comprised of lands described in the section of the Establishment Record entitled 'Location.'
The Regional Forester has recommended the establishment of this Research Natural Area in the Record
of Decision for the Shawnee National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan. That recommendation
was the result of an analysis of the factors listed in 36 CFR 21 9.25 and Forest Service Manual 4063.41.
Results of the Regional Forester's Analysis are documented in the Shawnee National Forest Land and
Resource Management Plan and Finai Environmental Impact Statement which are available to the public.
The LaRue-Pine Hills/Otter Pond Research Natural Area will be managed in compliance with all relevant
laws, regulations, and Forest Service Manual direction regarding Research Natural Areas. It will be
administered in accordance with the management directionlprescription identified in the Establishment
Record.
The Shawnee National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan is hereby amended to be consistent
with the management direction identified in the Establishment Record and this Decision NoticelDesignation
Order. This is a non-significant amendment of the Shawnee National Forest Land and Resource Management
Plan (36 CFR 219.1 O(f)).
The Forest Supervisor of the Shawnee National Forest shall notify the public of this decision and will mail
a copy of the Decision Notice/Designation Order and amended direction to all persons on the Shawnee
National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan mailing list.
Based upon the Environmental Analysis, I find that designation of the LaRue-Pine Hills/Otter Pond Research
Natural Area is not a major Federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human environment (40
CFR 1 508.27).
This decision is subject to appeal pursuant to 36 CFR Part 217. A Notice of Appeal must be in writing
and submitted to:
and simultaneously to the Deciding Officer:
The Secretary of Agriculture
14th & Independence Ave., S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20250
Chief (1 570)
USDA, Forest Service
P.O. Box 96090
Washington, D.C. 20090-6090
The Notice of Appeal pi 2pared pursuant to 36 CFR 217.9(b) must be submitted within 45 days from the
date of legal notice of this decision. Review by the Secretary is wholly discretionary. If the Secretary has
not decided within 15 days of receiving the Notice of Appeal to review the Chief's decision, appellants
will be notified that the Chief's decision is the final administrative decision of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (36 CFR 21 7.1 7(d)).
Chief
3 / 71
Date *
'

MUE-PTNE HTLLS/OTTER porn
mSELARCH NATURAL AREA
SHAWNEE NATIONAL FOREST
JULY 31, 1987

1. Authorities for biota nomenclature, unless otherwise noted, are as follows:
Flora :
a. Fernald, M.L., 1950, Gray's manual of botany, 8th ed., American Book
Co., NY. 1632p
b. Little, E.L.Jr., 1979, Checklist of United States Trees (Native and
Naturalized) Agri Handbook No. 541, Forest Service, USDA.
Fauna :
a. Banks, R.C., R.W. Diarmid, A.L. Gardner, 1987. Checklist of vertebrates
of the United States, US Territories, and Canada, Resource Publ. 166. Fish and
Wildlife Service, USDI. 81p
b. Holsinger, JR, 1972, The fresh water amphipod crustaceans (Gammaridae)
of North Am., Biota of Freshwater Ecosystems. Identification Manual
No. 5, EPA. 89p
c. Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, V.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachorer,
R.N. Lea, W. B Scott, 1980. A list of common and scientific names of fishes
from the U.S. and Canada, 4th ed., Am. Fisheries Soc., Spec. publ. No. 12,
Bethesda, MD. 174p
d. Sutherland, D,W.S, 19'98. Common names of insects and related
organisms. Entomological Society of America. 132~.
2. Management Precription
a. Hand removal of vegetation. This may be necessary because natural
fires have been prevented or controlled in recent years. Once woody vegetation
is controllable through prescribed burning or grazing, hand removal of woody
vegetation will be unnecessary.
b. Fences are not needed to achieve management objectives.

Figure 1. Location of LaRue-Pine Hills/Otter Pond Research Natural Area shown
(with arrow) on copy of J. A. ~ier's Landforms - of Illinois map, 111.
State Geol. Surv., Urbana, 1980

Figure 2. Location of ~adue-pine ~ills/~tter
Pond Research Natural Area shown
(with arrow and circle) on copy of Illinois Official Highway Map,
1985-86, Department of Transportation, Springfield

Qu;tternary system
(Pleistocene, and Recent) .
Clayey silt, clay; sand and gravel in pl;~ces
'I'ertiary system
Pliocene series
"1,afayette" formation-20--50 feet
Eocene series
Paleocene series
Cretaceou!: system
Pennsylvanian system
Mississippian system
Upper Mississippian series
i,ower hIississippi:tn series
Meramec group
Osage group
....................
Hortline '6fformation"-30-S0 feet
Kinderhook group
Springville formation-60 feet
Devonian system
@'. ..................
Clear Creek formation-300
b. ...................
Grassy Knob "formntion"feet
185 feet
Haiiey fortnation--2(&3(H) feet
Silurian system
Ordovici~n system
Succession of geologic formations at
LaRue-Pine Hills/Otter Pond Research
Natural Area

Figure 7. Location of north part of LaRue-Pine Hills/~tter Pond Research Natural
Area shown (with bold line) on map of soils taken from Soil Survey of
Union County, Illinois by C. C. Miles, et al., SCS and USFS, in
cooperation with Ill. Agr. Exp. Sta., Urbana, 1979
scale 4" = 1 m ile

Figure 8. Location of middle part of LaRue-Pine Hills/Otter Pond Researctl Natural
Area shown (with bold line) on map of soils taken from --- Soil survex - of
Union County, ---- Illinois by C. C. Miles,et al., SCS and USFS, in
cooperation with Ill. Agr. Exp. Sta., Urbana, 1979
scale 4" = 1 mile

Figure 9. Location of south part of LaRue-Pine Hills/Otter Pond Research Natural
Area shown (with bold line) on map of soils taken from -- Soil survey -- of
Union County, Illinois by C. C. Miles,et al., SCS .and USFS, in
cooperation with Ill. Agr. Exp. Sta., Urbana, 1979
scale 4" = 1 m ile

Figure 10. Location of southeast corner of LaRue-Pine ~ills/~tter Pond Research
Natural Area shown (with bold line) on map of soils taken from --- Soil
survey of Union County, Illinois by C. 6. Miles.et al., SCS and USFS,
in cooperation with Ill. Agr. Exp. Sta., Urbana, 1979
scale 4" = 1 mile

Figure 11. Society of American Foresters (SAF) Cover Types present at
LaRue-Pine Hills/~tter Pond (south part)
legend
Sugarberry-American elm-green ash White oak-black oak-northern red
(i!93) (if52)
Sweetgum-yellow poplar Silver maple-American elm/pin oak-sweetgum
(1'187) (/!62) (iI65)
White oak Yellow poplar-white oak-northern red oak/beech-sugar maple
({I531 (1'!59) (i160)
Post oak-blackjack oak/black oak Shortleaf pine/shortleaf pine-oak
( i!40) (i!110) (fI75) (ij76)
53
scale 1:24000
oak

Figure 12. Society of American Foresters (SAF) Cover Types present at
LaRue-Pine Hills/Otter Pond (north part)
legend
see Figure 11.
scale 1:24000

Figure 13. Kuchler Potential Natural Vegetation Types at LaRue-Pine ~ills/
Otter Pond (south part)
Elm-ash forest Beech-maple/mixed mesophytic/southern mixed forests
( 119 2) (1193) (1194) (11102)
Bluestem prairie/cedar glade
(1166) (1174)
Oak-hickory-pine forest
(11101)
Oak-hickory forest Northern floodplain forest/southern floodplain forest
(1191) (1189) (fl03)
scale 1:24000

legend
see Figure 13.
scale 1:24000

Figure 15. Natural communities in the south part of the LaRue-Pine ~ills/~tter
Pond Research Natural Area
-- legend
1. - Pond 2 - Shrub swamp 3 - Wet floodplain forest
4 - ~esic/wet-mesic floodplain forest 5 - Mesic upland forest
6 - Dry upland forest 7 - Dry-mesic upland forest
8 - Xeric upland forest 9 - Loess hil: prairie/limestone glade
scale 1:24000

Figure 16. Natural co&unities in the north part of the LaRue-Pine Hills/Otter
Pond Research Natural Area
1 - Pond 2 - Shrub swamp 3 - Wet floodplain forest
4 - Mesic/wet-mesic floodplain forest 5 - Mesic upland forest
6 - Dry upland forest 7 - Dry-mesic upland forest 8 - Xeric upland forest
9 - Loess hill prairie/limestone glade
scale 1:24000

USOA-FOReST 8CRVlCL PHOTOGRAPHER
Copy of nscs photo
1NITiAL DISTRI8UTION OF PRtNT8 AND FORM 1#00-1 t
0 w0 (I] RO DIV. FOREST DlSTRlCT PHOTQ~RAPQER 0.t.
DATE s~lb~t!?tzP
INSTRUCTlONSt Subrnlt to Wvrhln~ton Office in uadru IIcata Permsnent numbers will be assigned and the fomr will be distributed
os fellowat (1) Warhlngton Offlce, (2) RO or ~ + a % i i e sor t Center and (4) Photographer.
LOCATION
fi U.9. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973-730-157/208 3-1
F-12
CONCISE DESCRIPTION OF VIEW
vertical aerial view of the north
Research Natural Area

Figure 17. Copy of ASCS aerial photograph
taken in August, 1938 and
showing the north part of LaKue-
Pine Hills/Otter Pond Research
Natural Area; note old clearings
and trails in the bottomlands;
the slough represents an old
channel of the Big Muddy River
before capture by a Mississippi
River meander

PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD
(See FSM 1643,521

Figure 18. Copy of ASCS aerial photograph
taken in August, 1938 and
showing the south part of
LaRue-Pine Hillsl~tter Pond
Research Natural Area; note
old clearings and trails in
the bottomlands; natural glade
openings are visible (arrow)
on the bluffs, and the canopy
is more open on south slopes

OW0 URO UDIV. OFOREST @DISTRICT OPHOTO~RAPHER
0.t.
INSTRUCTIONSt Submit to Warhlnqton Offlca In uadru Iltate Permanent numbers will be assigned and the farms be distributed
oa follow*^ (I) Weshlnqton Offlc,, (2) RO sr ~ t a h i 3 ~ i e or s Center t and (4) Photographer.
* I
PCRMAN UNT CONCISE OESCRIPTION OF VIEW
vertical aerial view of the north
part of LaRue-Pine ~lills/Otter Pond
Research Natural Area
fi U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973-730-137/208 3-1 1 dnl)-1 fa
7

Figure 19. Copy of ASCS aerial photograph
taken August 22, 1980 and
showing the north part of
LaRue-Pine Hills/~tter Pond
Research Natural Area; the
wetland (obvious as a
meandering slough in LaRue
Swamp) represents a channel of
the Big Muddy River before
capture by a Mississippi River
meander

Fig.
USPA-FOREST sec~vlee PHOTOQRAPH~R Copy of ASCS photo DATE SUBMtTTEO
PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD
(See FSM 2643.52)
HEADQUARTERS UNfT LOCATtON
I I
lNITiAL DISTRIBUTION OF PRlNT8 AN0 PQRM 11100-lt
ORO 0 OIV. @ FOREST DISTRICT 0 PHOTO~RAP~ER CI~~.
I July 1987
INST RUCTlOtlSt Submit to Wvrhinqton Office In uadru /lcate Psrmqnent numbers will be assigned and thC fonn8 *ill be disttlbuted
oe lollowe: (1) Woshlngton Offtcr, (2) RO or ~+ah-;etst ot Center and (4) Pho+oprapher.
Q U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973-730-157/208 3-1
- nl

Figure 20. Copy of ASCS aerial photograph
taken August 22, 1980 and showing
the south part of LaRue-Pine Hillsj
Otter Pond Research Natural Area;
note the larger areas of open water
in the swamps due to timber kill
from beaver dams

USOAoCOffEST StftVfCz 1 PHOTOGRAPHER / DATE SUBM~TTED'
E. B. Trovillion
- ...
- I July, 1987
PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD
(See FSM 1643,52) I
lNlTlAL DfSTRlBUTtON OF PRINTS AN0 FORM l(100-1;
fi U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973-730-157/208 3-1
HEAOQUAR TERS UNIT 1, LOCAT~ON

PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD
(See FSM 2643,52) I
INITIAL DllTRllUTlON OF PRlNTI AM0 FORM 1100-f i
I M. D. Hutchison I July, 1987
1 HEADQUARTERS UNIT 1 LOCATION

Figure 21. Aerial view of LaRue-Pine ~ills/otter Pond Research
Natural Area looking south; sloughs and ponds are
in bottomland to right; Pine Hills bluffs are in
left part of photo
-photo by E. Be Trovillion, April 8, 1986
Figure 22. Aerial view of rugged terrain looking southenst
from Pine Hills bluffs at LaRue-Pine Hills/~tter
Pond Research Natural Area
-photo by M. D, Hutchison, Oct,, 1978

Fig
USOA°COf?EST L)LR'v'~C~ PHOTOGRAPHER DATE SUBMITTED
PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD
E. B. Trovillion (July, 1987
HEADQUARTERS UNIT 1 LQCATlQN
(See FSM 1643.52) I I
tN#TfAL D18TRll)UTlON O f PRINTS AN0 FORM $600-l t
0 w0 0 RO 0 DIV. 0 FOREST E DISTRICT PHOTOGRAPHER 0.t.
* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : (973-730-157/208 3-1

USOA-FOREST SERVICE
PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD
(See FSM 1643,521
PHOTOGRAPHER
DATE SUBMITTED'
M. D. Hutchison July, 1987
INIT1AC DIITRIBUTtON Of PRINT# AN0 FORM 1800-t t
0 wo RO QIV. @ FOREST C DISTRICT PHOTOGRAPHER D.1.
INSTRUCTlONft Submit ta W~shington Office In uadru lteate Permanent numbers will be assigned and thr forms will be distributed
cis follows: (1) Warhlngton Offlsl, (2) RO or ~ + a % f i a sor t Canter and (4) Phofogjrapher.
COCATlON
HEADQUARTERS UNIT LOCATION
CONCISE OESCRIPYION OF VIEW
Pond looking east at bluff showing
Q U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973-730-157/208 3-1 - - - '# s nn 9 t- /--a

Figure 23. Aerial view of soutfl part of LaRue-Pine ~ills/~tter
Pond Research Natural Area looking northeast; the
-north end of Wolf Lake is in lower right; Otter
Pond is left of center
-photo by E. B. Trovillion, April 8, 1986
Figure 24. Aerial view of LaRue-Pine Hills/~tter
Pond Research
Natural Area looking east at Pine H i l l s bluffs;
shortleaf pine stands are visible on slopes; note
chert gravel slopes below pines in center of photo
-photo by M. D. Hutchison, Jan., 1977

USCiA*FORES? SEffViCi!! 7PHOTOGRAPHER
- PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD
(See FSM 1643.52) 1
tNlT8AC Dl8TRlbUTION OF PRINT# AND FORM 1600-1t
Et U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973-730-157/208 3-1
1 M. D. Hutchison !July, 1987
I HEADOUARTERS UNIT 1 LOCATION
Ti'-'23

HEADQUARTERS UNfT
CI wO ORO DIV. @ FOREST C DISTRICT OPHOTOGRAPHER
D+
INSTRUCTIONSI Submit to Washington Office in uodru lleate Permanent numbers will be assigned and thr forma Will be dlttributed
CIS follows: (1) Weshlnpfon Offlsr, (I) RO or ~ t a ' f i d 3 ~ ; o sor t Center and (4) Photographer.
LOCATION
h U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973-730-157/208 3-1
CONCISE OESCRlPTION OF VIEW
limestone cliffs at LaRue-Pine Hills/
Otter Pond Research Natural Area
end BW for
1600-1 (0/67)

Figure 25. Bluffs at LaRue-Pine Hillslotter Pond Research
Natural Area; prairie glades can be seen above
cliffs; limestone is in thin, even beds, and
gullies are formed above the vertical joints
-photo by M. D. Hutchison, Aug., 1986
Figure 26. Close view of one of the prairie glades above
the limestone cliffs at LaRue-Pine HillslOtter
Pond Research Natural Area; note cherty gravel
-photo by M. D. Hutchison, July, 1977 .

INlTIAL DlSTAtDUTlON O f PRINTS AN0 FORM 1600-1 1
Sr U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFF1 tE : 1973-730- 157/208 3-1
T7 3C

PHOTOGR APHiC RECORD
(See FSM 1643.52)
Me D. Hutchison
HEADQUARTERS UNlT 1 LOtATtON
I I
I July, 1987
I I
tNtTl*L Dl#TRl BUflON OF PRlN T8 AN0 FORM 1600-1 t
WO RO OIV. @ FOREST C DISTRICT 0 PHOTOGRAPHER Oet.
INSTRUCTIONSI Submit to Washington Office In uadru llcata Permanent numbers will be assigned and th. forms be distributed
as followr: (1) Wsshlnqton Officr, (2) RO sr ~tah+m%est or Canter and (4) Photographer.
6 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973-730-157/208 3-1
l7 -3L

Figr~r~ 27. IIry-mesic forest in nc-rrtti partof
LaRue-Pine HilLs/Otter Pot~d Research
Natural Area: trees are black oaks
-photo by MI D. Hutchison, Nov., 1983
Figure 28. View of beaver dam in SE 114 of NW 1/4 of SPC, 21
at LaRue-Pine Hills/~tter Pond; note timber kill in beaver
pond; dam is across a gap in an old railroad grade
-~hoto bv M. D. Hutchison. June, 1986

USOA-FOREST SERVICE PHOTOGRAPHER DATE SUBM~TTEO
PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD
(See FSM 1643.52) 1
INITIAL DISTRlbUTlON Of PRINTS AND FORM 1000-18
$( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973-730-157/208 3-1
S. E. Harris I July, 1987
HEADQUARTERS UNtT 1 LOCATION
- -

PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD
(See FSM 2643.52)
WCTADQUARTERS UNtT
M, D, Hutchison ( July, 1987
I I
lN@T#AL DllTRtSUTION OF PRINT 8 AN0 FORM 1600-(1
0 WO a RO m DIV. a FOREST a DISTRICT PHOT~GRAPHER P.t.
INSTRUCTIONSt Submit te Woshinqton Qffie* In uadru llcate Permanent numbers will be assigned and thr formr will be distributed
as follows: (1) Werhtngton Offlsr, (1) RO or ~+ah+m;sr+ or Center and (4) Photographer.
* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973-730-157/208 3-1
rn qn
LOCATlON

Figure 29. Bailey Limestone cliffs at LaRue-Pine Hills/~tter
Pond Research Natural Area; road- in foreground is
on Big Muddy River levee at north edge of RNA
-photo by S. E. Harris, Oct., 1963
Figure 30. Road along base of bluffs at LaRue-Pine Hills/Otter
Pond Research Natural Area; level of water in swamp
(to left) has been raised by beaver dams and is flooding
the gravel road at this point; it is recommended that
this road be closed, but at present, it is left out of
the RNA boundaries -photo by M. D. Hutchison, Jan. 14, 1986

PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD
I (Sac FSM 1643,521
IN@fS*L Dl8TRIUUTlON OF PRINTS AN0 FORM 1600-11
* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973-730-157/208 3-1
S. E, Harris I July, 1987
HeAOQUARTERS UNIT LOCATION
- .-
1600-1 (8/67)

U$DA°COf?EST S@!RVlCL PHOTOGRAPHER DATE SUBMITT ED
PHQTOGRAPWC RECORD
(See FSM 1643.52)
INITIAL D18TR1~UTlON OF PRINTS AN0 FORM 8600-11
0 Yo RO DIV. FOREST DISTRICT 0 PHOTO~RAPHER 0.1.
fi U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973-730-157f208 3-1 . -
S. E, Harris / July, 1987
HEADQUARTERS UNtT LOCATION

Figure 31. Side view of upper cliffs at LaRue-Pine Hills/~tter
Pond Research Natural Area; these are of the Grassy
Knob Chert Formation, Devonian System
-photo by S. El Harris, Oct., 1963
Figure 32. View of falls over Bailey Limestone at LaRue-Pine
HillslOtter Pond Research Natural Area; note steep
grade of V-shaped valley
-photo by S. E. Harris, April, 1963

PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD
(See FSM 2643.52)
tNITllrL DIITRIBUTlON OF PRtNTS AN0 FORM %800-$1
M. D. Hutchison 1 July, 1987
HEADQUARTERS UNIT LOCATION
I

PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD
(See FSM 1643.52)
INITIAL DISTRl~UTlON OF PRfYTI AND FORM 1600-1t
INSTRUCTIOHS; Submit to Washington Qfflce In uodru llcate Permanent numbers will be assigned and the forms be cjlrtributed
oe fellars: (1) Warhlnpton Offlsr, (2) A0 .r ~ + a % d m i s s or + Center and (4) Photographer.
it U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973-730-157/208 3-1
M. D. Hutchison ( July, 1987
HEADQUARTERS UNIT LOCATION
Tf /. C

Figure 33. A small red damselfly, Telebasis byersi, is barely
visible in the center of this photograph; its only
Illinois location is at a spring at LaRue-Pine Hills/
Otter Pond Research Natural Area
-photo by M. D. Hutchison, Aug., 1986
Figure 34. Close view of limestone cliffs and
talus at base of bluff at LaRue-Pine Hills/
Otter Pond Research Natural Area
-photo by M. D. Hutchison, April 10, 1987

PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD
M, D, Hutchison I July, 1987
HELAOQUAR TERS UNIT 1 LOCATION
(See FSM 1643,521 1 I
0 W O RO @ FOREST C DISTRICT 0 PHOTOGRAPHER D.1.
SC U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973-730-157/208 3-1
.r, #-.

Figure 35. Staff personnel from the North Central Forest Experiment
Station, Minnesota; the Forestry Sciences Laboratory,
Carbondale, Illinois; the Shawnee National Forest,
Harrisburg, Illinois; The Nature Conservancy, Chicago,
Illinois; and the Natural Land Institute, Rockford,
Illinois examining a large tuliptree at the LaRue-Pine
HillslOtter Pond Research Natural Area
-photo by M. D. Hutchison, Feb. 10, 1989

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SIGNATURE ?AGE
for
RESEARCH NATURAL AREA ESTABLISHFIEXT RECORD
LaRue-Pine WillsfOtter Pond Research Natural Area
Shawnee National Forest
Union County, Illinois
The undersigned certify that all applicable land management
planning and environmental anelysis requirements have been
mepin arriving at this recommendation.
Prepared by Max D. Hutchison, Field Representative, Natural Land
Institute; Steven Olson, Technical Assistant, Katural
Land Institute; and Stanley Harris, Jr., Ph.D., Professor
Emeritus, Department of Geology, Southern Illinois
Recommended by Date J -// - 88
Recommended by ,ate -+,/ I 7,4?P
Recommended by Date 77.k~
Recommended b #4
, " .
- . * $ # * * ?
8 Date
Qonald C. Lindmiirk, S tatlon 3irector, North Centr~l Station
-
'a r' J,
2 .
r"

I certify that the enclosed boundary description of the LaRue Pine Hills /
Otter pond Research Natural Area was prepared under my direct supervision.
,IfC.5. 2997
Seal
d Af ~de- 2 -LB-9/
??orest Land Surveyor Date

TITLE PAGE
EstabLlshment Record for the LaRue-PIRE HallsiOtter Fond
Research Natural Wr-ea wxthln the Shawnee
National For-sst kJrnors County. Zll~nais

ESTABLISHMENT RECORD FOR THE LARUE-PINE HILLSlOTTER POND
RESEARCH NATURAL AREA WITHIN THE SHAMNEE NATIONAL FOREST
UNION COUNTY, ILLINOIS
INTRODUCTION
The LaRue-Pine Hill s/Otter Pond Research Natural Area
(RNA) is a 2,585-acre (1,046.6-hectare) tract owned by the
federal government and managed by the U. S. Forest Service,
Shawnee National Forest, It contains relatively undisturbed
natural community types, outstanding geological features,
and many rare plants and animals. There are four (4)
candidate Regional Forester's Sensitive Species known from
the area, 23 Shawnee National Forest Listed plants, and 29
Shawnee National Forest Listed animals recorded from the
area.
It is a part of the LaRue-Pine Hills Ecological Natural
Area identified by the Illinois Natural Areas Inventory
(1978) as being of significance because of its eight (8)
high to very high quality natural communities, its
outstanding exposure of Bailey Limestone, and the presence
of: 37 Illinois rare, Threatened, or Endangered plant and
animal species (see Appendix 111). The area contains more
plant species than any other site of comparable size in the
Midwest,
Eleven (11) Society of Amerlcan Foresters (SAF) cover
types are present in the LaRue-Pine Hills/Otter Pond
Research Natural Area, Six of these, SAF Types 40, 52, 59,
60, 65, and 87, are listed as needed in the RNA system
(Shawnee National Forest, Land and Resource Management Plan,
1986)" There are nine (9) Kuchler potential natural
vegetation types. At least 14 natural communities as
defined by the Illinois Natural Areas Inventory (INAI) in
1978 are present, There are several variants and small
stands with dominants different from those listed by SAF and
Kuchler.
The area includes a portion of the Mississippi River
bottomlands and the uplands adjacent to it. The bluffs
bordering the Mississippi Valley rise 300 to 480 feet (91 -4
to 146.3 meters) above the floodplain. The area drains
southward and westward into the Mississippi River- The
bedrock is of Devonian age limestones. The upland part of
the RNA is within the Southern Section of the Ozark Natural
Division. The bett~mland part is within the Southern
Section of the Lower Mississippi River Bottomlands Natural
Division (Schwegman, 1973). The RNA 1s within the Salem
Plateau Section of the Ozark Plateaus Physiographic Province
(Figure 6).
The Public Land Survey surveyors, describing this
region in 1810, noted the "poor stony bluffs" on the uplands

and the "swamps" and "wet level bottom land" on the
floodplain. "Lakes" (Otter Pond and Wolf Lake) were
described and mapped in the south part of the area. Pines
were mentioned on the bluffs. Most of the upland timber was
"oak and hickory." Trees were relatively small, and brush
was common.
Permanent settlers first arrived in this part of Union
County in 11325. Many made their homes in the hills and
farmed in the river bottoms during the spring and summer,
The timber industry became important in the late
180OYs, and several sawmills were located in and near the
RNA, A railroad spur crossed the bottomland to load logs at
the bluffs east of LaRue, There are still sections of the
old grade visible (Figure 28)- Timber was selectively cut
over most of the area prior to 1930, but the steep rocky
slopes had little timber of high quality, and these sites
were never severely disturbed.
Materfowl hunting was a major activity j.n the LaRue
vicinity during the period 1920-1965, and some of the
bottomland was acquired by hunting clubs. Dams were
constructed to maintain water Levels in the.swamps for ducks
during drought years (Figure 28). -
In 1938, beavers were released by the U. S, Forest
Service and Illinois Department of Conservation xn the LaRua
Swamp. Their dams have in recent years created large open
ponds in depressions that were formerly forested swamps.
Because of the rugged terrain and thin rocky soils, the
upland part of the RNA has never been suitable for
agricultural use, On the ridge crests and rocky
south-facing slopes, trees grow slowly and are of poor form
and qua1 i t y for lumber - The bottomland has been more
disturbed, and old clearings are recognizable on 1938 aerial
photographs. The original bottom timber was bf better
quality for lumber than that on the hills, and logging has
disturbed most of that part of the RNU, although none has
occurred within the last SO years. This part has never
been suitable for agricultural use because of its wetness
and lack of drainage,
i
The RNA was first noted as a significant natural area
in the 1880's (Forbes, 1881).. Since that time, zt has been
recognized by the scientific community as one of the most
valuable ecological research areas in the Midwest (see
reference list), Many universities currently use the area,
particularly for geological and ecological research sgudies
and outdoor educational progrqms. 14-11 wer-o; gL vkde:~ddc--- $ f'e?-$s
to use SE MU w;II )Or teg~eiiedq
The RNA was in private ownership prior to its 7Ju*e191
acquisition by the federal government to become a part of
the Shawnee National Forest. Most of the property was
krslur$ wkr.- 'lic&kea becwi Q--'Y~L~A. ,t.r3gL

acquired in the 1930's; one tr-act (east of Wolf La!.%? at the
south end) was acquired in 1974.
The LaRcte Swamp area was deslqnated as a Botarl~eal [ires
In 1939 by the Forest Servlee. T h ~ s fdeslgnatlon H ~ S soon
changed to "Seer?~c Area" to comply w l t h Forest Servlce
classzf icatlon standards, In 1970, the area rceexved a new
tltle, LaRue-Plne Hxlls Ecological Area, n class~f~catr~:,n
then unlque in the Forest Servrce nlanayeirler? t cede ( Shawnee
National Forest, LaRue-Pine M l l l s Ecological Area Managsrnent
Plan, 1970).
It7 1974, the area Mas recommended for RflU designa tiorl.
It received a deferred recommendation by the Research Br-anch
of the Forest Service pending acquisitzon of property to the
south, the Otter Pond tract (this property was acquired in
1974)-
During the Illinois bfatural Areas Inventory of 1976-78,
the area Wac, determined to be one of the most diverse and
significant natural areas remaining in Illinois (White,
1978; see Uppendix 111)-
Research Natural Area designation o-F the LaFtue Swariip--Pine
Hills--Otter Pond area was reconlmended in reports pr-epared
by the Illir?ois hlature Preserves Cornmission (k4utchison,
1.980) and the I1 linois Department of Conser-va tion (west,
1380) in 1980, Ir? 1981, Dr. George R:ink of the Forestry
Sciences Labor-atory in Carbor~dale, i r pr-epar-ed artd
submitted an "Evaluation of Potential Research Ma tural At--eas
in SOU ther-n 1 llir~ois. I' In his report, Dr. T!ir?Cc r.ecorrimerlds
that tt-tie 2,090-acre (846.2-hectars) Pine Wills/Otter' Pond
USFS Ecological Area be designated as an RNU (Rink, 1.981).
LAND MUNUGEE.IEN'T PLAbJNING
The LaRue-Pine Hills/Otter Pond rla tur-a1 arka 1s
recoinmended for designation as a research rlat~~ral area ~n
the Land and Resource Managefnent Plart, Shawnee P4ational
Forest, approved November 24, 1'386 (see SPIF, Forest Plan,
LV-3, Special Feature Manaqement) - The envlr-onnierltal
analysis as a part '3f the planning process .=,upports Lhe
reeornmenratior? to establish the RNCI (SfcIF, Final EIS, 2-66,
Identification and Management of Special Featur-es) , It; IS
currently being protected under Management Prescription 8.2.
QB JEC r IVES
The objectives of establishing the LaRue-Pine
Wills/Otter Pond Research Natural Urea are to:
1) preserve pristine forest, grassland, and qeoloyical
natural situations for r-esearch, study, observation,

monltorinq, arrd educational actxvitles that maintain
unmodlfred conditions,
2) preserve and rnaintain genetic dxversi ty,
3) protect against serious environmental disruptions,
4) serve as reference area for the study t ~ f
succession,
5) provide onsite and extension educational
activl tles,
6) .zer\,/e as baseline area for- moasur-1 ng lortg- term
ecological changes,
7) serve as &ontrol area for manipulative resear-ch,
8) monitor effects of resour-ce management techniques
and practices.
JUSTIFICATION
The LaRue-Pine Hills/Otter Pond Research Natural Ar-ca
is one of the outstandi.ng natural areas in the Mid~est
(Quarterrnan and Powell, 1978; Zachry and Dale, 1979;
Mohlenbrock, 1987)- In ranklnqs of significatlce of natural
areas in Illinois (using criteria such as natural qnalj ty,
diversity, uniqueness, size, rare species and cofnnlurlity
types, geological significance, and value for rosear ct~) ,
this area is at, or near- the top of every list that has been
developed.
The area is within the largest contiguous forest reglor1
left in Illinois.. It closely resembles ~.ts presckllernent
character and reflects little die, turbance from agr,icu 1.ture
or cxmber harvest. Many of the forest

Candidate Regional. For'ester 's Serlsi tive Species kl-!own
-from the ar-e'3 are f)~-i~fi?
's gr-0un~AnUt !!?,P.:~..G.S. ~"c..i.'~'~.a.'~2.~
7
CJsrkansas manna qr-ass G . . . . 3 . . ? 7 Pale nlarlna grass
( P.u.c=.c.i..n.e.l.L-$..a. @-a..l,l..i..d"2.) , a nd i a n t sedge ( C.3.r.e.x~ q.i..g.a.rt..Lg.a.) - fin
additional 23 Shawnee National Forest Listed plants, and 29
SNF Listed animals are here, including the entire Illinois
population of the eastern k~oodrat (N.e.o.t.or11.a. f3..3^.o.t-,lci~..~-~.l.
The area is an important refuge for migrating birds
along the Mississippi Flyway. Many warblers can be observed
here during the spring and fall seasons.
The LaRue-Pine Mills/Otter Pond RP4A 1s a large area
(compared wrth other natural areas r-ecoynized in the
Midwestern states) and is wall buffered with rslatively
natural forest land at most points along ~ t boundaries.
s
It 1s the most diverse area in Illinois with 14 natural
communitier, eight of which are of high to very high quallty
(Appendix 111)- There are upland and lowland forest
communities, ponds, sprlngs, caves, cliffs, glades, and hrll
prairies (Mohlenbrock, 1985; Appendix 1)- Plant species of
the eastern forest grow next to those typical of the Qzar-k:~
to the west, and northern species of the prairies rner;.t tl~ose
characteristic of the southern swarnps (Mot~lenbt-ock and
Voigt, 1964)" Over 1,150 species of vascular plants, 35% of
all species known to occur in Illinois, have been collected
in the area (Mohlenbrock, 1985; Wppendix I), The forests
include SAF cover types 40, 52, 59, 60, 65, and 87 that are
listed as needed in the RMA system (Shawnee National Forest,
Land and Resource Management Plan 1986).
The physlcal and biological relationst~rps are tln~yue,
The wetlands of a major rrver valley are cont~guous to the
valley bluffs, essentially uninterrupted by ct~l tural
disturbance, Although a graveled road zs along the base of
the bluff nn the north part t3f the at-ea, rt 15 11Ltf.e
traveled and rcs cloc,ecl part of the year. In the youth half
of the RPIA, there rs no cultural- sopar~tlon betweon the
bluffs and swamps. 1 his 1s an Important dttrr'~bute of the
area, as highways, railways, Leveed streams, Farn~land,
and/or pastures nearly everywhere dr~rczfe bo t toor land fro111
upland sites- Upland and lowland forest comrnunlties, ponds,
sprrngs, caves, cliffs, glades, and hill przlrles are rn
close proxlmlty (Fxgures 15 and 16).
The area is particularly valuable because it is so well
known to ecologists throughout the country, There are
dozens of publications based on research conducted here over-
the last century, The great drversity ar7d high natural
quality af the area have ~ttracted visitors 05 many
backgrounds: screntists for observation and r2search; Field
excursions - local, national, internat~onal - in f3cc>logy,
botany, zoology, 1 imncslogy, geology, soxls, ancl For estry;
and laymen t~ enjoy the scenery and beauty of r\atur-c&-'&
&)J@ b*t.,!z)cck~- % fi, /Z*hJ $ LS 7 4-e iqgi

Thrs RpIA zs suxtable for research, de3manstratron7
and/or learning experience opportun1t1ec,, Ccnclxtxorsc, are
ideal for research on prairie-for-esl sucsessxonzl ar~d
interface questions, f er studies of rock wec3Lh~?r lng -3nd
pedaloglcal research deperlderlt upon the presettlemcnt
quality of the site, for studies of habitat requirements o-i'
rare and relic speeles, for studies of relationsh~ps between
water level changes and biotic populations, and fur studies
of vegetatsonal history and geography of plant and anifrial
species migratzons-
-===- -
PRINGIPb.fL DISTINGUISHING FEKTIJFTES -
The LaRue-Pine Hi lIc,/Otter Pond Research Natut-a1 Wea
includes a part of the Mississippi River floodplain and its
adjacent valley wall. It is at the very eastern edge of the
Ozark Plateaus Physiographic Province.
The area is characterized by bottornlland forest%, open
ponds, shallow swamps, high bli.rff~, wlth sheer cliffs cf
limestone, and rugged forested upland. The wetland ~ncludss
a part o-F the former meanclering course cf the Bsg Muddy
Ri.ver befor-e i, t was ~rrtersected, and its upper course @as
captured, by a meander bend'of the Mxssissippi Rlver.
Groundwater enters the wstland from spr ings along the
base of the bluffs. These sprrngc, help maintain t\~at;et- zrb
the swamps dc~ring drouqht periods, Beaver dams also help
maintain water in the swamps.
The crevices of the Lxmestone extend k ~ e l l below the
floodplain level. Caverns exist below the water level that
are open enough to support a population of spring cavefish.
Small terrestrzal caverns oc:cur xn the fic,sures along the
clxff Face, Pleistocene and Recent sediments aver 200 feet
(30 meters) thick lie beneath the floodplain, so the exposed
cliffs were once much higt-va-- and groundtidater circulation
more r-apid during the "deep stage(s)" of the Mississippi
Valley,
Otter Pond has a dsep center area rimmed by dense
submergent growth and a thick growth of SLddrnp 1~:oseftrife
(D.ec~d.~n !e~r..t,i.c..i4.l.a..ta.)- The ~wafnps have arecxs of cp~fi water
with law levels partially maintained by beaver. Trees ir'i
the swamps and the adjacent f locdplain forests include
pumpkin ash (F.r.~.x..i..n.u,s. K-~m.e..~.~,os.~,),
s i 1 ve r [nap 1 e ( Q. - ~..~.cc.~..~.,r.i,.n~m) , oaks ( Q.~.e.~.c.!&..s and
a- f..a.l.cata ~~a.g.~.iJaeLq.l.i.,a.I , and hickories ( Ca.r.y.a. 9.v.aZ.a and (2.-
.....,-... laciniosa). - ........ .A-. "....* ......... ' ..... .... .
red [naplo (AG.??..~. L:Y~~.L~.!I?.),
~.~.J_;~..%t.r-~..z.
The high 11nlestone bluf Fs are prornlncn tly lointcd
vertically lnto towerrng columns. Many plants have
ec,labllc,hed themselves ~n the ~olnts and beddlng planes and
lilhere silts ~~ash&d from above have been u.auyht. Small

glades ar-id Loess hill prairies can be seen or7 the tops of
many of the vertical colurrtns. The ms~st cotnmon species here
are little bluestent (U.n.d.r.o.~.o.~-~.~. ..~.i..... side-oats
9 r a nl a ( Bo.~...t.e.L~~.u.a. GL!.-c.~,.~&-G-E.~.~..~.s. 1 .
The dry and xeric upland forests ot-i the r-idges and
upper slopes have post (Q.u.g.rcz~.~ c,..L,.G.L.~.z..L.z.~.) black oak rQ.=
i/,.%.~.."-~.k.r.t3.)
8 and native stands 04: short leaf pine ~.f?,,i..~~.u,.~.
ee..h.Ln~l..G.a) - Fa r k 1 ebe t- r Y ( V.a.2.c-1. ..~..i..u.m. . . . . . . . . . 1 i a comfno n
understory shrub, and there is a groundcover of poverty oat
s ras ( D-a,n,t~-n_l..a. %.~..lc.a..&.a.
1 -
The dry and mesic upland forests are dominated by white
oak . a.X.!Q.a), oak ($2. - . . sugar fnaple (C~.G.@.K.
c,.3..c.~..~.;l..c_~.m.) , beet h . g..~~.n-~..i..~.o.lk.~.~ , a nci ve f 1 ow POP f a r
( L-1. ..r..l."~.d-@-0"d~.9..~. $-u..&.-i.Q-i..f-~.~.~ ) - Understory tr-ees and shrubs
i nc 1 ude redbud . . c=;3.'n.~.d.@..~.s;..~..z.)
3 f 1 ewer i n9 doswood
( Gs.r..~~.s. . . . . . . . . , a nd sp i cebu s h ( .~.,i..rcl.d..e..~..~. b.c..~.zz q.k.nn. . ~ ~
herbaceous layer has a very diverse spring ephemeral flora,
€ 3
Two Federally Endar~gered Species ar-e prasent. The
occlJrrence of the Indiana bat . . . . . . . . . 173s recently
been docume n ted , and ba 1 d eag 1 es ( ~.-taa.ll..l..a.s,~.~.cn..~.
are frequent &inter visitors, There are four Candidate
Regional Forester's Sensitive Species and 52 Shawnee
National For-est Listed Species known to occur here.
:l.c.i_r.~.~~~.ee.rz.hh.a..J-..u..
This unlque natural area provides oppor tuni ties -For
research, education and enjoyment of nabure. "The roads
skirt the area so as to make available to the casual visitor
the natural beauty and the scenery of the Mississippi Rivet-
Valley and its bluffs. A t the same Lime, the RNU remains
protected for future educational and research purposes,
LOCU'TION
The LaRue-Pxne Wills/Otter Pond Research I'!atur-i3I Urea
1s on the Jonesboro Ranger Bbstric t of the Shab~rtee t4a t1r~na.l
Forest- It is ir-i the northwestern corner of Urilon County,
Illlnois in the extreme southwestern tip of tllinols
(Fxgures 2 and 3). The site 1s centered at 37" 33VIorttl
latitude and 8'3" 26' Mest longxtude- The RPW s an T, 11
S,, R. 3 W, of the 3rd P. M., sections 4, 9, 10, 15, 16, 21,
22, 27, 28, 33, and 34 (Figures 4 and 5)- Upprcx~mately
2,585 acres ( L ,046.6 hectares) are lncluded wxthin the
boundaries, Elevation ranges from 350 feet t.106,"7 meters)
above mean sea level in the swamp where Runnlrly Lake Ditch
exlts the area to over 840 feet (256 rrleters) between
Government Rock and McCee Mill, A 140-acre (56.7-hectare)
tract in section 28, owned by Southern Illinois University,
1s an lnholding wxthin the RMA boundaries (it 1s e:tcluded
from the 2,585-acre area) (Figures 4 and 5)-

1
LaRue Pine Hills Rk?A boupdary desciption
Beginning at the quarter corner to sections 28 and 33, Township 11 South, Range
3 West, thence;
West along the section line to sections 28 and 33 to the east right-of-way line
of the Missouri Pacific Railroad, thence;
Northwest along the east right-of-way line of the Missouri Pacific Railroad to
the intersection with the section line to sections 21 and 28, thence;
Continuing northwest along said right-of-way line in section 21 to the south
bank of Running Lake Ditch, thence;
Northeasterly along said south bank to the south sixteenth line of section 21,
thence ;
- - -- -
East along south sixteenth line of section 21 to the southwest sixteenth corner
of section 21, thence;
North along the west sixteenth line of section 21 to the northwest sixteenth
corner of section 21, thence;
West along the north sixteenth section 21 to the intersection with the east
right-of-way line of the Missouri Pacific Railroad, thence;
North along said right-of-way line to the north line of section 16, thence;
Northwesterly along said right-of-way line to th6 intersection with west line
of section 9, thence;
North along the west line of section 9 to the south edge of County Road No.2 at
Big Muddy River levee, thence;
Northeasterly along the south edge of County Road No. 2 to its intersection
with Forest Road No. 345 and across road to the east edge of said road, thence;
Northerly along the east edge of Forest Road No, 345 to the south sixteenth
line of section 4, thence;
East along the south sixteenth line of section 4 to the southeast sixteenth
corner of section 4, thence;
North along east sixteenth of section 4 to the west edge of Forest Road No.
236, thence;
Southerly along the west edge of Forest Road No. 236 through sections 4, 9, 10,
15, 16, 21, 22, ind 27 to the north line of section 34, thence;
West along section line to the quarter corner to sections 27 and 34, thence;
South along north-south quarter line to the center-north sixteenth corner of
section 34, thence;

f
West along the north sixteenth line of section 34 to the north sixteenth corner
to sections 33 and 34, thence;
North along the section line to a point 1018 feet south of the corner to
sections 27-28-33-34, thence;
N 77 48' W, 230.00 feet, thence; N 66 16' W, 375.00 feet, thence;
N 10 41' W, 47.00 feet, thence; N 10 38' E, 195.00 feet, thence; S 22 09' W,
235.00 feet, thence; N 70 06' W, 225.00 feet, thence;
-
West to the east bank of Wolf Lake, thence;
Southwesterly along the east bank of Wolf Lake to the north sixteenth line of
section 33, thence;
West across Wolf Lake on the north sixteenth line of section 33 to the center
north sixteenth corner of section 33, thence;
North along the north-south quarter line of section 33 to the point of
beginning,
Excluding: The right-of-way of Forest Raod No. 345 through sections 9, 16, and
21. Also excluding;
A 140 acre tract in section 28 owned by Southern Illinois University beginning
at the quarter corner to sections 21 and 28, thence east on the north line of
section 28 to the east sixteenth corner to sections 21 and 28. thence south on
the east sixteenth line of section 28 to a point 14.28 chains north of the east
sixteenth corner to sections 28 and 33 , thence southwesterly to a point on the
north-south quarter line of section 28 being 5.72 chains north of the south
quarter corner of section 28, thence north along the north-south quarter line
to the point of beginning.
Net acreage being approximately 2585 acres,.
The area is about 3.5 miles (5.6 kilometers) southeast ot the village of
Grand Tower, Illinois. Access is from IL Route 3 (one mile west of the RNA),
via Union County Road #2 on the levee of the Big Muddy River. Forest Road ~ 345
runs along the base of the bluff and crosses the swamp near the village site of
LaRue. Forest Service Road # 236 runs the length of the Pine Hills ridge on
the upland.

AREA @Y COVER TYPES
The LaRue-Pit~s tiills/Ot ter- Pond F?e'";earst~ PJa tural Area
1% mostly forested. The foll~t.~lng are SfiF and ikllet- PPjV
cover types represented wx thin the RNA:
......... SAF '" ..... -.. "."-.... Cover .-,-.. -.. .- Types . .."." .......... (Figures 11 and 12)
Post oak-blackjack oak (SAF 840) is a type listed as
needed in the RNA system- It occurs at Pit-~e t.{illcs along the
tops and upper slopes of the dry t-idges.. Bl;sck.:jack oak
(R.u..e.r.~u.s. ma.r..L..la,n.d.i"c.a.) is codofninant with pn~~t oak7 and bl~tk
oak and pignut hickory (G.g.~.~.g, g._l.zl.kr.a.) are also common.
White oak--black oah-northherri red oak (SAF H.52) ir a
type listed as needed in the RNA sy:stem. It OGGUY^S on fnarly
of the slopes on t.he east side of the r-*idge at; middle
elevations. The most cornmon trees are white cmk, red oak,
black oak, shagbark hickory,
... tomentosa) " ............ " .............. ..--........... ". .
and mocker-nut hiclqot-y (C.g.t.:.,y.3.
Gdhite oak (SAF tS.53) is a type that or,cur.c, at high
clevatians on the slopes of the east side and qr-ades int.o
the previous type.
red oak , and bi t t ~
Other species present include black
nt u f7ickory ( C;.a.r,hf.a. c.2.r-.d..t.f.~l_m,.i..s.) .
Yellaa poplar.--~,\jhii:e oak-northern t-ed oak (SAF %59) js a
type 1i.sted as needed in the RNA system. It occurs at Pj nc
W i l l s on the slopes belold SAF #52 or\ the east side o-F the
r-idge . Black oak, 5huma1-d oak. . . . . . . . : . . ? and
mockernu t hickory are also common,
Beech-sugar maple (SUF #60) is a type L icstecj ; 3 ~ needed
in the RNA system, At Pine Hills, this type occurcs in the
deep ravines, mainiy in the east and .=;outh parts 'c.)f the
area. Sugar- rnap'lc; dominates these

Pin oak-sttleetgum (SAF #65) 1s a type 1 ~ ~ t eas d needed
in the RN& system. 'In the LaRue S~~amp and around Otter
Pond, this type zs wldespr-ead and cammon. Pln oak 1s
damsnant, WIG~ cherrybark oak be~ng sr?rsc=tnd zn abut.~dancc,
Sl.de@ tgum ( L,,.,~.~;lu.l..rJa~~>k;:%.r. %-l;.x~..~.c,r2-1,.~.~8.)
I. s occas i. anal .
Shortfeaf p'irte (SUF 875) and shortleaf pine-oak ISAF
#7h) are types that occur in the Pine Hills mostly on wost-
and southwest-facrng exposures at high elevations, The
scattered pure stands of pine are small, mostly less than
five acres (2 hectare^). The dominant tree 1s fr-equerrtly
blackjack oak, wlCh some post oak and plynut hrckory.
Sweetgunt-yellow poplar (SAT 887) is a type lrsted as
needed in the RNA systenl. It: occurs ~n the area along the
lower reaches of several ephemeral streams on the east side
of the ridge,
Sugarberry-American elm-greert ash. (Sf?lF tt93) is a type
found 1r-1 the LsRue ~wanl~ forming an interrupted strip just
above the high water level of the bsaver porlcl~,.. Urner-ican
e 1 m and pump kt i n ash
sites-
. . . . . ,~.o.nc3..~..&.a.s~.~ clom i rja te these
Black oak (SAF #110) is a very cofnrnon type on the
uplands at Pine t-iills. It grades uidely lnto SHF 840, artd
also into SAF H52 and SAF #59,
SAF # NHME ACRES HECTWRES
...........................................................
40 post oak-blackjack oak and
110 black oak
52 white oak-black oak-northern red oak
53 white oak
59 yellow poplar-whi te oak-not-ther-n red
oak
60 beech-sugar maple
62 silver maple-American elm
05 pin oak-sweetgum
76 shcrtlcaf pine-oak
87 sweetgum-yellow poplar 20 8-1
93 sugarberry-Umerican elm-green ash 770 311-7

I........... Ki~cttler '"I.-..-.." ....- - .-.,. "..""~- Potential.
-.-...-..-*. ".-..-.~ ........... " . ...*.-.-..-"..............'.................... P4at~ur--aI ..".."**--'..-. Vegctatior\ ...... Types (Figures 13 and
1.1.1.1 .................I-..... ............ .-..- ...........
14)
Types #66 (bluestem prairie) and 87.1, (cedar glade)
occur on the high steep slopes above the west-facrny
limestone cliffs faces. These types ~ntergra~je tadely ,
depending on the prevalence of redcedars at a yrven srCe,
Northern f Zoodplain forest f M-83), elm-ash I K-32), and
southern floodplain forest (K-103) occur ~n the bottonllands
at LaRue Swamp. The elm-ash forest IS an the low r rdges,
and on Lhe hrghest of these rxdyes, may ~ntergrade wlth
oak-hickory forest (I

NATURUI- COMMUNITY HCRES FiECTURES
_----____--_---__-------------------------------------------
--_--_---__--_----------------------------------------------
xeric upland forest 35 14.2
dry upland forest
dry-mesic upland forest
mesic upland forest
mesic floodplain forest and
wet-mesic floodplain forest
wet floodplain forest 120 48.6
Loess hill prairie and
limestone glade
limestone cliff --- - -- ,.*
shrub swamp
pond
PHYSICAL UND CL-IMATIC CONDITIONS
The LaRue bottomland consists of a segment of the
Mississippi River floodplain about 4.2 mller: (6.8
kilometers) dlstant from the river at the foot of the vr311ey
wall (Figure 21). It is now separated fr-om tl-re Bly Mucici'/
River by an artificial levee, and the RNA part no longer
recelves the occasional backwater' f looding that probably
occurred in presettlement t~mes. (Fxgt-lre 9 1. The swnfnpy
portions occupy the former channel of the Rsq Plucldy River
"beheaded" by the intersection of 3 Mississippi River
meander bend (Figure 21).
The Prne Hills bluffs form part of the I'ilrsssssippl
Valley wall . The crest is a v9ry rlnrrow dlv~de w~ th
r-eticulate patterns of spurs to the east and west. Hlgt?
cliffs truncate many of the westward sloping spurs il.'igur-es
4 and 5).
The general elevation of the floodplain is
approximately 350 feet (106.7 meters) above mean sea level.
High points on the ridge exceed 840 feet (256 insters), and
most of the ridge is above 700 feet (213.4 meters).
Slope gradients in the Pine f-{ills are steep, commonly
exceeding 60 degrees in valley heads. Waterway gr-adients
have a typical sine curve, though the shorter valleys do not
flatten out. Some valleys are interrupted 3t the top of the
Bailey Limestone by cascades or waterfalls (Figur-e 32).

Waterway dcnsxty 1s very hlgh ~n the h~lls, Virtually
the entire upland area 1s sloplnq wrth ~ e r y narrow d~vides
(Figure 22).
Draxrlage is generally poor rn LaRue Sb~arrlp. The sbdamp
consists of t k d ~ canvergrng dra.rnages: the 1-aHue Swamp south
of the Big Muddy River levee draxning to the south; and Wolf
Lake, Otter Porrd and the far southern part of LaRue Swanlp
flokcring narthkdard. These converge and empty rnko Running
Lake Ditch in the sczuthwest quarter of section 21- T L.JO
additronal outlets are: on the west llne of sectJon 16 and
on the south lane of sectnon 21, both along the ra~lroad
tracks [Figures 4 and 5)-
Climatological znformation rs taken tr-om the
c=ollection station at Anna which has records dating -From
1951, It is 10 rnlles (16-1 kilometers) to the southeast-, of
the RNH. The following description is copied from the z~.j.$
S.&!..C~.E~~X , lC.1_11ing-i.s. C 1 3 7 9 ) :
of. U.n-l..o.~ ".... j.;.o.u.n..G~.
Unlon County is cold rn winter but aerier-ally
hot in sufrimer, Wlnter preclpr tatlorl, whscft
frequently occurs as snow, results 1 n a good
accumulation nT so11 moisture by spr-zny snd
m~nln'tizes drouyhg during surnrcler on rnost; so~l-5.
~ h & number of days between the average date
of the last freezing tempsrature 1r1 the spring an3
the average date of the fxrst f reezlng temper a ture in the fall is between 182 and 214.
In winter the average temperature 1s 36
degrees F (3 degrees C), and the avorage dally
rnrnimum temperattlre 1s 2 7 ~ degrees F (-3 clegreec,
6) . The lowest temperature on racord, ~ ~ h i c h
occurred at Anna on January 24, 2'36.1, ~s -3-2
degrees F (-24.4 degrees C). In 5t.lmmcr the
average tempcrattlre 1s 77 degrees, and the average
daily maximum temperature zs 98 degrees F" (31.1
degrees C). The highest recorded ternper-a tur-e ;
whxch occurred on July 28, 1952, is 107 d~gr$es F
(41-6 degrees C),
Of the total 46 ~nchec, (116-8 cer~t~meter-S)
annual preclpl CaLron, 25 znches 163,5
eentxmeters) , or 54 percerlt, usually falls 1.rt
April through September. In two years O I J ~
(3f ten,
the rarnfall rn April through September ~s less
than 20 rnches (50.8 centimeters). The heaviest
one-day rainfall durj.ng the perrod of i-ecord was
5.4 rnches (13.7 centln~eters) at Anna on March '3,
1964.
Uverage seasonal snowfall 1s 13 inche~ (33
centrmeters), The greatest snow depth at any one
txme was 14 xnches (35.5 centrmeters), Qn the
average, slx days have at least orte rrich (2.5
centimeters) of snow on the ground, but the number
of such days varles greatly from year to year-.

T F-~e average rcfatlvs hu~nldi ty xn
ty I s
mxd-a? tern~on -I s about; 60 psrcer?t. ttum~di
hgher at night, and the average at dawn rs .$bout
80 percent, The percer~tage 3 r)oc,s~blc 5+ur~sl.~~rte
3,s 75 rn sumnlcr and 50 In winter. The prevaxl xng
w~ r~d zs from the southwest, Average b~~ndspeed 1s
highest, 11 miles per- hour (17 kmpl?), ~ r March,
l
Tor rladoes and severe thunder s torrn~ orcurocea~ronal
ly , These storms are t~sual ty Ic3c:al '3r7d
of short duratiorl and cause darnage zr? 'An err-at.1~
pat tern.
The microcli matic paLterns are s s m lar ~ to those
thr-ougt~ou t: the more hx I iy pi.,)rtror~s of the Zt-':awf\~3~? Fore2 t ,
yet here they are exaggerated by the sLeepness of sli3pe and
relxef af ttle ar-ea.
T'tte t~pogr-~?phy provides sxgr~if icant (-.ontr-cltst,~ x n
orienta tion, The sou LIT-f acxng slopes have th~n soi 1s and
extensxve areas of scree slopes. In suminer tl-ley are hat and
dry, and it3 wlnter diurnal ternperL2 tur e c;xxnqes cause
f recquent freeze- thaw. Thin 5011, ut?stable ?lope%, clever-e
micr-oclimates, and relatrvely low moisture a\m~l~3b1Ii ty
durmg the gr-owlng season result In r-eiat~vely spar-SE
vege tation adap bed to dr-y and xeric condl t ions,
situations on the cliffs are even more severe.
Exposed
North-facxng slopes are protected from ths sever-1 ty of
the summer ~n~~latior~, and In winterr exp~?r~ef?~e a rn~r-c
moderate d~urnal temperature change, The Loess cover
rernarnc,. prov~dlrtg a better
reservo] r . The vegetation 2.5
roc~t medlufn 2nd ~ O LLure S
theref ore, mor-e aburldant, and
more mesic. The valley bottom and lower sjope \,jegetdat3on
f lourxsh even more. t'lore moderate tempera tl-rrr; cklangos and
better mozstur-e r-etentzon is clear1.v reflected In the
vegetation.
The south ha1.f of the area includes eastward tr'rrlding
s~alieys, Microclimates are less extrernc? ~n tt710r=,e
orientations.
DESCRI PT 1OF.I OF VALUES
LaRue-Pxne t-illls/Otter- Pond is the most, bo tanlcal ly
drverse area rn Illlno~s, and one of the most dlverse ~n the
continental United States for zts slze ihppendix 111;
Mohlenbrock, 1385). t-lore than 1,150 specxes of vascu Lar
plants are known from thls sxte (Mohlenbrock, 1385; Appendzx
I), It; recelves lnf luences from the western praxr-~es and
the Ozar kc,, from the easter-n declduaus f ort-)st and the (;u 1 f
Coastal Plain, and LC has glacial rolrcts frem the nortll.

The uplands have a mosaic of plant c=ontmur?itiec, k ~ith
dotninan ts determined primarily by diff er-er~ces in aspect; and
locatior~ on the slopes, The ravrnes and lower- slopes have
sugar maple, beech, red oak, and tulxptree (ye2lok~ popl-ar).
Pawpaw, spicebush, and hydrangea are ommor? understory
species, Groundcover species are Virgirua creeper, polson
ivy, and ferns, such as Christmas fern and glade fern
( ~~A"~YLA.u.% PV"G-D.QCS..~-&~Q 1 . Characteristic spring ephemeral s
are violets W.i.ol-a SPP.), trilliums (Z~..l-l.~Ll.urn. ~PP.), and
Jacob ' 1 adder ( Ps-1.em.~-r!Lurn r_e_p,.tam)
On the upper south-facing slopes, white oak and black
oak are dominant trees with post oak important 1
Hickories (G.a.rh!.a. ova.l;..l.-s., C.. 9.L.a.b-~.zl., and C.. ova..&a) are comfnon
-
and widespread, Hophornbeam and f lowering dogwood are
common understory shrubs, Steep slopes have shrubby
thickets of blackjack oak with little leaf litter or
groundcover on the cherty gravels,
On the ridge tops, black oak and white oak are
codominants, but there is considerable local variation in
species composition. Large beeches and sugar maples arc not
rare, and cucumbertrees ~M.~~no,I2-a~ ~su.m.l..~~.al;.ia.l occur scattered
on the slopes as well as on the ridge tops. Shadbush,
f arkleberry, and greenbriers are common in the understory.
Scattered patches of azaleas occur on the upper portions of
South-facing slopes, Pussytoes and di ttany are indicator
herbs of the drier sites on the ridges,
On the highest, most open ridge crests, there are small
patches of grasses and forbs, including little bluestem,
poverty oat grass, asters (.fl,g.tg,- spp. ) , flowering spurge
~E.u.~hg-~.kl-a. caro.l..l.a-tC~), woodland sunflower (H.g.l...l,.a.n-t..hus.
.i.E..&" tick trefoils (P"esmm.~.d..i.~..% sPP-), and kx"Jsh
clovers (L~e.~~~~e~.g,.zzzzza.
spp . ) . Where assemblage$ of such species
occur in natural canopy gaps, these are probably remnants of
prairie or barrens communities that were more extensive in
presettlement times,
North-facing slopes are more mesic and genet-ally have
taller trees. Beech, sugar maple, and tuliptree (yellow
poplar) occur all the way to the tops of ridges, and form a
much denser canopy than the forests on the zouth slopes.
Xher mesic forest trees include basswood, blackgum (N.lyg.s"a,
. . v
and Kentucky coffeetree (.G.Y~~.~.Q..G-&..~..~..~.s
c;J..l..oo..~..c='u.s")"
Most understory shrubs and groundcover species typical of
the ravines are found on the north-facing slopes as well.
The limestone cliffs have shrubs and herbaceous species
growing in crevices and along their upper edges (Figu're 34).
Alumroot, Drummond7s goldenrod, and poverty oat grass occur
here, and vines, especially Virginia creeper, are common.
Redcedar ( .J..~"D.~.~.@~..~-~ c,..i..~.~nLma3+) grows on the I.tarrow 1 edges
along the bluff top.

The springs along the base of the bluff have
lizardp%-tail, False loosestrife, many sedges, and
watercress (Nl2"zku~-L%-ua offici-rial.%-%.).
&long the escarpment l~dhere spur ridges terntinate in
west- and southwest-facing aspects above the cliffs, there
are glades with assemblages of prairie species (Figures 24,
25, 26). These sites are dry with cherty gravels exposed,
The openings are bordered with shrubby blackjack oak, post
oak, and chinkapin oak, The glades are dominated by
grasses, especially little bluestem, Indian grass
. nuL.aE), and side-oats grams. Forbs inc2.ude
goldenrods, cleft phlox (.EQ.l-o-x . * . " flow@ring 3purxge,
false boneset (Ku-h.n-i-a . g . . ~ . ~ . . and . . ~ white prairie
clover ( Pe..~a~f,~.&._e_m.u.m ~9.rtd.i-d.u..m) . UPS lope f ram the glades are
oak thickets with little groundcover, Also on the spur
ridges above the cliffs are scattering stands of shortleaf
pine, These sites have an understory of farkleberry and
greenbriers.
The mesic and wet-mesic forests on the law ridges have
cherrybark oak, kingnut hickory, sweetgum, and green ash,
with red maple, sassafras, and slippery elm rn the
understory. In the better stands, the canopy trees are.
often mare than 24 inches (61 centimeters) in diameter- at
breast height (dbh).
The swamps have mostly shallow water, and nrany of the
trees that were along the edges are now dead and have fallen
(due partly to higher water levels maintained by beaver dams
in recent years), creating a more open aquatic comn~unity.
There are dense thickets of buttonbush, swamp loosestrife,
and Virginia willow along the waters edge. Areas with
fluctuating water levels have red maple, swamp cottonwood,
and pumpkin ash. Black wif low, pin oak, and honey locust
( ~j~.~?d.A-~z-l.i3
.t;.r..i..ac.a.n-b.~s-
1 a r e l
0 ca 1 1 Y comm 0 n - Hsrbaceaus
species include arrow arum, lizard's-tail, copper iris (J.r.Ir*.g
fulva), and many sedges,
Deep water ponds are bordered by bu ttonbush and
Virginia willow. They are covered with duckweeds, mosquito
f e r n ( Q..~-o&.&-i. m.e?c_.i.ca-ca.) , a nd PO nge P 1 a n t ( Ll.m.~.o.h..i.~.rn
during the late summer season.
sP.o.~g..i.a')
No Federally Enaangered or Threatened plant species are
known from this area. Four Candidate Regional Forester's
Sensitive Species have been reported: Price's groundnut,
Urkansas manna grass, pale manna grass, and giant sedge
(Appendix IV), Twenty-three Shawnee National Forest Listed
Species are also known from the area (Appendix IV),
The great diversity of natural communities within a
relatively small area is the primary reason so many kinds of

animals occur here, S t is important to the survival of many
species that the swamps are immediately adjacent to the
bluffs. Animals move back and forth between the bluffs and
swamps; some daily, and others seasonally. In a ranking of
quality based on the uniqueness of fishes and habxtats by
the Xllinois Natura History Survsy, the LaRue Swamp and
Otter Pond area rated among the best in the state. Many
species occur here because of the clear cool. water.
It iis also important that rnuch of the area reflects
little disturbance. There are no signif icar~t barriers to
of animals, either from the wetlands to the
--
rom the Flag& crests to the eastern slopes.
Although a gravel road runs at the base of the bluffs for
more than half the length of the area, it is not heavily
traveled, and is closed seasonally to allow safe migration
of reptiles and amphibians (Figure 30). filong the
escarpment from the north end of Wolf Lake to the north end
of Otter Pond, there are no artificial barriers (such as
roads, railroads, utility lines. etc.) between the bottom
land and the upland ridge. Certain large birds and mammals,
such as the wild turkey (Mgl.g.ag.~-Ls gaJ,.lg~a~.g) and the bobcat
(key-'& LQJ~S) occur here because of the rugged terrain with
few roads or other human intrusions*
fipproximately 90 percent of the mammal species which
occur in southern Illinois can be found at Pine Wills
(Klimstra, 1969)" These include: s h r e w 5 ( BZa~1.n.a.
bx-~x.i..,.au~.. and Crveto_t.A..s ~z!..r__v-a.); eight species of bats
(including C.X.Q&.~~-Z so.da.bb.a. and C~.~.~.~Q.~.YGL-~..K.~P E.Q.~&.~~~.~.~~..Q.S.) ;
the swamp rabbit (~~x..l,.y.&-J..&quq a.gga"k.i..c.u..s.); squirrels (2,s ..h!..Kki. %
,~,j.g.er and -S. ~,~~~-~.jt.en-~~.~.z..);
the golden mouse (Qc..h..c-Q.~Q?.!.S
.""..."l-.-*_Y"........C.....".".a nuttallii); the eastern woodrat (Neot~.z.a fl.qr._i..dana); foxes
( V.!!..&p-g.z. ful~a. a nd U..rro_ccyon c_ll,.~e.~.~.9~~..~~9%~~.Ltlte.~~~.
) ; t he m i n k
(M-u~.&~g~L&.a. g..&,e,~fi.); and the white-tailed deer (Qg.~.~-.um~~
1 -
YA.*C%QA~BA%.
Many birds are known from the area, and m'igrating
waterfowl are plentiful in the swamps in the spring ar~d
fall. About 175 species of birds have been seen in the area
i ncludi ng the wood duc k ( s.p"o.g.a.) , the red-shou ldered
hawk (B,u.teo. l..i-te-%t.u-s) . the pi 1 eated woodpecker ( D..cxo_c.e.~uz
, and the wild turkey (Melea%c.l-s. g.~-A-~..o~-a.vo.) .
~i-Le_at=.)
Thirty-f ive species of repti? es have been observed
here. Many are dependant on the protection and special
habitats provided by the swamps, spring, and bluffs. Water
snakes ,-A. sPP-), including the cottonmauth
Q P . . 1 , a r €3 c l3-I 0 n - The tirrtbsr
rattlesnake (Q~~A-aJ-uu%. Dnk.duus.) , and copperhead (/-lq~.i.zLc.~.don.
c-~ntortri~) are common on the uplands.
turtles in the swamps,
There are many
Springs provide habitat for such amphibians as the cave
salamander (Ey-~yce.9, &-u,~iiift"&j_g_aa) and long-tailed salamander (5..

lon~i6auda).
.....-.-.--......-... The green frog (Ra.na G . ? . green
treefrog (Ij,y-l.-a gi&.g~qa"), and bit-d-voiced treefrog (ti..
&~llg,cg) are species that are abundant i
thickets bordering the ponds,
r ~ the buttonbush
agas"sA.zr..i.. ) c c u r s i n
the springs at the base o-? the bluffs. The bantam sunfish
e ) is found in the swamp. The bluehead
shiner (~q.t;_t;rg~~i~~" h.gQ-Q.2-i) was collected at Wolf Lake in 1973,
and may still occur there.
-f he s p r i n 9 c a v e f 1 h ( E~~Io~;~.s-L~L
Invertebrates known from Pine H i l l s also reflect the
distinctiveness of the area. Unusual 3peciss include an
endemic scud (G-~rn.maru..~ tlli-nk;,) , a dwarf crayf ish (Carn.b.,arr~-1..~-us
A " " . . L . ? "-cory>ionf lies R e . . k . . . .%RK~P..~. *L~..b.9.~.,
and " * . . . ~ ~ i ' . and . " butterflies (&G~&.Y.SG~_:".~."L"G~"
caa$-~.na? Aut;oc"kt-ofi c~.l.~us, and @-t..l..&es haAas.u-s.). ?A small
damselfly s . " .x'Li.. occx"Jrs at one of the springs-
This is the only Illinois site for thie, species, and the
next nearest localities are several hundred miles away, in
Florida.
The Federally Endangered Indiana hat is known Lo occur
in the. area, and bald eagles are frequent inigrants and
winter visitors, Twenty-nine Shawnee National Forest Listed
animal species are known from the area-. Another six
Candidate Regional For-ester's Sensitive anirnal species are
reported from the area, (See Uppendix XI for available
species lists of animals)..
The bedrock of the Pine H i l l s is siliceous limestone
and chert divided into two formations of Devonian age. The
Bailey Formation is the lower unit which composes the
prominent cliffs seen along the base of the valley wall,
Overlying the Bailey is the Grassy Knob Formation which is
entirely chert as seen at the surface (Figure 6).
The Bailey Formation extends along the base of the Pine
W i l l s for its entire length. It farms high cliffs at the
beveled ridges between the steep tributary valleys- The
limestone is composed of irregular, wavy beds one to three
inches (2.5 to 7.6 centimeters) thxck, Somewhat more shaly
layers interrupt the massive appearance of the cliffs. The
rock is very light gray to buff; some layers are mottled.
Though generally described as limestone, it is very
siliceous. Rocks from some layers bubble furiousLy when
immersed in hydrochloric acid, but still retain their
original volume after the limestone has been dissolved, The
remaining material is granular quartz si1 t. Other beds
contain more calcium carbonate, but leave a residual
skeleton of chert. Some beds appear to be microcrystalline
chert which has replaced the original limestone. Somewhat
"flattened" nodular chert masses and also dense, white

novaculite beds are common at some horizons. Mhsre seen on
the bedding surfaces, the nodules make a "pattern"
distinctive of the Bailey Formation,
Even more prominent are the vertical joints which
divide the cliff face into high columns, Solution and
spalling of rock proceeds more rapidly at the joints so as
to form reentrants and cavities. Many plants have
established themselves in the joints and shaly zones or
where silt washed from above has been caught,
The Grassy Knob Formation is not readily noticed when
looking at the bluffs from below. It is the Grassy Knob
b~hich forms the rnodest cliffs at the lookouts along the
ridge road. X t is the bedrock beneath the upper portion of
the Pine Hills, As Seen in exposures,, it is rusty red or
orange in color and honeycombed. The rock is entirely
chert, a finely crystalline silica which is stained with
iron oxide during weathering. Broken surfacec, are nearly
white, Ulang much of the outcrop, the Grassy Knob is not
particularly resistant. However, discontinuous cliffs up to
20 feet (6.1 meters) high are present, and locally resistant
ledges occur at various elevations,
The rack was originally limestone, but it has been
completely altered. Original bedding planes are distorted
or ob2 i tera ted. Brecciation took place during solution
causing irregular collapse. The remaining rock was replaced
by silica. Cherty bedrock possesses considerable strength
and resistance to mass wasting. This foundation is the
cause of the steep slopes, Most of the outcrop is veneered
with loess or loose chert scree,
Loess of Pleistocene age mantles the ridge crest to a
depth of more than 15 feet (4.6 meters), The loess is
mostly quartz silt. Nt a depth of severill feet, original
carbonate grains and fossil pulmonate snail shells are
present. Secondary irregular concretionary carbonate
masses, "loess kindchen", have formed f rom the leachate of
carbonates from the overlying zones, Goncretlons are found
on the surface in places, but no deep cut on the upland has
been seen where an undisturbed section might be visrble.
The loess is much eroded and is completely removed from
some slopes. It is important as a rooting medium, even
where it is largely wash. or redeposited in the waterways or
at the base of slopes. Most of the silt in the LaRue Swamp
has been derived from the upland loess.
Mounds Gravel once covered the upland, although it was
mostly eroded before the deposition of the loess. Scattered
chert cobbles and pebbles have been found rn a number of
headwaters of the steep water courses, These cobbles are
brown with smooth surf aces containing rounded impact
fractures. Concave irregularities preserve a glossy patina*

They have significance only in the interpretation o.f the
geomorphic history -
As far as is known, the character of: the sediments
beneath the LaRue wetland has not bem exarnrned, Analogy
can be rnade From studies made in nearly all parts sf the
Mississippi floodplain. Surficial material% are cnainly fine
grained silts, Organic matter is high in the swampy
portions, Clays and sand are present as the result of
backwater deposition, Sediment Fill is probably about 100
feet (303 meters) thick beneath the wetlands, though as
much as 200 feet (61, meters) is present south of Grand
Tower, Wells drilled in Oakwood Bottoms are most
suggestive. Sand and gravel make up most of the section
below 20 feet (6.1 meters), These are of late Pleistocetle
origin, but have been reworked during Recent times,
The active geomorphic processes are c=tominantly those
related to surface water, weathering, and mas? wasting.
Groundwater is of great importance through its springs and
its influence on bottom land water levels and vegetation.
The steep character of the bluffs is due to the
strength of the bedrock, its ability to maintain cliffs and
steep slopes, and its resistance to erosion. For xts ontire
length, the ridge crest is less than a half mile (0.8
kilometers) from the valley floor, resulting in steep
gradients- The ridge crest is very narrow with slopes as
steep on the east as on the west. The widest spots are at
junctions with spur ridges,
The Pine Hills bluff is dissected into an abternatlon
of ravines and spurs. When descending a ravine, the footing
is dificult but the surroundings are interesting. From the
crest, steep amphi thea ter-like forms develop with a rounded
cross section and a floor of silt and organic matter.
Downslope runoff is concentrated into ravines with V-shaped
cross sections. A t this point, chert. blocks may appear, and
the bounding slopes are very steep, Waterways descend
steeply into a discantinous channel of gullies and cascades-
It is striking that channel dissection becomes pronounced at
the junction of two first order ravines. Belolr~ this point,
large chert blocks and finer gravels fill the channel.
As one follows the channel downward, bedrock appears as
a series of cascades and ledges along the slopes. This
marks the top of the Bailey Limestone, The largest ravines
widen and have a flat floor, still with a rather steep
gradient- Several large depositional alluvial fans occur at
the junction with the Mississippi Valley bottoms, A number
of lesser valleys have falls 15 to 20 feet (4-6 to 6-1
meters) high which drop over the Bailey Limestone.
The spurs between ravines are 1
ikewise interesting,
The loess cover extends along them for some distance from

the main crest. The crest2 of m o s t spurs slope gradually
downward, then nose steeply dowrlward. A t the nose, rock
fragments and exposed bedrock appear. This 1s the zone
where the native pines grow most abundantly,
A similar change in gradient and depth OF loess occurs
on the slopes o?: the spurs. Loess is thickest and the
gradient is less steep near the main ridge cresl, On many
steep slopes, loess is thin or absent, having been eroded
away. Grassy Knob chert has disintegrated into angular
fragments of gravel and sand size, Where these lie at about
the angle of repose, the surface is very unstable, and loose
material is continually sliding and rolling downslope,
However, landslides appear to be rare,
On west-trending spurs, the south-facing and
north-facing slopes show striking contrast in substrate and
vegetation. Sou th-f acing slopes are subject to greater
diurnal temperature changes and greater evaporation in all
seasons. In summer, the prevailing southwesterly breezes
are also a factor.
Erosion on the sou th-f acing slopes is parLicularly
severe in winter and spring, Freezing and thawing cause
heaving of the silty loess, This lifts the surface silts
during freezing and drops them downhill during thawing.
Particles rest loosely and become subjected to rain impact
and slope wash. Once chert is exposed, it is subject to
rapid fracturing by freezing of moisture in the rock and
along partings. Loose particles and fragrnet-its are a3.so
subject to gravity sliding when wet or impacted by the
weight of a falling branch or a passing animal,
Erosion is less rapid on north-facing slopes where
loess is generally still present, although some scree slopes
can be found with this orientation, Freezing and thawing is
much less frequent during winter, and moic,ture is retained
longer during the summer, Vegetation clearly reflects. these
more favorable conditions,
A t the base of the bluff, several large and small
springs occur. Their source is not obvious, for the Pine
W i l l s do not contain sinkholes. Sinkholes ate prmec,ent alonq
Hutchins Creek and its tributaries which parallel Pine Hi 11 c,
on the east. Since the elevation of' "chat drainage is
considerably higher that-, the Mississippi Valley floodplain,
it is quite p~ssible that groundwater flows westward beneath
Pine Hills- The largest springs have continued to flow even
in the severest droughts on record,
The spring orifices are all at floodplain level, and no
caverns have been discovered at a higher level. The healthy
c,pri.ng cavef ish population sugggsts that large openings of
considerable capaci ty exist beneath the upland. These
caverns probably formed or b~ere g reatly enlarged during the

"deep stages" of the Mississippi Valley.
The L-aRue kdetland is characterized by the winding form
of the swamp. The swamp represents the meanderi-ng course of
the Big Muddy River before it ~ac, intersected by the Grand
Tower meander bend of the Hississrppi River. The natural
gradient of the swamp was from north to south. Several
control structures modify the f 1 ow today,
No thorough study has yet been made of the
geomorphology of the floodplain of the valley in this
vicinity- It is a project which should be soon undertaken.
Prior to levee construction, backwater from Mississippi
River floods must have regularly entered the LaRue wetlands
and provided both sediments and nutrients,
The LaRue wetland must be a very young yeomorphic
feature- The Big Muddy has been a Yazoo-type tributary of
the Mississippi River since the early or mid-Recent period.
Harris (1977) has shown that the Big Muddy did not reach the
old meander bend of the Mississippi River above the entrance
to Fountain Bluff gap. It hugged the Illinois bluffs as far
as the meander in Union County Refuge. The Grand Tobder
meander probably intersected the Big Muddy channel wrthin
the last 2,000 years. Ut high water, the old channel a
continues to carry considerable flow,
The Pine Hills bluffs have a much more ancient history
which cannot; be discussed here in detail, The ancient
Mississippi Valley must have occupied approximately this
position long before the Pleistocene Epoch. It may have
been superposed onto the very cherty and resistant bedrock
of the area from a veneer of Coastal Plain depositss. The
valley has been repeatedly eroded and partially filled as
the Pleistocene glaciers waxed and waned, Throughout its
history, the river channel impinged against one side of its
valley wall and then the other.
In the reach bettdeen Grand Tower and Cape Grrardeau,
the resistant racks tended to form cliffs which, however,
were interrupted by short, steep ravines. Us the river-
undercut the vhlley sides, the valley gradual :y widened and
spurs between ravines were truncated. Thus, the Mississippi
River occupiec, a trench-like valley wxth straight valley
walls.
References: W. E- Cote, D. L. Reinertsen, and G. M. Wilson,
-*--~'..."&...'.".'*-".-,
1965. Guide leaflet for the geological science field
trip to the Ulto Pass area, Jackson and Union counties,
Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana. 19 pages,
S. E. Harris, Jr., C. W. Morrell, and D, Irwin, 1977.
Exploring the land and rocks of southern Illinois, a

geological guide, Southern Illinois University Press,
Carbondale, 240 pages.
~-o_.,f~ (Figures 7 through 10)
The humid temperate climate of the region has favored
the rapid weathering of soil materials and the downward
movement of clays and minerals in the profile. Much of the
annual precipitation occurs during short intense storms
creating severe erosion potential,
The soils in the bottomlands are mapped as the
Karnak-Darwin-Jacob association. These are level and poorly
to very poorly drained soils formed in the clayey alluvial
sediments. They have poor potential for most urban,
residential, or recreational uses because of the potential
for overflow, and their high clay content, Each has severe
limitatians for bui3.dings and roads because of their low
strength, their wetness, their tendency to shrink and swell,
and their susceptibility to frost action,
The soils over most of the hi1l.s along the Mississippi
River floodplain in this area are mapped as the Goss-Alford
association. These are steep to very steep, well drained
soils formed in material weathered from cherty Pimestone and
in loess, The steep slopes, severe e'rosion hazard, and
cherty, clayey subsoil l i m i t the use of this association.
Goss soils occur on middle and lower slopes and in coves,
They have a very cherty silt loam surface. Alford soils
occur on the upper slopes and on the ridges, They have
chert in the subsoil, Water moves through Goss at a
moderate rapid rate and through Alford at a moderately rate.
Surface runoff is very rapid. Hlford soils have severe
limitations for buildings and roads because of the slope,
low strength, and frost action, Organic matter is low, and
fertility is law in Goss and medium in Ulford, Both are
acidic.
...-.-..--.,.-- Reference: "-.-." ..-.... C. C, Miles, et al. 1979, Soil survey of Union
County, Illinois. Soil Conservation Service and Forest
Service, in cooperation with the Illinois Agrict~ltural
ExperimerlC Station, Urbana, Illinois,
maps.
143 pages plus
411 of the RNA is federal land acquired by the tl, 5.
Forest Service as a part of the Shawnee National Forest,
The RNA boundaries are drawn on the attached maps (Figures 4
- 10) and dec,cribed to exclude Forest Service Road 8345 and
the Southern Illinois University 140-acre (56.7-hectare)
tract in section 28. There are outstanding minerkl r-ights
on 1,888 acres (764-4 hectares). According to Appendix E of
the Shawnee National Forest, Final Environmental Impact
Statement, Land and Resource Management Plan (1986), there

is no coal, and the potentia? for fluorite, lead, zinc, nil
and gas is low. 4hortld axplmaC~o,,Id.(~~/dp~el(
OF ~LCrn~Cjbn
-or, UoJr aC,'rrr%ar will bz c oopd,hp/+JfdpMleef 41.~4 ~~~~~~ * 443
cu_u.uL~L-~-e*~..tx~~
of M*S.~@A
Archaeological sites probably occur within the RNU (as
other river bluffs in the vicinity have graves and evidence
of Indian use), but little archaeological "~urvey work has
been completed. According to tradition, Government Rook, a
high point along the bluff, was a Federal lookout post for
observation of the Mississippi River durirlg the Civrl War.
Near the north end sf Otter Pond, there 1s an old lane and
part of the foundation of a building that was used by
Southern Illinoic, University as a field station 11-1 the
1960'~~ Faint evidence exits of old roadways ascend~ng at;
feast two valleys on the west side of the hills, and in a
few locations where trails once crossed, These have now
mostly reverted to forest and have no significant effect an
the natural' character of the area,. There is a small pioneer
cemetery in the woods east of the road near Winter's Pond.
There are a few small graveled sites along the ridge road at
the extreme eastern edge of the area where cars may pull off
to park. There is a small picnic area at Winter's Pond. An
elevation benchmark is at Government Rock, The levee of the
Big Muddy River was built in part from fi1.Y taken from a
site in, the swamp. This borrow activity deepened a natural
wetland to )Winter's Pond (Figurer 4
s h4d 4~44 bsen rsmcvrd.
reg*p*Afc /raAaqm rnvo-d d Y w,+-AA~*
IMPACTS UND POSSTBLE CONFLICTS
The Shawnee National Forest's Land and Resource
Management Plan (1986) contains standards and guidelines for
the management and protection of special areas, including
the proposed research na tural areas ., These standards and
guidelines provide the basis for conCliet resolution.
Mineral rights are outstanding on 1,888 act-es (764,4
hectares) of the LaRue-Pine WiPls/Otter Pond region,
Potential for fluorite, lead, zinc, gas, and oil is low, and
no coal is in the area, according to the Final Environmental
Impact Statement of the Shawnee National Forest Land and
Resource Management Plan (1986)-
This area has never been grazed under Federal
ownership, and is not presently under range allotment.
There is no demand or need for grazing land in the vicinity,
and the area is unsuitable for livec~tock use, The 8.2
management prescription expressly prohibits grazing.

A11 of the potential research natural areas identified
in the SNF Land and Resource Management Plan (2986) Here
considered inappropriate for timber production. These lands
were not included in the Shawnee National Forest timber
, base. Consequently, no additional withdrawals w i l l be
required. Cbae4-c-l C-,f 1-d, O Q-C*~\- &A++# 65 ' 7 L r 1491
The designation of this area as an RNA ~ 4 1 1 1 maintain
the watershed in a minimal erosional condition, and thus
protect the water quality of recipient streams and rivers.
An ad joining private landowner ha.s recently (1986) reported
that beaver on the RNA are flooding a small area of
cropland. Designation of this area as an RNA has no effect
on this situation,
The primary recreational uses of this area are hiking,
hunting, and sightseeing. There are no Gcnok~n cultural
features that are in conflict with the protection and
management of the RMU- There are ssvsn scenic overlooks on
the west side of the ridgetop road. Each of the pulloffs is
less than one half acre (0.2 hectat-es) in size, These
provide excellent views of the Mississippi Valley- A f e ~
established recreational trails are also present, 7 he
Inspiration Point Trail is included in the National
Recreational Trail System, These short trails are well
maintained and are frequently used by visitors, Few
visitors leave the upland trails and pulloffs because of the
rugged terrain of this area, A picnic area is at Winter's
Pond, but it is quite small, about ne ere (0.4 hectares)
in size. &&; T kA ar r k~ be*& C A ~ - M U ~ C X ~ ~ - $ ~ ~ , $ ~ C , ~ S
Tka area wtll be a 11dwdt6 reueprfA fiehmf$'I .A&,$
Some waterfowl hunting occurs during the fall season in
the swamp, and there is some trapping of Turbearers. An
occasional fisherman uses Wolf Lake and Otter Pond, Thero
have been very few use conflicts involving hunter-s or
fishermen in the past,
Prctection of the area as an RNA helps to preserve
habitats for all wildlife and plant species native to the
site, Some maintenance is required to keep woody invasion
from eliminating some of the glade and prairie communities.
Prescribed burning and hand removal of woody shrubs invading
the natural openings is permitted to preserve the native
herbaceous flora, Such should not cause any significant
impact or result in any conflict k~ith other uses in the
vicinity. It is possible that some control of beaver
P C M ~ Q ~ ~

populations may be necessary if future flooding levels
threaten significant plant or animal habitats.
Wilderness Values
This area is not within any existing wilderness, nor is
it within any site proposed for further study for wilderness
designation. The Clear Springs wilderness study area is
immediately to the east across FS Road 8236, and north of FS
Road tt279. Designation of the LaRue-Pine Hills Otter Pond
area as an RNA enhances the value of the adjacent area.
Transportation plans
There is no known interest in developing roads or
trails in the RNA. The current system is adequate for
management, care, and use of the area. FS Road #345 is
closed seasonally to allow migration of reptiles and
amphibians to and from hibernacula at the base of the bluffs
(Figures 4 and 5). This road should eventually be closed
(except to management staff), and its right of way added to
the RNA,
MANAGEMENT PRESCRIPTION
The primary objective. of the LaRue-Pine Hills/Otter
Pond Natural Area management is to protect and maintain its
natural character, i .e., to preserve the area from unnatural
disturbance.
The purpose of management is to provide an area to
illustrate and typify for research and educational purposes
some of the important forest, wetland, prairie, glade, and
geologic types characteristic of the Midwest, as well as
other plant communities and features that have special and
unique ch
Prescribed burning and hand removal of small trees and
shrubs are permitted to help control the invasion of woody
vegetation into the naturally open areas. The tendency of
natural openings in the Midwest to succeed to forest w i l l
result in the disappearance o glade and prairie communities
without fire or the replication of other natural control
measures that kept them open in presettlement times. A
regular schedule of burning w i l l be developed as results are
monitored. Some control of water levels maintained by
beavers in the bottom land may be necessary if rare plant
species are threatened or if conflicts with adjoining
landowners become serious
*q+
~f;/ide
rcscr~hgG
t
w/*// boapgrwed+ /4e /ci;rzd\5uFe/~~p
dcue+J /-+ -4 -44 cufY+A +de
&4& ~tieAr.

ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS AND PROTECTION
The proposed LaRue Pine WillslOtter Pond Research
Natural Area is administered from the Jonesboro Ranger
District of the Shawnee National Forest, The contact person
responsible For this area is:
Jonesboro District Ranger
Shawnee National Forest
521 N, Main
Jonesboro, IL 62952
The research coordinator is:
Director
North Central Forest Experiment Station
1992 Folwell Uve,
St, Paul, MN 55108
The research data file is maintained by the North
Central Forest Experiment Station, and the Shawnee tdational
Forest Headquarters, Harrisburg, Illinois 62946. T he
Natural Heritage Division of the Illinois Department of
Conservation, 524 S. 2nd Street, Springfield, Illinois
62706, also maintains a file on this natural ar-@a. Most
specimens that have been collected in this area, both
botanical and zoological, are housed in the collections at
Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.
The RNA boundaries should be marked with signs to
indicate its presence and clearly mark its location.

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Vascular plant species known from the LaRue-Pine Hills/
Otter Pond area (list is copied from:
R, W, f"lof11enbrock. 1985. Vascular flora of the
LaRue-Pine W i l l s area of soutf~ertl Illinois. Journal
of the Southern Illinois Native Plant Society,
Erigenia 5 : 5-24. )
Equise turn arvense I*.
Equfsetum hyemale L, var. afffne
(Engelm.) A. A. Eaton
Eqtjisetwn laevigatum A, Br.
Equisetum Xf e rrissii Clute
SELACINELLACEAE
Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spreng. SALVIN I ACEAE
OPHIOCLOSSACEAE Azolla mexicana Pres 1
Rotrychium dissec tum Spreng. var.
diesec tum
Botrychium dissectan Spreng. var.
obliquum (Efuhl. ) Clute
Botrpchlunr biternatum (Sav.)
Undem .
Botrychium vir~inianum (L.) Sw,
Ophio~lonsurn vul~atum L. var.
pseudopodum (Blake) Farw.
Ophioglossm engelmannii Pran t l
POLYE'ODI ACEAE
Adlantum pedatum (Toutn.) L.
P teridium aquilinum (L. ) Kuhn
var, latiusculum (Desv.
Underw .
Pe llaea a tropurpurea (L. ) Link
Cheilanthee feei bore
Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) D.
C, E ~tcn
Polypodium vir~inianum (L.)
Ea ton
Polypodium polypodiof des (L, 1
Watt vat. michauxianum Weatherby
Polvstichum acrostichoides
(Michx. ) Sthott
Onoclea sensibilis L.
The lyp teris hexagonoptera
(Michx.) Weatherby
Drvopteris carthusian~ (Villars)
f1.P. Fuchs
Drynpteris intennedi a (Muhl. )
Gray
Dryopteris marginalis (L. ) Grav
Athgrium pycnocarpon (Spren~.) Tidestrom
Athvri urn thelvpterioides (Mfchx. ) Desv.
Athyrium anqustum (Willd.) Presl
Athyrium asplenioidea Hichx.
Asp lenlt~m rhi tophy ll~m L.
Asplenium pinnatf fidtrm Ntttt.
Asplenium Xgravesii Mnxon
Asp lenium Xkentuckiense McCoy
Asp lenium 'Xherb-wagneri Taylor d Mohlenbr
Asplenium bradleyf D.C. Eaton
Asplenium Xebenoides R.R, Scott
Asplenium trichomanes L.
Asplenium resiliens Kuntze
Asp leni um platynetiron (L. ) Oakes
Woodsia obtrrsn 'Torr.
Cyatopteris bt~lbifera (L.) Bernh.
Cys topteris f ragi 1is (L.) Bernh. ver, fragili~
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. vat, protrcea
Weatherby *
Cys top teris Xtennesseensis Shaver
PZNACEa
Pin- eehinata Mill.
TAXODI ACEAE
Taxodium dtstichtm (L.) Rich.
CUPRESSACEAE
Juniperus virginiana L.
Typha latifolia L.
SPARGAN I ACEAE
Sparganitm chlorocarprm Rydb.
Sparganittm nndroe ladum (Engel m. ) Morong
Spar~aniurn eurycarpum Engelm.
Potnmogeton €01 iosits Raf .
Pntamogeton pusillus L.
Potamgeton diversi folius Raf.
Potamogeton nodosus Poir.
ALI SfiZACEAE
Echinodorrts bert~roi (Spren ,. ) Faasett var,
lanceolatun (Wats. b Cottlt. ) Fassett
Echinodorus cordifolitls (t.) Griseb.
Sagittarla calycina Engelm.
Sn~i t tart a rigida P ursh
SngI ttaria lon~frostra (Mieheli) J.G. Sm.
Sa~fttaria latifolia Willd.
Alisma stibcordatum Raf.
Limnobium spongia (Bosc) Steud.

POAGEAE
~razh~el~f~um ercctum (Schreb4 ) Beauv.
Brornua tectorum L.
biGs-rrh~nbq :armricana Reaw. var. obovata GI.
Didifaria aanguinalia (L. ) Scop .
Bromtur secalinus L. Digitaria iachaemvm (Schreb.) Huhl.
Bromus racemsus L. Eriochloa contraeta Witchcock
Brornua comtttatus Schrad, Pa~palum fluit~ns (Ell.) Kunth
Bromua japonicus Thunb. Paapalm pubiflortmt Rupr, var. glabrum (Vasey)
Bromua inemis Leyss.
Bromua pubeacens Muhl.
Vasev
Paspalm laeve Hichx.
Bromua ciliatue L. P~spalm ciliatifolim Hichx,
Vulpia octof lora (Walt.) Rydb. var, octo- P R R P bu~fhii ~ ~ ~ Haah
flora Panictm dicho tomi f lorm EUchx.
Vulpf a octof lora (Walt. ) Rydb, var. tenella Panictun flexile (Gattfngcr) Scrfbn*
(Wflld.) Fern. Panictm philadelphicum Bernh.
Vulpia octof lora (Walt. ) Rydb. var, glauca Pfinfctm ca~f lf are L*
(Wutt.) Fern.
Festuca prateneis Buds.
Panicum virg~tum L.
Panicm rigidulum Bosc
Festuca obtusa Blehler
Festuca paradoxa Deev.
Loli um multif lorum Lam.
Loliura perenne L.
Panfcum ancepe Nichx.
Panfcum depauperatm Muhl.
Panicum linearifolim Scribn.
Panicm lad f lorum Lam.
Puccinellia pallida (Torr.) Clawen
Poa annua L,
Panicum microcarpon Muhl.
Pnnicum dichotomm L.
Poa chapraaniana Scribn. Pani cum lanugf noem Ell. var, lantsginoeum
Poa pratenais L.
Poa angustifolia L,
Panictan lanuginosum Ell. var. implfcatum
(Scribn. ) Fern.
Poa compreasa L.
Poa paluatris L.
Poa aylvestrie Gray
Dectylia glomerata L.
Panicum lanttginosm Ell. var. lindheimcri
(Naah) Fern.
Panicm villoeiseimm Hash
Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell.
Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb. ) Spreng. Panicum polyanthes Schult.
Sphcnopholis obtueata (Michx. ) Scribn. var. Pant cum oligo@antfle@ Schult- var* 8cri.bob
ttma ta nerisnm (Nash) Fern.
Sphcnopholia ob tmata (Hichx.) Scribn, var. Panicum leibergif (Vaaey) Scribn*
mnjor (Torr.) Erdman P~nicvm commutatum Schult.
Sphenopholis nf tida (Biehler) Scribn.
Avena sativs L.
Holcijs lanetua L,
Agroatie elliottiana Schult.
Panicum joori Vasey
Panicum clandee tinum L,
Panicrm latifoliurn L.
P~nictm boscii Poir.
Agroatia hyemalis (Wait.) BSP. Echinochloa wal teri (Pureh) Heller
Agroa tis perennana (Walt .) Tuckerm. Echinochloa crus-~alli (L.) Reauv.
Agrostie alba L, var. alb~ Echinochloa pungena (Poir.) Rydb, var, pun-
Agroatis alba L. var. palustris (Huds.) Pera. Rena
Cinna arundinacea L. Echinochloa pungene (Poir. ) Rydb. var. wi e-
Phalftrie arundin~cea L. gandfi Fa~eett
Alopecurun aeqrtalia Sob01 Setaria luteacens (Weiqel) Hubb.
Alopecurus carolinianua Walt. Setnria faberi Hernn.
Phleum pratenae L.
E lumue hys t ri x L .
Setaria viridie (L.) Re~w.
Cenchruu longiapintje (~ack. Fern.
Elymun virpinicus L.
Elymus vf llosus Muhl.
Erinnthtm alopecuroidee (L.) Ell.
Sorghum halepenae (L. ) Pera .
Elymus canadensis L. Sorahaa trum nutans (L.) N~sh
tlordeum puailltm Nutt.
Hordetm jubatum L.
Triticm aeetivm L.
Secale ctreale L.
Helica mutica Walt.
Andropogon gerardii Vi tman
Andropogon virgini cus L.
Schizachvrirm scoparium (Michx.) Nash
Tripsacum dactyloides (L. ) L.
Zea my6 L.
Helica ni tens (Scrfbn.) Nutt.
Eragrostis hypnoide~ (Lam.) BSP.
Gly ceria aep tentrionalis Hitchcock Eraftros ti8 cilf~rtensis (All.) Mosher
Gly eeria wrkaneana Fern, Eragroatis poaeoides Beauv.
Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchcock Eragros tis spec tabilia (Purah) Steud.

Eragroe tie pec tinacea (Michx. )' N&,S I
Eragroe tie capillaris (L. ) Neee
Eragroetia piloea (L.) Beauv.
Eragroetis frankii C.A. tfeyer
Tridene f lavus (L. ) Hi tchcock
Huhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin.
Huhlenbergia cuspida ta (Torr . ) Rydb .
Huhlenbergia schreberi J.F. Gmel.
Huhlenbergia soboli fern (Muhl. ) Trin.
Muhlenbergia brtshii Pohl
Huhlenbergia f rondosa (Poir. ) Fern.
Huhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) BSP.
Wuhlenbergia tenuif lora (Wi lld. ) BSP .
Huhlenbergia sylvatica (Torr;) Torr.
H&lenbe rgia mexi cana (L. ) Trin.
Sporobolue vaglniflorus (Tort.) Wood
Sporobolus neglectus Nash
Elewine indica (L.) Gaertn.
Leptochloa filiformis (Lam. ) Beauv.
Leptochloa faecf cularle (Lam.) Gray
Cynodon dac tylon (L. ) Pers ,
Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx. ) Torr.
Arietida oligantha Mchx.
Aria tida purpurascens Poir.
Arietida ramosiseirna Engelm.
Arietida longespica Poir.
Arietida dichotoma Michx.
Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Chapm.
Leereia lenticularia Michx.
Leereia oryzoides (L.) Swartz
Leerala vlrginica Wf lld.
Danthonia epicata (L.) Beauv.
Chasmanthim la tifolim (Hichx. ) Yates
) A '
Cyperua densicaespitoeus Hattf. & Kuentk,
Cyperue arts tatus Rottb.
Cyperus acwninatus Torr. & frook.
Cyperus ovularis (Michx. ) Torr .
Cyperue erythrorhizoa Huh I.
Cyperue engelmannii S teud.
Cyperus esculentus L.
Cyperus f erruginescene Boeckl.
Cyperus etrigosus L.
Eleocharfs obtusa (Willd.) Schult. vat.
ob tusa
Eleocharis obtuea (Willd.) Schult. var.
detonsa (Gray) Drap. d Mohlenbr.
Eleocharie acicularis (L.) Roem. 6 Schultes
~lmbriatylis autumnalis (L.) Roem. 6 Schultee
Scirpus validus Vahl
Sci rpue georgianue Harper
Scirpue atrovirens Willd.
Scirpua pendulus Muhl.
Scirpus cyperinue (L.) Kunth
Scirpus verectmdus Fern.
Carex retrof lexa Muhl .
Carex convoluta Mack.
Carex rosea Schk.
Csrex socialis Mohlenbr, & Schwegm,
Carex cephalophorg Huhl. 1
Carex muhlenbergii Schk. 1
Carex cephaloidea Dewey
Carex vulpinoldea Hichx,
Carex decompoaita Huhl,
Carex conjunc ta Boot t
Carex laevivaginata (KUkenth.) Hack.
Carex crue-corvi Shuttlew.
Carex muskingmeneis Schwei n.
Carex ecop~ria Schk.
Carex normalis Nsck.
Carex alboluteseens Sehwein.
Carex brevior (Dewey) Hack.
Carex jamesii Schwein,
Carex pensylvanica Lam.
Carex emonsii Dewey
Carex arti tec ta Hack.
Carex physorhyncha Liebm.
Carex umbellata Schk.
Carex eburnea Boott
Carex crinita Lam.
Carex ehortiana Dewey
Carex lanuginoea Michx.
Carex hirsutella Hack.
Carex caroliniana Sehwein.
Carex buehii Mack.
Carex granularie Muhl.
Carex grieea Wahlenb.
Carex f laccosperm~ Dewey
Carex glaucodea Tuckerm.
Carex oligocarpa Schk,
Carex albureina Sheldon
Carex blanda Dewey
Carex gracilescens Steud.
Carex frankif Kunth
Carex squarroea L.
Carex typhina Michx.
Carex lacustrie Willd.
Carex hyalinolepie S teud.
Carex comoea Boo tt
Carex hyetriclna Huitl.
Carex lurida Wahlenb.
Carex grayi Carey
Carex loutaiani ca Bailey
Carex lupulina Hthl.
Carex 1 upuli formis Sartwell
Carex gigantea Rudge
Carex re troraa Schwein.
Acorue calamus L.
Peltandra virginica (L.) Kunth
Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schot t
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
LEMNACEAE
Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden
Spirodela oligorhizae (Kurtz) Hegelm,
Lemna trisulca L.

Lemna minor L. , 'Iril1,tetxm viride Beck
Lemna perpusitla forr. 'Triilli.*?;m flexipes Raf. i
Lemna trinervis (Austin) Small Narcise'w pseudo-narcissus L.
Lemna valdiviana Phil. Narcissus poeticus L,
Lemna obscura (Austin) Daubs Polianthes virgfnica (L.) Shinnera
Wolf fiella flaridana IJ ,D. Smith) nompson Hypoxis hirsute (L- Codllc
Wolffia papulifera Thowson
Wolf f ia colmbiana-Kars t. SmLACACEAE
COWL I NAC EX€
Tradescantia suba~pera Eer
Tradescantia ohiensis Raf.
Tradescantia virginiana L.
Conanelina cornmunis L.
Comelina diffusa Bum, f.
Comelina virginica L.
Pontederia cordata L.
Heteranthera renFfotmis R. & P,
Luzula multiflora (Retz.) Lejeune var. multi-
flora
Luzula multiflora (Retz.) Lejeune var. echi-
nata (Small) Nohlenbr.
Juncus effusus L. vat. solutus Fern. & Wieg.
Juncut bi f lorus Ell.
Juncus canadensis J. Gay
Juncos acuminatus Hichx.
Juncus brachycarprls Enge lm.
Jtmcus tenuie Willd.
Juncw dt~dleyi Wieg .
Juncus interior Wieg,
LILIACEAE
Lilium mfchiganense Faw.
Hemerocallis f ulva L,
Omithoftalm umbellacum L.
Camassia scilloides (Raf,) Cory
Erythronium americanum Ker
Erythronium albidum Nutt.
Uvularia grandif lora Sm.
Uvularia sessili folia L.
Polvgonatum commutatm (Schult,) A. Dietr.
Poly~onatum 5i f lorum (Walt .) Ell.
Smilacina racemosa It.) Desf .
Asparagus of ficinalis L.
Allium ampeloprasum L. var. acrovtolaceum
(Boiss.) Regel
Allium canadense L.
Allium stellatun Ker
Allium vineale L.
Allium cepa L.
Nothoscordum bivalve (L. 1 Britt.
Trillium recurvatum Beck
Trillium sessile L.
Smilax glauca Walt. var. glauca
Smilax glauca Walt. var, leurophplla Blake
Smilax bona-nox L. var, bona-nox
Smilax bona-nox L. var. hederaefolia (Beyrich)
Fern.
Smilax rotmdifolia L.
Smilax hispfda Muhl.
Smilax lasioneuron Hook.
Smilax pulverulenta Mtchx.
DIOSCOREAFEAE
Dioscorea villosa L.
Dioscorea quaternata (Walt.) J.F. Gwl.
IRI DACEAE
Iris fulva Ker
Iris shrevei Small
Iris cristata Ait.
Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill.
Sisyrinchium atlanticum Bickn.
Sisyrinchium albidum Raf.
ORCHI DACEAE
Cypripedim calceolue L. var, perviflorm
(Salisb.) F~rn.
Orchfs spectabftis L.
Habenaria pernmocna Gray
Lfparis li liifolia (L.) Rich.
Spfranthes oval is Lindl.
Spiranthes cernua (L. 1 Rich.
Corallorhiza wfs teriana Conrad
Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt.
Aplectrum fiyemale (Muhl. 1 Torr.
Saururus cernuus L.
Salix nigra Marsh,
Salix intertor Rowlee
Populus deltoidea Marsh.
Populus he terophylla L*
JUGLAND ACE AE
Juplans cinerea L.

Juglans nigra L. f r b , a e
Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch
Carga aquatica (Mfchx. f.) Nutt.
Carya cordifotmie (Wang. ) K.
Carya texana Buckl.
Carya ovalfs (Uang.) Sarg.
Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet
Koch
Carya tomentoea (Poir.) Nut t.
Carya ovata (Hill.) K. Koch
Carya lacinioea (Hichx. Loud.
Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. 6 Graebn.
Betula nigra L.
Corylw americana Walt.
Ostrya virginiana (Will.) K, Koch
Carplnw carolfniana Walt.
Fagw grandifolia Ehrh .
Quorcwr lmbricarfa Hichx.
Quercua phelloa L.
Quercus marllandica Huenchh.
Quercw falcate Wchx.
Quercw pagodaefolfa (Ell.) Ashe
Qucrcua velutina Lam.
Quercw rubra L.
Quercus palustrfs Huenchh.
Quercus shumardii Btlckley
Quercus coccf nea Huenchh.
Quercw bicolor Willd.
Quercus mfchauxii Nutt .
Qwrcus muhlenbergii Engelm.
Qucrcus alba L.
Quercua s tellata Wangh,
Quercw macrocarpa Michx.
Quercwr lyrata Walt.
Ulmus rubra Huhl.
Ulmus aremlcana L.
Ulmus alata Michx.
Cektls occidentalia L. var. occldentalis
Celtis occidentalia L. var. pumi l a (Pursh) Gray
Celtis occidentalie L. var. canina (Raf.) Sarg.
Celtis laevigata Wiild.
Celtis tenuifolia Nutt.
Xorw rubra L.
Horue alba L.
Eiaclura pornifera (Raf.) Schneid.
URTI C ACW
Boehmeria cyllndrica (L. ) Sw.
Pilea p d l a (L.) Gray
,,*
*Pi lea opaca (Lunell) Rydb.
r ' 6
Laportea canadehais (L. ) Xedd.
Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl.
Phoradendron flaveacens (Pursh) Nutt.
Asarm canadense L, var. reflew (Blckn.)
Rob ins.
Aris tolochia serpentaria L.
Rumex acetoael la L.
Rwnex obtuaifoliue L.
Rumex crispus L.
Rtimex altissimue Wood
Rumex verti cillatus L.
Rumex mexicanus Meisn.
Polygonum sag1 ttatum L.
Polygonum convolvulus L .
Polygonum cristatum Engelm. 6 Gray
PoPygonum scandena L.
Polygonm ten- Klchx.
Polygonum avlculare L.
Polygonum exsertum Small
Polygonum ramosissiinum Hichx.
Polygonum erectum L.
Polygonum virginianum L.
Polygonum punctatum Ell.
Polygonum hydropiper L.
Polygonwn persicaria L.
Polygonum se taceum Baldw . var , Inter jec turn
Fern.
Bolygsnum hydropiperoides Michx.
Polygonum opelousanum Ri ddell
Polygonum coccineum Huh1 .
Polygonum longis tylum Small
Polygonm lapathidollum L.
~olygonk pensylvanicum L. var, laevigatum
Fern.
Chenopodium ambrosloldes L.
Chenopod ium a lbum L.
Chenopodlum gigantospermum Aellen
Chenopodium s tandleyanum Aellen
Amaran thus
Amaran thus
Ama ran thus
Amaran thus
Ana ran t hus
Amaranthus
Amnran thus
Froellchl a
spinosus L.
albrm L.
graec i zens L,
retroflexus L.
hybridus L.
tuberculatus (Moq.) Sarier
tamarascinus Nut t ,
graci lie (Hook.) Yoq.

PHYTOMCCACEAE ~a;ntm~~ulti? septentrionalis Poir-. var. caricetorum
(Creene) Fern.
Phy tolacca americana L. Ran~~nculus carolinianus DG,
Ranunculus f ascicuiaris Muhl.
Al ZOACEAE Ranunculus sardous Crantz
Delphinitrm tricorne Wchx.
~llugo verticLllatus L. Tt~alictr~rm revolutum DC.
Thalictrttm dioiclm L.
PORTUtACACEAE Actaea pachypoda Ell.
Hydrastis canadensis L*
Portulaca oleracea L. lsopyrtm bf ternaturn (Raf .) Torr. 6 Gray
Claytonia virginica L. Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Spach
hemone vtrftiniana L.
CARYOPWYLUCEAE Myosurus minimos L.
Aqui le gia canadens f s L.
Paronychia canadensis (L.) Wood Clematis virginiana L.
Paronychia fastigiata (Raf .) Fern, Clematis pitcheri Torr. 6 Gray
Sagina decumbens (Ell.) Torr, 6 Gray
Holos tern umbellaturn L. BERBER1 DACEAE
Stellaria media (L.) Cyril10
Cerastium vulgatum L, Podophyllum peltatum L.
Ceraetium nutans Raf. Caulophyllum thalictroides (L. 1 Wchx.
Cerastium viscosum L.
Ceras tium brachypodusn (Engelm. ) B, L. Robins. MENISPERMACEAE
Dianthus armeria L.
Aqros temma gi thago L. Calycocarpum lyonii (Pursh) Gray
Sflene stellata (L.) Ait. H&nispemm canadense L.
Silene antirrhina L. Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC.
Saponaria off icinali s L.
MGNOLIACEAE
CERATOPHY LIACEAE
Magnolia actlminata L.
Ceratophyllum demersum L. Liriodendron tul tpi fera
Cetatophyllum echinatum Gray
lWNONACEhE
NYHPKAEACEAE
Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal.
Nupflar luteum L. ssp. macrophyllum (SmaLl)
Bea 1 LAURACEAE
Nymphaea tuberosa Paine
SasoaEras albidttm (Nut t. ) Nees var. albidm
NELUMBONACEAE Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees vat. mdlle
(Rfif,) Fern.
Nelumbo lutea (Wi lld. ) Pers. Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume
CABOHB ACEAE PAP AVERACEAE
Brasenia schreberi Gmel.
Cabomba caroliniana Gray
Ranrinculus laxicaulis (Torr. 6 Gray) Darby
. .
Rantlnculus abortivus E.
Ranunculrts micranthus Nut t.
Ranunculrre flabeltaris Raf.
Ranunct~lus hispidus Mfchx, var. hispfdus
Ranuncultm hispidi~s Wchx. vat. marilandicus
(Poir.) L. Benson
Ranunculus sep tentrionalf s Poir. var. septen-
trionalis
1.
'
t f *
Sanguinaria canadensis L.
Stylophortm diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt.
Dicentra ctlcullaria (L.) Bernii.
Dicentra canadensis (Coldie) Walp.
Corydalis f lavula (Raf. ) DC.
CRUCI FERAE
Dentaria laciniata Muhl.
Iodanthue pi nnati f idus (Michx. ) Steud.
Capae l. la btrraa-pas toris (L. ) Hedf c.
Arnbis canadensts L.
Arabts laevigata (Muhl. ) Poir.

: ' 1' -
Dcscurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt!. ve, *
brachycarpa (Richards .) Fern.
Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ) BSP .
Cardmine hirsuta L.
Cardadne penaylvanica Nuhl.
Cardatsine parvi flora L. var , arenicola
(Britt,) O.E. Schuiz
Sibara virginica (L.) Rollins
Draba verna L.
Draba brachy carpa Nut t .
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
Lepiditan campestre (L,) R. Br.
Lepidim virginictnn L.
Arrmracia squatica (Eat.) Wieg.
Aravlracia lapathifolia GLlib.
Nasturtium officinale R, Br.
lhlaepi arvense L.
Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. vat. arcuata (Opiz.)
Fri es
Erysimum repandum L.
Brassica kaber (L?C.) L.C. Wheeler var.
schkuhriana (Reichenb.) L.C. Wheeler
Brassica nigra (L.) Koch
Brassica juncea (T,.) Coas
Siswrim off icinale (La) Scop.
Rorippa seasiliflora (Nutt.) tfitchc.
Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbae var. fern-
aldiana Butt. & Abbe
Hydrangea arborescene L.
Robes cynosbati L.
Itea virginica L.
Heuchera hirsuticaulis (Wheelock) Rydb.
Penthorum sedoides L.
KAXAMELI DACEAE
Liquidambar s tyraci Flua L,
Platanus occidentalis L.
Prunua hortulana Bailey e
Prunus mexicana S . Wats.
Prunus americana Marsh. var . ameri tana
Prunue americana Marsh. var. lanata Sudw.
Prunua serotina Ehrh.
Amclanchier arborea (KLchx. f .) Fern.
Pyrus comraunis L.
Hslus coronaria (L.) Will.
Hslw ioensia (Wood) Britt.
Cra taegua collina Chapm.
Crateegua crus-galli L.
Crataegus viridis L.
Crstaeuus pruinosa (Wend1 . ) K . Koch
Crstaegua wtllls (Torr. 6 Gray) Scheele
Rttbus occidentalis L.
Rubue trivialis Michx.
Rubus flagellar18 Willd.
Rubus ens lenii Tratt .
Rtlbt~s alleghenieneis Porter
Rubus pensy lvanicus Poir.
Rubus frondosus Bigel.
Rosa multiflora Thunb.
Rosa setigera Michx.
Roea palustria Harsh.
Rosa carolina L.
Potentilla simplex Uchx.
Potentilla recta L.
Potentilla norvegica L.
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne
Aruncua dioi cus (Walt. ) Fern.
Gillenia stipulata (Huhl.) Baill.
Gem canadenae Jacq.
Ceunr vernum (Raf.) Torr, & Gray
Agrimonia parvif lora Ai t.
Agrimonia pubescens Wallr.
Agrimonia rostellata Wallr.
Cercis canadensis L.
Gymnocladus dioica (L.) K.-Koch
Gleditsia triacanthoa L,
Gleditsia aquatica Marsh.
Desmanthus illinoenais (Mlchx. ) MacH.
Albizia julibrisain Duraz.
Robinia pseudoaeacia L.
Crotalaria sagittalis L.
Psoralea psoralioidee (Walt.) Cory var.
eglandulosa (El 1. ) Freeman
Vicia villosa Roth
Vicia dasycarpa Ten.
Vicia cracca L.
Vicia angustkfolia Reich.
Lathyrua latifoliuft L.
Cassia hebecarpa Fern.
Cassia marflandica L,
Caasia faeciculata Michx.
Cassid nictitans L.
Apios americana Medic.
Aptos priceana Robins.
Lotus cornlculatus L.
Petalostemum candidtm (Wflld,) Michx.
Pe talos temm purpureum (Vent.) Rydb.
Goronilla varia L.
Dalea alopecoroides Willd.
Tephrosta virginiana (L.) Pers,
Melilotus alba Desr.
Melilotus offfcinalis (L.) Lam.
~rifoTium campestre Schreb.
Trifoltum dubitm Sibth.
Trifolium pratense L.
Trif olium reperls L.
Trifolium hybrtdm L.
Medicago sativa L.
Medicago lupulina L.

Clitoria mariana L.
Stylosanthes bif lora (L.) BSP.
Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) Hook. 6 Am.
Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim.
Lespedeza procmbens Michx.
Lespede za repens (L . ) Bart .
Lespedeza hirta fL.1 Hornem.
Lespedeza capitata Nfchx.
Lespedeza stuevei Nutt.
Lespedeza cuneata (Dm.-Cours . ) C. Don
Lespede za vio lacea (L . ) Pets .
Lespedeza intennedia (S. Wats.) Britt.
Lespedeza vir~inica (L.) Britt.
Phaseolus polystachioe fL,) BSP,
Desmodim nudi f lorum (L. ) DC .
Desmodim glutinosm (Muhl.) Wood
Desmodium paucif forum (-Nut t . ) DC.
Desmodium aessilifolitm (Torr.) Torr. & Gray
Desmodim rotundi folium DC.
Deemodium illinoense Crag
Pesmodim canescens (L. ) DC.
Ikrrmodium cttspidatum (Muhl.) Loud.
Desmodium laevigatm (Nutt.) DC.
Desmodi um mari landicum (L. l DC.
Deemodium ciliare (Muhl.) DC.
Desmodium ri~idrm (Ell.) DC.
Deomodi rm canftdense (L. ) DC.
Desmodium nuttallii (Schindl.) Schub.
Desmodium di lleni i Darl .
Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC.
Strophystyles leiospenna (Torr. 6 Gray)
Piper
Strophostples helvola (L.) Ell.
Strophys tyles umbel lata (Muhl . ) Rri tt .
Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt . var. mississippiensis
Vail
Amphicarpa bracteata (L.) Fern. vat. bracteata
Amphicarpa bracteata (L.) Fern, var. comosa
(L.) Fern.
L I NACEAE
Linum sulcatum Riddell
Linm virginianum L.
OWLIDACEAE
Oxalis violacea L.
Oxalis dillenii Jacq.
Oxalis stricta L.
GERANIACUE
Geranium macula tum L.
Geranium carolinianum L
ZY GOPUYLLACEAE
Tribulua terrestrie L.
Xanthoxylum americanum Hill.
Ptelea trifoliata L.
Croton glandulosus L, var, septentrionalis
Nuell.-Arp,,
Croton capf ta trrs Michx.
Croton monantholrynus Mi chx.
Crotonopsis elliptica Willd.
Acalypha ostryaefolia Riddell
Acalypha rhomboidea Raf.
Acalyptla virginica L.
Acalypha gracilens Gray
Etlphorbia torollata L. var. corollata
Eupharbia corollata L, var. mollis Hillsp.
Euphorbi a obttlsata Pt~rsh
Poinsettia cyanthophora (Murr.) K1. 6 Carcke
Poinsettia dentata (Michx.) Kl. 6 Garcke
Gtlamaesyce serpens (!IRK . ) Small
Chamaesyce aupf na (Raf . ) Moldenke
Chamaesyce htmis tra ta (En~elm. Small
Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small
CALL I TRI CfMCEAfE
Callf triche heterophylla Pursh
Callitriche palustris L.
Callf triche terrestris RaF.
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze
Rhtls copallina L.
Rhus glabra L.
RRus aroma t ica Ai t . vat. aromatica
Rhus aromatica Ai t, var. serotina (Greenel
Rehder
AqUI FOLIACEAE
Ilex decidua Walt.
Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray
CELASTMCEAE
Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq.
Celastrus scandens L.
STAPHYLEACEAE
StaphyLea trifolia L,

Acar negtmdo L.
Acsr barbatm achx.
Acer sacchartar Marah, var. saccharurn
Acer saccharurn mrsh. var. schneckti Rehder
Acer aaccharinum L.
Acer rubrum L. var, rubrm
Acer rubrum L. var. dr
Sarg.
kseulus discolor Pursh
&rculua la bra W i lld.
Impatiens blf lora Walt.
Ispatietu pallida Nutt.
Ceanottrus americanua L.
VXTACW
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.
Mpelopsis cordata nichx.
hmpelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne
Vltim aestivalis Michx.
Vltlm cinerea Engelrn,
Vi tls rupee trio Scheele
Vitis vulpina L.
Vitis riparia Wchx.
Tilia americana L.
Bibiacw militasis Cav.
Hibi scw laaiocarpus Cav.
Abu tilon theophras ti1 Hedic.
Sfda spinosr L.
hcyrua hypericoides L, var, m ul ticaule fnichx. )
Fern.
Hypcricum perforatum L.
Hypericum punctatun! Lam.
Hyperictnn spa thula tum (Spach. ) S teud.
Hyperictma sphaerocarpm nichx.
Hypericum mutilum L.
Hypeticum gentianoidea (L. ) BSP .
Hypericun drummondii (Crev. 6 Hook.) Torr. &
Gray
Triadcnum wal teri (Gmel . ) GI.
Lechea tend fo lia Wchx.
Hybanthue concolor (T,P. Forsc.) Spreng.
Viola pedata L.
Viola gratincola Creene
Viola miesourienefs Creene
Viola afffnis LeConte
Viola aororia Willd.
Viola eagittata Ait.
Viola pubescens Ait. var, eriocarpa
(Schwein.) Russell
Viola striata Ait.
Viola rafinesquii Greene
Paasiflora lutea L. var. glabriflora Fern.
Pasaiflora incarnata L,
CACTACEAE
Opuntia compreaea (Salisb. ) Hacbr.
Elaeagnus angustifolia L.
Elaeagnw umbellata Thunb.
Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell.
Cuphea petfolata (L.) Koehne
Lythrm alatm Pureh
Peplis diandra Nutt.
Rotala ramoaior (L.) Koehne
Amanda coccinea Rot tb .
Nyesa sylvatica Marsh.
ONAGRACEAE
Circaea qtmdrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch. 6 Sav.
var, caniidenais (L.) Hara
Ludwigia paluetris (L.) Ell. var. americana
(IXJ.) Fern. 6 Grisc.
Ludwigia a1 ternifolia L.
Epilobfm coloraturn Muhl.
Juqsiaea repens L.
Juasiaea decurrens (Walt .) DC.
Oenothera speciosa Nutt.
Oenothera iaciniata Hi 11
Oenothera pilosella Raf.
Oenothera biennis L. var. blennis
Oenothera biennie I. var. canescens Torr, &
Gray
Oenothera linifolia Nutt.

HALORAGIDACEAE
Proserpinaca palus tris L.
ARALIACEAE
Aralia spinosa L.
Aralia racemosa L.
Panax quinquefolius L.
Thaspim tri foliatum (L.) Gray var. trifoliatum
Thaspim trifoliatum (L.1 Gray var, flavum
Blake
Sanicula gregaria Bickn.
Sanicula canadensis L.
Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC.
Daucus carota L.
Ptilirnnium costatum (Ell.) Raf.
Ptilirnnium nuttallii (DC,) Britt.
Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Coulter 6 Rose
Crypto taeni a canadensis (L.) W.
Zizia aurea (L.) Koch
Pastinaca sativa L.
Sium suave Walt,
Osmorhiza longis tylis (Torr. ) DC. var. longis
tylis
Osmorhiza lon~istylis (Torr.) DC. var.
villicaulis Fern.
Osmorhiza clay toni i (Michx. ) Clarke
Ane thm graveo lens L.
Eri genia bulboaa (Michx. ) Nut t ,
Chaerophylllm procurnbens (L.) Crantz
Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook.
Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude
Polytaenia nuttallii DC.
Cicuta bulbifera L.
Cicuta maculata L.
CORNACEAE
Cornue florida L.
Cornus s toloni fera Michx.
Cornrts drummondt 1 C.A. Mey .
Corntm racemosa Lam.
Corntts obllqun Raf.
Cornw foemina Mill.
ERI CACEAE
Monotropa hvpopi thvs L.
Mono tropa ttniflora L.
Rhododendron prinoptiy llum (Small) Nillais
Rhododendron periclymenoides (1'Li.chx. Shinners
Gayluss~cia baccata (Wang. ) K. Koch
Vaccf nium arboretnn Marsh. var. arboreurn
Vaccinf um arboretm Marsh. var. glaucescens
(Creene) Sarg .
Vaccinium vacillans Torr.
Dodecatheon meedga L.
Androsace occidentalis Pursh
Samolus parviflorus Raf.
Anaqallis arvensis L.
Lyeimachia ciliata I,.
Lvsimachla lanceolata Welt.
Lysimachf a hgbrida Michx.
Lysimachia terres trfs (L.) BSP,
Hottonia inflata Ell.
EBENACEAE
Diospyros virgi ni ana L.
OLEACEAE
Fraxinus quadran~ulata Kfchx.
Fraxintm pCnsylvanica Marsh, var. penaylvanica
Fraxinus pensylvanica Marsh. var. eubinteger-
rima (Vahl) Fern.
Fraxintm pensylvanica Marsh. var. auatinii
Fe rn .
Fraxinus americana L. var. americana
Fraxinus arnericana L. var. biltmreana (Beadle)
3. Wright
Fraxinr~c tomentosa Michx. f.
Fores tiera acdnata (Michx. Poir.
GENT IANACEAE:
Swertia caroliniensis (Walt;) Kuntze
Obolaria vlrginica L.
Saba tia angularis (L.) Pursh
Amsonia tabernaemontana Val t .
Vinca xinor L.
Apocynum androeaemifolim L.
Apocynum cannabinum L. vat. cannabinm
Apocyntm cannabi num L, var. pubeecena (Hitch-
ell) A. DC.
Apocynm sibfricum Jacq.
Trachelospermum dif fome (Walt, ) Gray
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Asclepias tuberosa L, var. interior (Woodeon)
Shinners
Asclepfas vertlcf llata L.
Asclepias virldiflora Raf.
Asc lepias purpurascens L.

AecPepias syriaca L. var, syriaca I
Asclepi as syriaca L. var, kansana (Val 1)
Palmer 6 Steyenn.
Asclepias qusdrifolia Jacq.
Aaclepias variegata L.
bclepias exaltata L.
Asclepim perennis Walt.
Aaelepias incarnata L.
Katelea gonocarpa (Walt .) Shlnners
Cynanchtas laeve (Hichx.) Pers.
Convolvulus arvensie L.
Calystegia sepiun (L.) R. Br. var. ameri-
eana (Sims) Hohlenbr.
Ipomoea coccinea L.
Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Hey.
Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq .
Ipomoaa lacunosa L.
Iposoaa purpurea (L.) Ro& --
Cuscuta cuspl-datT-rngerm. - --- -
Cuscuta eompac t a Jues .
Cuscuta polygonorun Engelm.
Cwcuta cephalanthi Engelm.
Cuscuta gronovil Willd.
Cuscuta pentagons Engelm.
Cwcuta caarpeetris Yuncker
Polemoniun reptans L.
Phlox blfida Beck war. bffida
Phlox bifida Beck var, etellaria (Gray)
Wherry
Phlox divaricata L. ssp. laphamil (Wood)
Wherry
Phlox pilosa L.
Phlox paniculata L.
Phlox glaberrima L. ssp, interior (Wherry)
Wherry
Hydrolea uniflora Raf.
Hydrophyllm appendiculatum Michx.
Hpdrophyllum canadenae L.
Hy drophy llum vi rgini anum L.
Fhacelia purshii Buckley
Phacelia ranunculacea (Nut t. ) Cons t ,
Phacelia bipinnatifida Michx,
Hertensia virginica (L.) Pers.
Heliotropims indlcum L.
Cynogloasum vf rgintanm L.
Cynogloram off icinale L.
Hackella virginiana (L.) 1.M. Johnston
Hyoeotie virginica (L.) BSP. vat, virginlca
tt).osotia virginlca (I,. ) BSP. var. macrosperma
(Engelr.) Fern,
E1,thospemum arvense L .
Li thoapermm latifolfum Ni chx.
Li thoapemum canescens (Hichx. ) Lehm.
VERBENACW
Li ppia lanceola ta Hichx.
Verbena canadenais Britt.
Verbena bracteeta Lag, h Rodr.
Verbena simplex Lehm.
Verbena etrlcta Vent,
Verbena hastata L.
Verbena urticifolia L.
Verbena Xilliclta Moldenke
Phryma leptos tachya L.
LAB I ATAE
--Isanthus brachiatus (E.) BSP,
Mentha arvensie L. var. arvenaie
Hentha arvemie L. var, villosa (Benth.) S.R.
Steward
Hentha spicata L.
Mentha Xpiperita L.
Lycopus americanua Muhl.
Lycopue virginlcua L,
Lycopua ru kllus Hoench var . rubellus
Lycopue rubellua Moench vat. arkansanua
(Fries. ) Benner
Teucrium canadenae L. var, virglnicum (En)
Eat.
Scutellaria nervosa Pursh
Scutallaria parvula Hichx.
Scutellaria lateriflora L.
Scutellaria ovata H i l l var. ovata
Scutellaria ovata Hill var. versicolor (Nutt.)
Fern .
Scutellari a ovata Hill var, rugosa (Wood)
Fern,
Scutellari a elliptica Huhl.
Scutellaria lncana Blehler
Harrublum vulgare L.
Cuni l a origanoides (L.) Britt.
Monarda bradburiana Beck
Honarda fistulosa L.
Blephi lia ciliata (La) Benth.
Blephilia hirsutn (Prtrsh) Benth.
Collinsonia canadensis L.
tledeoma hispida Pursh
ttedeoma pulegioldes (L .) Pers ,
Salvia lyrata L.
Pycnanttlemm pycnanthemol des (Leavenw. ) Fern.
Pycnanthemm lncatiurn (L.) Michx,
Pycnanthemurn a1 bescens Torr. 6 Gray
Pycnenthernum tenuifolfurn Schrad,
fycnanrhemm pilosum Nntt,
Agaa tache nepe toides (L. ) K t ze .
Nepeta cataria L.

Clecoma hederacea L. var. micrantha ~oricand '*.'
Lamium amplexicaule L.
Lamium purpuretm L.
Stachys palwtrfs L. var. homotricha Fern.
Stachvs tenuifolia Willd. var, tenuifolia
Stachvs tenuifolia Willd. var. hispida (Putsh)
Fern .
Stachys hyssopifolia Michx, var. ambigua Gray
Leonurus cardiaca L.
Perilla frutescens L.
Physostegia vtr~iniana (L.) Benth.
Prune1 la vttlgaris L. var, vulgaris
Pruneila vulgaris L. var. lanceolata ( tgrt.
Fern.
Solanum carolinense L.
Solanm americanum Mill.
Datura stramonium L.
Physalis angulata L.
Physalis pendula R yd b
Physalis subglabrata Mack. & Bush
Physalis pruinosa L.
Physalia virginiana Mill.
Physalis he terophy lla Nees var . he terophy lla
Physalis heterophylla Nees vat. ambigua (Gray)
Rydb .
Phvsali s pubescens L.
Physalis lanceolata Michx.
Veronicaetrum virginicum (L.) Farw.
Veronica peregrina L.
Veronica arvensis L.
Gratiola neglecta Torr.
Gratiola vir~iniana L.
Lindernia anagallfdea (Michx.) Pennell
Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennt.11 var. dubfa
Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. riparia
(Raf.) Fern.
Pens temon tubaeflorus Nut t.
Penstemon di~italis Nutt,
Penstemon alluviorra Pennell
Penstemon calvcosw Small
Penstemon pallidus Small
Penstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd.
Pedi culari s canadensis L.
Cerardia f lava L.
Cerardia gattingeri Small
Gerardia skinneriana Wood
Cerardf a purprlrea L.
Gerardia tenulfoli a Vahl
Seymeria nacrophylla Nutt.
Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wetts t.
Mfmulus alatw Ait.
Mimulus ringens L.
Scrophulerfa marilandica L.
Verbascum thapsus L.
Verbascum blattaria L.
Campsis radicans (L . ) Seem.
Epifagus vtrginiana (L.) Bart.
Orobanche uniflora L.
LENT1 BWRI ACEAE
Utricularia gibba L.
Utricularia vulgaris L.
AClWTHACEAE
Justicia americana (L.) Vahl
Rtiellia humilis Nutt.
Rtlellia peduncula ta Torr,
Ruellia strepens L.
Plantago aristata Hlchx.
Plantago p\rsilla Nutt.
Plantago lanceolata L.
Plantago virginica L.
Plantago rugelii Dcne.
RUB IACEa
Cephalanthus nccidentalis L. var. occiden-
talis
Cephalanthtm occidentalis L, var. pubescena
Raf,
Galium circaezans Hichx.
Cali txm lanceolatrm Torr.
Galium pilostm Ait.
Calium triflorum Michx.
Galium aparine L.
Galirrm tinctorium L.
Gallum triffdum L.
Galitmt concinnum Torr. & Gray
Galittm obtttstrm Bigel.
ntodia vtrginica L.
Diodia teres Walt.
Spermacoce glabra MPchx.
Hous tonia minima Beck
Hous tonia pus1 lla Schoepf
Hotla tonia nigricans (Lam. ) Fern.
Houstonia purpurea L. var. cafycoea Gray
Houstonia longifo lia Gaertn. Tar. longifolia
Houstonia longifolia Gaertn. var. tenuifolia
(Nutt.) Wood
Houstonia canadensis WiPld.
CAPRI FOL I ACEAE
Sambucu~ can~densis L.
Lonicera japonica Thunb.

Symphoricarpos obriculatua Hoench
Viburnum rufidulum Raf .
Viburnum prunifolium L,
He,lianthw tuberoeus L. vat. eubcan-
. 'eacens Gray
Helianthua hf rsutua Raf .
Viburnum rceognitum Fern. Verbeeina helianthoidee Hfchx.
Trioatawn angurti folium L. Verbeeina alternifolia (L.) Britt.
Trioateum perfoliatm L. Coreopsis palraata Nutt.
Triwtem illinoenae (Wieg. ) Rydb. Coreopsis tripteris L,
Bidens cernua L.
VALERIAHA Bidene coronata (L.) Britt.
Bidene aristoaa L, var. aristoaa
Valerianalla radiata (L.) Dufr. Bidens aristoaa L. var, retrorsa (Sherff)
' Wunderlin
CUCURB I TACEAe Bidens connata tiuhl.
Bidens comosa (Gray) Wieg,
Cucurbita pepo L, var. ovifera (L.) Alef. Bidens bipinnata L,
Sfcyos angulatua L. Bidens frondosa L.
Bidens vulga ta Greene
CAHPAHULACEAE Bidena discoidea (Torr. 6 Gray) Britt.
Helenim amarum (Raf .) Rock
Specularia biflora (Re 6 P.) Fiech. 6 Mey.
Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC.
Helenim autmale L.
Helenium f lexuosum Raf .
Cmpanula amerlcana L. Solfdago graminifolia (L.) SaPfsb,
Lobalia cardinalis L. Solfdago ridf ga L.
Lobelia siphilieica L. Solidago caesia L.
Lobelia puberda Hichx.
Lobelia inflata L.
Soli dago f lexicaulis L.
Solidago bicolor L, var. bicolor
Lobalia spicata Lam. var. spicata Solidago bicolor L. vat. concolor Torr.
Lobelia apicata Lam. var. leptoetachys (A. DC.) Solidago buckleyi Torr. 6 Gray
Mack. & Bush Solidago mteeourieneis Nutt.
Solidago juncea Aft.
COtfPOS ITAE Solidago specioea Nutt.
Solidngo gi gantea hit.
Polymnia canadensis L. Solidago arguta hit.
Polymia uvedalia (L,) L, Solidago a trigosa Small
Sf lphiuaa perfoliatum L, Solidago boottii Hook.
Silphiuaa intcgri folim Hfchx. Solidago ulmifolia Uuhl.
Parthenfm integrifoliunr E, Solidago drmondii Torr. 61 Gray
Iva annua. L. Solidago radula Nutt.
Ambrosia bidentata Michx.
Ambrosia trifida L.
Ambrosia artemieii folia L,
Sol idago canadenei s L.
Solidago nemoralis Ai t .
£301 tonia as te roides (L. ) L'Her .
Xanthium rtrumarim L, var. canadensia Aster anomalue Engelm.
(nill.) Torr, 6 Crag Aster shortii Lindl,
Xanthfum strunarium L. vat. glabratum (DC.)
Cronq .
Aster azureus Lindl.
Aster cordifolius L.
Hellopsis helianthoidee (L.) Sueet
Eclipta alba (L.) Haeek.
Rudbeckia eri loba L.
Aster sagi ttifoliue Wedem, var. sagi ttifoliue
Aster sag1 ttifolius Wedem. var, dr~nwndi i
(Lindl.) Shinners
Rudbeckia hirta L. Aster novae-angliae L.
Rudbeckia bicolor Nutt. a Aster oblongifolitla Nutt.
Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. Aster patena ASt.
Ratibida pinnata (Vent. ) Barnh, Aster laevis L.
Hellanthus annuus L. Aster pilosus WLlld.
Hellanthus rigid- (Caes,) Deef. Aster erfcoides L. var, ericoidee
Helianthua mfcrocephalue Torr. 6 Cray
Helianthua decapetalus L,
Aster ericoides var. prostratus (Ktze. ) Blake
Aster virnineus Lam.
Heli anthus divarlca tus L. Xster praealtus Poir,
Helianthus serumoeue L. Aster turbfnellus I,indl.
Helianthua grosseserratus Harkens
Heli anthus mollis Lam,
Helianthua tuberosus L, var. tuberosus
Aster ontarionis IJieg.
Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britt.

Aster simplex Willd.
Erigeron pulchallus Michx.
Eriqeron philadelphicus L.
Eriqernn annuus (L.) Peru.
Erigeron strigosus Muhl.
Erigeron divaricatus Michx.
E r i ge ron canadens is L.
Anthemis cotula L.
Achfllea millefolium L. var. millefolitrm
Achillea millefolfm L. var. lanulosa
(Nutt. ) Pf per
Hatrlcarla matritarioides (Less.) Porter
Chrysanthemm leucanthemm L.
Artemisia annua L.
Pluchea caarphorata (L.) DC.
Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards.
var, plantaginifolia
Antennaria plantagini folia (L.) Richards.
var, ambigens (Greene) Cronq .
Caaphalium purpureum L.
Gnaphalim obtusifnlfm L.
Erechtites hieracifolta (L.) Raf.
Cacalia atriplicifolia L.
Cacalia mrthlenbergii (Sch.-Bip.) Fern.
Senecio attreus L,
Senecio gl abtillrts Poir.
Eupatorium prlrpurem L.
Etjpatorium coelestintm L.
Eupatorium incarnatr~m Walt.
Ertpatorium serotinum Michx.
Eupatorium rugosum Itoutt.
~i;:~etosi&*altissimum L.
~upktorium" perfolf atum L.
Eupatoritm sessilifolitm L.
Brickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinnera
Liatris scabra (Greene) K. Schum,
Liatrts cy lindracea Michx.
Liatrfs sqtmrrosa (C.) Michx.
Liatris sptcata (L.) Willd.
Liatris aspera Michx.
Vernonia rnfssurica RaE,
Vernonf a Fascf culatn Nfchx.
Vernonia ~igantea (Waft.) Trel.
Elephantopt~s carol inianus Willd.
Arctium minus (Hi 11) Bernh.
Carduus nutnnm L.
Cf rs i trm vulgare (Savi) Tenore
Ci rsium discolor (Muhl . ) Spreng.
Cirsitm altissimum (L.) Spreng.
Centaurea cyanus L.
Cichorium intybus L.
Krigin. dandelion (I,.) Nutt.
Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake
Krigia vi rginica (L. ) Willd.
Krigia oppnsiti folfa Raf.
Taraxacum off icirtale Weber
Sonchus aaper (L.) Hill
Lactuca canadensis L.
Lactttea serriola L.
Laetuca sali~na L.
Lactuca f loridana (L.) Gaertn.
Pyrrhopappw carolinianus (Walt.)
DC .
Prenanthes a1 tisslma L.
Hieracim gronovii L.

APPENDIX 11.
Federal Endangered (FE), Regional Forester's Se~sitive (RFS), Shawnee National
Forest Listed (FL), Illinois Endangered (SE), and Illinois Threatened (ST)
Animal Species
Bantam sunfish
Bluehead shiner
Spring cavefish
Banded pygmy sunfish
Central mudminnow
Flier
Lake chubsucker
Pugnose minnow
Spotted gar
Spotted sunfish
Starhead topminnow
AMPHIBIANS
Green treefrog
Mole salamander
Bird-voiced tree frog
REPTILES
Green watersnake
Diamond-backed watersnake
Flat -headed snake
Mud snake
Western ribbon snake
Indiana bat
Bobcat
Eastern Woodrat
Golden mouse
Swamp rabbit
BIRDS
Bald eagle
Mississippi kite
Bewick' s wren
Black-crowned night -heron
Brown creeper
Cooper's hawk
Great egret
Little blue heron
Imggerhead s t~r i ke
Osprey
Purple Galllnde
Red-shouldered hawk
Snowy egret
Leopomis symmetricus
Notropsis hubbsi
Chologaster agassizi
Elassoma zonatum
Umbra l i m i
Centrarchus macropterus
Erimyzon sucetta
Notrspis emiliae
Lepisosteus occulatus
Lepomis punc ta tus
Fundulus dispar
IIyla cinerea
Ambystoma talpoideum
Hyla avivoca
Nerodia cyclopion
Nerodia rhombifera
Tantilla gracilis
Farancia abacura
Thamnopliis proximus
Myo tis sodalis
Lynx rufus
Neo tonia floridana
Ocl~rotomys nuttalli
Sylvilagus aquaticus
Haliaeetus leuc tcephalus
lctinia missis~ippiensis
Thryomanes bewicki-i
Nycticorax nycticorax
Cer tltia americana
Accipiter cooperii
Casmerodius albus
Egret ta caerul ea
Lan ius ludoviciant~s
PanGion haliaetus
Porphyrula martinica
Buteo lineatus
Egretta thula
RFS, ST
RFS, SE
RFS
RFS
FL
FL
FL
F I,
FL
FL
FL
RFS
FL
FL
FL
FL
FE, SE
FL, ST
FIJ, SE
FY,, S'I'
FL
FE, SE
RFS, SE
FL, ST
FL, SE
FT,, SE
FL, SE
FL, SE
FL, SE
FL, ST
FL, SE
n, SE
FL, SE
El, SE

APPENDIX 111. Illinois Natural rea as Invedtory data for the LaRue--Pine Hills
Ecological Area (1978)
REFERENCE NUMBER: 37
AREA NAME: L:iRue---P ine IIi 11s Ec:olr)gic:aI A~*P:I
NATTJRAI, AREA CATAGORTES R S TGNIFICANT FEATURES :
CAT. CODE / DESCR IPTION
V IJ. S, Forest Service ~co1ogic:al area
T A5. R 1,j mes t.one g1 arle
I R4.16 Spr-it~g cc>rnmur~it.y
T
TV
A5. 14 Acjunt ic: c~:ive c.-ommurt i t. y
Outsta~~rlir~g expcxittr-e of Bn i I t?y C irnestotlr
TT
TI
175
790
Pinus eec:lr inat ;I (Dry, c.ttcrt y s 1 r~yes)
(3r.c?ctt wat,er. s~ialt~ (a! I er* F011(1)
IT 786 F'1 at - huarlrcl st~:tlrra ( R 111 f fs)
TT 73:? Bart t-a~~t sun Tj sh ( Wol f T,;-tlcc?, T,:~Vuca Sw;liltp)
I T 740 R 1 tielicacl sf) i tlfA-.u. (T!v~-'p, t l ~ ii t l y ~ vrifte j if I c ~ 1
TI ~83 East er-11 twotit-at (l3 11-1 Tfd
T I
IT
594
553
Spar-g~tn
Pyt'r~:tr~ L t~r~tttt~n a1 IIPS(.P~~S ( Cfic3t.l y x tolv 1
rn;zt.g i 11s o f Wt9 l f I,~tlrt*>
i tlrn anlca..r i ic:;31111rn (Spr i nc Vc~t crll:fb o f 1,:)Tltir Sr~:l~~ii) ?
IT 1170 T!yctr-ol c%r-1 11r1 i fl or*a ( T,al?iic~ liwrjrrtp :ttlcl Fz' i 11 t c .1.'~ f1r>rt(f
IT 2:3 Ilol, I or] i ;I °I r~ f J FI~ i\ (Pt>ol of ~~31 c3r' at I)i~!i~b of cl i f f arici i rl T,:IRI~F~
TT 6G IIct ~re-t~l t her-:I rt\rl i form is [ 1,;tlturl Sr.u.:trnp)
IT Gf24 GI y~pt- i :3 ar*lc:*~~q~ir~a r,:~Rt.w S~VL+II~!>)
[ T 142 C';I~*F>?: f: i fiit~~ C tAit Wf3 1 for-^^ t 11~)ct r' ~~\r;tmp)
f l 10 CEIL'PX doc:ot~tj.)o~ i I,:\ \V irt t PI" s Pot~(l)
TI 3/11 Ap i (-1s pt‘i c.t':-ti~:~ Zliorr~ of Wo1 1' Tt~~tic"
IT 590 Sol. itfago at-gut a ( CIIP-.~. t y s 1 opes of i\il(:(i~~ FFl i 1 1 ?
T 1 Shr.111) sr~tlrnp
I nil. 11 F'otlrl
V N:i t i onal Na t ur-a l T,uxtrlmark
EXCEPTIONAL FEATTIRES :
CAT. COIII;: ,/ TIISSCRTI'TTON
T A5.7 1, intes t orlr (1 1 i f f c:r>nnnurl i t y
T ~5,3 Ter.r.~s t r. i :t 1 ravr contmrrtl i l y
I A1.9 XPrs i c up1 ard fr3r.t.; f
TT R31 i!r.t,tqrt c:r.rcyeir. ~0I)st~r.vr~l
PI 852 Put-pl e gal 1 irlrlf c-. s r v l I t - i I I t
r1 '11 Rhotfocle*r~r'lr.ort 111. i r~olltly 1 1 ttnt ',(:?tc-*r. t y s 1 O~>PS)
I1 138 Quc?t'c:lts ~~t~ellos i W ~ l tnc.si(- hof,tt,nrlarttt frir.~~c,t)
Sr.r;tml>)
i ri .Jtirlt* l if7G ttc.:~t ~-:w:~m~)'
i r t s o : goc~tJ ti;tl, i t:tI \
IT 220 TI-is ft~llra !T,;tR\trt S\\r;ltnp :~rrrl Wirlt~r.'s follrl)
IT ,?#??I hs~tl i rtrrr t rs i 1 i PI~S (Sll:f(le311 1 i me.; l,ottcl. t-,l i f' f)
11 717 As1)1 f-.rl i ttrn t)r,;tcl I ~y i ( Sf~:-tcl~tl, r*Ilr~i.
at e it1'~3;))
T I 880 f3011r8t
t 3? ': 1 ol>rl) ( F'PIII:~~~ e t-ltltt yotttlg of~ser.~c~cl i 11 i~ttr11t2cIj
TT 332 Sri;:~my) u-:tllf, i t (Coil ec:t,ccl i rt 1950' .s ,!
T T 8f30 I rat (f:olltv,trrl ir~ 1?3!iO's>
TT f!R4 Go1 clvrl ntotisr' ((~a~~f$)rc~al~:; arid ~ I O I I P ~ ~ : IP I C t ~ 1) ~ i ~ (.I;P{ t: )
TT 801 I;o t to11 IIIOLISP ( A (11 161s i i t>r~i~\> 1 t'~>f-~t-[l o f 2 1 !%:3 ( ~ t I ) I P(- t i OFI >
1 7133 S~;r>r.ir~g
rave f i sft ( Spr i rtfts iqrul ~V:II~IJ)
f~ 1nn r\ 1 1 . 0. s ir.7 t 0 T s T r? ~t \

T 1
1 I
T T
f T
T T
Z I
V-CT
V IT
VTT
IV
T T.
'7132 Spt,l l rtl sun f i sh [Wol F l,:tIcf%, Txa12i~c- SF~:I~IT>)
764 St ar.tlc-.nrJ t opnr i tl~lo:+ [ W I ~ I F fake, T,aRtte Swai~ip)
fl T l i r-ri vo ir.c.ct t r-rcl. ft-tjg ( T,:?f?tle Stgartl~j)
789 f;rer?n t r-ec? f t*og ( Srvarngty Ito t f oiri 1 :~rlct ?
79'7 bfilct sllcilrt* f lrol t oni lal~rt; c-01 l ~ c - csr'f C on rrtac.1)
ROf;
S~.;;rrnp
Porid
Spring
Timber 1-8 t tlestlalre (Dl uffs artc3 brjC f,on17 ttrttls ?
C;tvf?
797 blltlcl snake (Cv1 l ec: t ed 1969 near Rl u f F Take)
PRESERVATION VALUE SCORE: 5
EVALUATOR: 8 Tnvent.ory Staff
1JEt;AL L0I:ATION :
TIP RPJG I'M
13s OW 3
11s 13% 3
11s 3W 3
11s 3\v 3
11s 3W 3
11s nw 3
11s nw =r
1 1 s 1314 3
11s 3!'i 3
I IF; nw n
11s nw 3
11s 3\T :r
723 C;W 3
12s 3W 3
SPECIFIC: STREAM : I3.i pr; P.lur.trIy R ivcxr.
STREMI SYSTEM ( Wat,er Sfrecl ) : 21; C ]-ear. C t-~c?k- -FI(>r-scs!,ctr f,;jlt e sys l eiii
T,EG.ISLATIVE DISTRICT: 59
l'TIYSlO(;f?APllTf~ ITNTT: $0 S;t 1 c.m 1" ;t t P ~ I I Sec. t ir)r~
PilA.70R FE RTT fRE : 82 Val 1 ey wall (tfrj ck I iwss)
FlIYSTOGRAPlIlC UNIT: 70 S:t l thrn 1'1 :-l teau Ser: t i oil
MAJOR FE ATLfRK : 763 Bot tt>~nl.artd
TND 1 V TDUAI, TOPOGRAPIITC FEATt1IIES :
1 1.8 Val.1.e~ wall
1
-I 1 $4
Cliff
n-,~, i

QlS"j
4 7 -
N C3
G-i tj
a"' 83
~t-4 2
9 ,
3 4
c-7
IrS
rCI .r4
a r-4
@ T I
*-
E w
*m
3
v, 5

NATURAL DLVISTON AND SECTION: llr
So.rat,llern Sect, ion, 0zar.k Divisiorl
COWUNITY CLASS : I Fut-es t,
RATJTTY XNDEX: 2 Comntrtn
NATURAL QUALITY:
IInkrlown acres of grade C ;
Mature secontl. growth
SAE COVER TYPE : 53 Wf k-i t e oalr
PLANT COFMTJNITY :
208 01 it%j-c-~~s s t e 1 1 at.:^, par; l o;~lz
209 Buer.c:us ve ltr t; i na ,I) I ack oalt
SI~F COVER TYPE : 52 6111i.i te ouir --- l-etf oalr - 11 ickc)ray
NA'I'IJRAL COWITJN T TY
1*5
Mesir: t~piand forest.
NATIJRAI, I) IVIS -;ION AND S~IC'T'JON: 1 11-
So11
t 11c~r-n Sect i on, Oxat-11 TI i v i s i or1
COP@II!NITY CT,ASS : 1 For t.st
RARTTY TNDRX: 3 Oc:c.:qs iol~itl
NATTJRAT, QtJAT,TTY:
llnknowrl ar:r.c?s of gt-arle (1 ;
Mature st.corid growth
SAF COVER TYPE : 59 Yr-tl low pc ,) l :tr. rlrh i t c. oali - nclrt ttt~rn r-prI r)
20f; C)II~~L-C.LIS r-~lf) ra , 1-t~l oalr
l erh)ra r.jt i j , (:]I i 11(1tti-t1) i o;+li
202 Quer.cus tn~tlr
G r"l:er sac-c-llarunt , sugar* tnay l e
SAF COVER TYPE: 57 Yellow poplar'

NATTIRAT, COFF?TTN ITY
5.8
T, i.nes +.one gl adc?
WiiTfIRAT, Tf TV IS TON ANll SECTTOP: I1 c
Sout her-tl Setztion, 0zat.k Uivisiorl
GOP.IP.II!N.TTY C1,ASS : 5 f'r-irn3r.y
RARITY INDEX: 5 Very r-are
NtfTfJRAL QUAT,TTY:
9.00 acres of grxclc 11 :
Essen t ial 1 y tl~~ctis
tur.bec.l
SAF COVER TYPE: * Not co l 1 eel, ecl
PLANT COMF1IJN I TY :
6 hc:t>r sac .i-i~:.tt-~lm, stlgatf i~i~tl3l
138 Lirio(lenclrun tttl i pifrxr-a, I ul ip t rvee
NATIJRA 1, D I. V I S TON AND SECT TON : 1 1 (-
Sot~ t her11 Set: t i on, Ozaric I) i v is ion
COFIMTINITY CT,ASS : 5 rr.in1ar.y
TtAR ITY TNIIRX: 5 Very r*ilt*f?
NATTJRAI, QUALTTY: '
Unknorvrrl rlcr-(3s of graclc? A ;
1711tlj stur-tjec?
Ilnknorvn r?tXrt":: of gt':t(le I) ;
Disf,tl~-I~ed ljy r'e~noval ctf f,a'lt~s
SAF (!OVER TYPE: * Not r.r)l 1ct.tc-vl
NATTJRAL COMfIJNITY
NATURAL DTVISJON AND SECTION: Ilc
Soltteherri Ser-t ion, Ozar-k Division
COmtTJNITY CLASS : 5 PI-iniur-y
RARITY INIIEX: 5 Very rare
NATlfRAI, QIJATJ ITY:
Unlir~owr~ acres of grade J3 ;
- * .. * .. . t
.

PLANT COf.Flf!NT TY :
NATURAL COFfMUNITY
4,16
Spring (:oJnmurli t.y
1 13 Ilrttc.lt~t-~:t I-i r-tt:tr.clso~t i i , a1 umr.r)f)l -
246 Sot i-tfago tlr*\.iri~nro~~(li i , It t~1111111tt~rtcl' s go 1 tlr.rt r.c ,ct
RO Dari t,ttr>l~ ia sp ica t:r, t:trr' I y l';l-;rss
NATURAJ; DIVISION AN11 SECTION: I I (:
Sot1 t her11 Src t i on, Oz:u-k D i v i s ir)n
COPrMIJNTTY CT,ASS : (I Aqlxat i t:
RARITY TNIIEX: 5 Vr.1-y r-;wrS
NATImAI, 911AT,TTY:
1 a 00 acres of grnclc F ;
Irlvad~(1 by \+a l et-crrss, ar. t i fi c: i nl ly potltletl
SAF COVER TYPE: )k Not collet:t,ed
NRTURAI, C0E;IMUN ITY
2.12
T,oess Itlill prairie
NATURAL D f VISION AND SECTJON: I1 c
Sou t htlrrl St?(: t, i 0x1, Ozar lr D ivis ioxt
COL"1P;ICTNITY CT,ASS : 2 Pr.:rr.i c~.
Ri\J7 17'Y INXIEX:
NATURAL QT!AJ, TTY:
5 Vcry rare
TJnlr~~o~crn ai-r'es o F gtkit(lc-? XI ;
Near-] 37 des t I-oyctl by wootly i r,var-; i on, inowi ng, 1 L - ~ I Iit~g I ~ ~
SAT: COVER 'l'Yl'J?: 't: Not c:vllc~t.ie3ri
PLANT COMMUNITY: * Not: c:t>llec:l,ed
NATURAL COFIMUN 1 TY
6.6
Sur~

SAFCOVBRTYPE: % Not: r-nlle

SAF COVER TYPE : 65 f' in oak - --ss~ce t gum
PLANT COFMUN TTY:
NATIJRAL COWUNITY
1.6
Wet f 10odp.tain forest
127 F, i clrt i rl;jm'f,;-tr .; t yrat- i ft !I:\, s~.~?FT f gt~ni
203 Quer-(:us fa1 r:ala var- . ~):tg(jdf;~fo l i~, r:f~~r-r*yb:\r-k ctali--
1 05 Ft.tlx inus ~)f~l~tsy l varf i c'il, ~'erl :~sft
NATIJRAI, DIVISION AND SRCTTON: 12b
So11t.hcrn Sec. , Lorwr- Miss iss i py i River L\olf.o~nl arltlr;
COWUNITY CLASS : 1 Fnt-est
FIARTTY INffEX:
NATIJRATt QIJAI,TTY:
4 Elat-ca
IJnknown acres of grade (: ;
Mature ser:onci gr-ow t El
SAF COVER TYPE : 62 S i 1 ver. may l e--- Amor i c:t~ 6-ll rn
PLANT COWIIlNTTY:
NATIJRAL COPMfJN I TY
4,15
Slrr-lxh swamp
EJA'l'l~T?llT, DTVTSION ANT) SECTION:
fclult~fr-r-n
l2i)
(!OP%lITN TTY CLASS : 1 4(11\a I ir-
RARITY INDEX:
NATIIRAl, QUAT,TTY:
5 Very r5:1r.e
30.0 acres of gt-atle J3 :
W:~!,er level maj 11 \.it irleff t~y clam
204 C)lrrr.r:~lrs p.;tl~~s f r. is , I) in o:ali
137 T,iqu i cJ:-trnf.s:ir* s I,yt-r)t: i f lt~a, SWC~~I j!11111
105 Jcr.:\x i irl~ls perirls y 1 van i (.;I, l.ct.l r't:iff
Soc. , I,(~irl(?r M iss i SR i [)pi Jliver- Bol 1 c3rnl nrlclc
SAF COVER "YPE: * No l t:r) 11 ec: t ed
PJ,ANT COPlr*fITN T TY:
NATIJRAI, CQMMTJN PTY
11. lt
P0lld
335 F'r.;lu i rilli; f orni.t~ t os;t, puittplr irt ;t.;Jt
2'76 Ill n~tts :-tt~~~r-j catla, Aatt3.r.j r:iirl
i i , If t-tt~n1nf~r11:I
P l m
2 Ar:cr clrl uantc~t~t-f
' s L'PC'~ Inilp 1
NATTIRAT, D 1 VTSTON AND SJXT ION: 1 211
So11 I fltbr-tl SCC. , T,oF"J~* Mi :;:; j :;R i [,pi R i si'f%t- Ttof I ontl:3r1(!s

CObNIJNITY CT,hSS : 11. I\qtl;.t.t, i i:
RARITY INDEX: 5 Very rare
NATlJRA I, QUA I, I TY :
74.0 acres of grsactc-. £3 :
It"zt ter I eve? l rn;t i n t ;t i nett by tlarn
SAF COVER TYFJI: * Not (301 1e(: t etf
F'T, ANT COF?F1IYNITY :
65 Cep1l;tl ;lrlt.hus or:ciderl tal i s, but t orlhusl)
NATURAI, DTVIS JON AND SECTION: 1 1 c
Sott t,hern Sec1, ion, OZRE-k D i vi s ion
COM4lJNITY CLASS : 6 Culkural
RARTTY TN1)IIX: 0 Not collcw Let1 or rlol. app 1 i r::~hl r
NATIJRAL QIYALTTY:
tlnlrnc~wn acres of gr:de F: :
Former clear. ing
SAF COVER TYT'R: * Not. c:o l 1 e ct.etl
NATIJRAL COFMUNITY
6.0
If eve1 oped 1 and
NATlTRAT, II IVTS-ION AND SR(:?'TON: 1 if.
So~l~trern Secl irzn, 0zar-k D i tf i s i otl
COP.%aIIIJN ITY CT,rlSS : G Cu 1 t rtrn 1
RARITY ENDEX: 0 Not- (:(?I1 e~-l,~d or- I I O ~ :~\)p 1 i (::I\) 19
NATtlPAT, GIIJATzTTY :
J t acres (7f grarlt'! E ;
klotserl areas, r-oacls , e t r..
SAF COVER TYPE: * Nr) t c:nl I ectetl
PTIANrr COW1 JNITY : * No t cc)l let: tetl
NATIJRAL COmfI.!N TTY
6.2
Crop 1 and

S(~uL1ier-11 Sec. , TAower. bliss j ,.;sippi River. R r ~ tom1 t :i~ltle,
('OMITNTTY CTASS : 6 Gu 1 l rr ~.:t 1
RARITY INIIEX:
NATITRAI, QUAL1 TY:
0 Not collecrted or rtr~t appJi-c:;-tltlt-.
Uriktrowti acres of grade E ;
Cul t iva ted
SAF COVER-TYPE: I Not or11 lectctl
lF'LN.Jfi' CQbBfUN I TY : * Not, t.0 l l. ec t. ecl
NtITIlRAL COMIIJNITY
5. 24
Aquatic cavc cormnull i t y
NATIJRAII, D TVTS TON AND SECTION: 1 1 (:
Scnltliern Sec: t ion, 0z:lr.l~ D i v i s i c->n
COMMUNITY CJ,ASS : 5 Pr-imar-y
RARITY INTIEX: I; Very rar-t.?
NATIJRAI, QUALITY:
Ul~known acres of grarlc A ;
Uricfistut-bed (~rt~en ler.;~I~ I e I)y f_iunr;trls
SAF COVER TYI'E: * Not, t:c) I I b.c: t,ccl
PLANT COP;a(rIIN JTY: * Not cc, 1 I.e(.=t t.ri
NATURAL COMUNTTY
6. t
Artificial pvnd
NATllTIATt DT V1 S TON ANT) SNIT TON: 1 21)
Souttrertl Sec. , I,or.rc?r Mi ss i ss i pp i IE i v ~r. 120 t t ott~
l :+rltts
(:OP;n\lI~NITY CTASS : Ti (:1~1t11r.a1
17ARLTY INTIEX:
Ntlfl'l~liAT, C2ITALTTY:
0 Nof: c:oL l ec; ted or- rloi, :ipp l i (-';it> I ca
fJ111ctto1i11 a(:r'es of gr-aci~ E ;
M:tn - matte
SAF COVER TYPE: % Nt?t r-o1lec;ted
PI,ANT COMIIJNTTY: * Not. co 1 Lec t.cct
DIVERSITY INDEX: 15
TOTAL ACREAGE: 4077
- OWNERSHIP TYFE: I Pr-ival e
2 Pub1.i~

NmBER OF OWNERSHIPS: 5
USE OF NATlJRAT, AREA:
21. J,OW -inl;etls i ty r-ecr-eat ion
22 Braearch nrlc-1 ecfrtca t i on v i s i t s
23 W i ].dl i fe or f istl ntat~agernen t,
32 Grazing (within past year-)
34 Tr~tettsive agr-i clul tur-P
33 Mirring
35 IIi @I- i 11 t enSity rec:r'~81,
i on
41 lniproved road
43 Art i f i c: i a1 wa t.er i mpnttnctmon t
44 Rtl i lditlgs
USE OF StJRfEO1JNI)ING LAND ( k w.i Lt-llarit-1 ) : 60
USE OF SlJRROUNDING LAND ( % farnl.stld ) : 30
USE OF SlTUROUNf) LNG LAND ( hllevel oped Larlrf ) : If)
NEAREST SMSA: 9 St . Lvuis (Ma(lj.son atd St . Cl ai r. t:ot.it~ I; i es)
DISTANCE TO SMSA: 48
Nl-PlDGR OF NEARBY SCIIOOT,S: 3
,, NEARITST SCIIOOT,: 88 Sotlthern I l 1. i nta i s I.Jn i vera i ty, Car-t>oanrl:ll c
Nl-FITJER OF NEARBY D.O.C. FAC11,fTIES: 4
MANAGEABILITY: 1
PRESRRITAT TON S'FATTJS :
2 PII~I 1 i c. l:)r~cf, for-ma1 ly cl~s igllitf p(l
4 Pl.rl~ 1- if: 1 atlrl , not t-P(-ogri
21% it II;~ t III-:I~ : ~ t (\:t
i zetf HS :3 113 f t.tt-a1 : t t * ~
6 I'r ivrt t l and, not pro t ec t t:rl by rtrv\trler. rjr- I t5ssc:t:
TITREATS :
1 T1.rrr.a t of (If-.=, t rr~c- t i r)i2 1.~ i 1 l ~in onr vc':~i-.
IIESCR I PTION: Over.co1 1 ect- j 11.g (3 f r.ar.t.. spw: i er;
1 Thr-?-at of clr>s I + U C ~ ~ f i 011 w i t lti n ont. par.
DESCRIPTION: Clre~nit.al pol lut, i otl to Wo tf 1,ali.e ft.o~n powc1c.t- r'o
SPEC f 11s T,TSTS :
1 Wooily p 1 an t s
2 Fcr-11s and fern a1 1 ips
3 S~~rnrtter
b j r~ls
11 Arnk)lt i.b i arts, r-ep t i 1 r s , z~rtct nranrrna I s
5 Other sprcies I is f.
SAMPLING FOR81S:
4 Pt-air ie f t'equency
D ISCUSSION OF PRESHIlVATICtN SALIJES:
The LaRut.. - P itle EIi l 1 s E(-t )l ogi (-:I 1 Are;\ i s a very 1 :3rqg", vcr-y cli v~-zr.r;e
:~r.f*a, pr*ot tlct rvl fly t tic. S11:.t1vrtec N;t t i onal Frjr~s I . Tllc ;I t-ct;\ t t : ~
qttnlity rmtur-a1 c:c>ti~ntrnurli t ies (HI the llltlff,.: atit1 it) t,tw 1)vl t oriil;~tltl.;.
pir)p fTills is ~ l r ~ t r tfor f it:; tl;;\tive sho~.l
vet-y h i gft
loar pirlrs; tltv er~l irr3 :~r-cxa,
irtcli-ttl ir~g t.hc swrunpy bot t.t>r~ilancj, i s knowt~ as praeserl t: (31' r.oc.~n t, fraf~ i t 3 t
Fr\r ~l.rr\al t 27 r-2t-P I l~t*p:~ I PIIP~~ . {I, t~~~~f:~~~cff~r~ri
r)l $11) 1 :-~II(] 31) i III>I 1 qr>c>cvi
(-

APPENDIX IV. Candidate ~egional Fo~es te: ', s ~ensi tive Species (RFS) and Shawnee
National Forest is t&d (FL*) .plant species. Also indicated are
those Under Federal Review '(UFR) , State Endangered (SE) , and
State Threatened (ST)
I
Apios priceana Price's yraundnut UFR,RFS,SE
Aspl eni cini brad1 eyi Bradl e): 's spI eer.\wor t FL, s-r
Asplenium resiliens EjlaicC:: spleer-lwotr.t Fk- , $3-I-
Eotrychium biternatum Sauthern grape fer-n FL, SE
Carex decompasita Sedge tzL , SE
Carex giqantea Sedge
Carex physarhyncha Sedge
HFS, SE
F'L , SE
Carya pallida Pale hicl::ory FL, SE
E~rpator ium i ncarnatum Thr-c3uyhwsrt fzL , SE
Gl ycer i a ar kansana Manna qr-a& R~ZS, SE
Weteranthera reniCarmis Mud pLantatn lzl- , SE
Hydrast i s canadensi s Gul denseal
F-'L, S.,
Iris fulva Swamp red iris Fl, , S-I
Mel athr i a pencjul a Squi r t i ng c:~tc:urrtber-
Panax qui nquef ol i a Gi nser~g .
F'ani cum joor i F'ar3i c grass
Paspal urn b~ishi i Hal r- y bead grass
F'inus ectlinata Short l eaf pine
Palygonurn lanyistylum Smartweed
FL, SE
1-l- , -'I-
F::' 1- , S E
Pti 1 imnium nuttal l i Mock bi.st.scsp's weed F:L, SE
F'uccinellia pallida Grass HFzS, SE
Fycnan thernttrrj a1 besrens WI-li .te rr~uctr? tai ri mi r~l: FL., SE
Quercus phkl los Wi 1 low oak FL , S'T'
Rubusi er~clenii Arching dewbev-r-y F'L , CjE
Saqittaria langirostra Ar~~uwt-iead FL, SE
Sci r-pus verecundus bul rush FL., SE
Sol idago aryuta Go1 denrad
. . FL, SE
Sparganiurrl chlarocar-purrs Gr-eer-1.-fr-uiteci burr-eed FL,SE

-
APPENDIX V,
Copy of Page 21, Shawnee National Forest, Land and Resource Management Plan,
Final Environmental Impact Statement, Appendix E illustrating the role of the
LaRue-Pine HillslOtter Pond Research Natural Area in natural diversity

1
SAF Cover Type
cover types in relation to RNA1s
* r , t
#
' - APPrnIX E
hkaluat ion of Proposed Rta' s
Yes : In PWA in Kentucky, 1968
: RNA Directory
Yes : Midwest exanple
Yes : Not in any RNA
Yes : Plidwest example
Yes : Midwest exanple
Yes : Central llidwest example
No : In RNA in Irlrfiana
T;k> : In RlU. in Indiana
Yes : Not in any RNA, Piorthem
: Example
Yes : !lot in any RbIA
Yes : Not in any RNA
Yes : Ebrthern exanlple
Yes : [Jot in any Rt?A
This table is from a Regional Office 4060 rrerr~ dated October 27, 1983. The rn
recomnends that we provide minimrm coverage of all SAF cover types indicated as
needed in the above table.
A 4060/1920 merno from the Regio~lal Office dated Decerrber 22, 1983, updates the above tab:
?his memo places SAF cover types into three categories. One, in which there is
no representative nationally; two, a category in wtlich there is only one RNA
representative; and three, a category in which there are two RNA's representing
the cover type. Rese categories are as follows:
Not Represented III one Ita In two RNA's
SAF 40 SAF 55
SAF 53
Based on the above infomti-on, est&lishn : of the following RNA proposals
were recmnded to provide minimrm coverag@ of the needed SAF cover types.
SAF Cover Types
Atwwd Ridge 40, 44, 52, 60
Barker Bluff 40, 46, 52
Burke Branch 40, 52, 53
Lahe Pine Hills/Otter Pond 40, 52, 59, 60, 65, 75, 76, 87
Panther Ebllaw 40, 54, 55
SIIAIJPa IUTIONAL FOREST - FIPW EIS E-21
A-29

APPENDIX VI.
Copies of pages selected from the Shawnee National Forest, Land and Resource
Management Plan documents describing the LaRue-Pine Hills/~tter Pond Research
Natural Area and documenting the recommendations of the Forest for its designation
and management

thrphysborn Ranger District
13. Od-d Kite Site
14. Toothless Cave
15. Cave Spring Cave
16. Big Bayou Kite Site
Jonesboro Ranger District
2. Clear Creek Swamp
3. Labe Pine Hills/Otter Pond
4. Opossurn Trot Trail
5. Ozark Hill Prairies
6. \blf Creelc Area
7. Bald Yaob Geological
I11
Affected Eirvironment
Petailed descriptions of each of these sites is in the planning record.
Analysis details are in Appendix F of this FBIS.
I Research Natural Areas
Research liatural Areas are protected areas reserved for nonmanipulative
research observation and study. Each area is part of a national network
representing a ftlll array of tl~rth American ecosys , biological
cmrnities , habitats, and phcnorrena, and geological hydrological
fonr7a t ions and conditiuns . Research llatural Areas (RNA' s ) are established by
the Chief of the Forest Service.
There are currently no RM's estnbl-ished on the Shawnee National Forest;
htmver, four separate proposals have been submitted to the Forest Supervisor
for consideration.
As a result of the four proposals submitted to the Forest Supervisor, the
follmJing twelve areas were considered for Research Natural Area designation
in the planning process :
SIUIEEE NATIONAL FOREST - FIIU EIS 3-35

I -
I Appendix
I11
Affected EsLvirmnt
Atwwd Ridge
Barker Bluff
Btrrke Branch
Iknnisan Hollclw
f.(askaskia
Panther Holluw
Woopie Cat Mountain
Ozark llill Prairies
Lahe Pine Hills
Otter Ptrnd
Cave Hill
Stone face
Table 3-15
Pecmnded Research Platural Areas
1/ Ilw? acreage shm is as originally proposed. Some mdificaticms have been
made in individual alternatives (see Appendix E).
Detailed descriptions of each area and the analysis of RNA proposals is in
E of this FEIS.
Paadless Areas
me .Shawnee Natimal Forest does not currently have any areas designated as
units of the National kJildemess keservatio~~ System. It does, hmever, have
riine roadless areas which are being consi.dered for their potential as
wilderrless or for nonwildemess uses. lhese areas and their acreage are:
Table 3-16
Roadless Areas
Roadless Area Size (k. WS Land)
Bald bob
Burden Falls
Burke Brarlch~
Clear Springs
Garden of the Gads
Lusk Creek
Murray Bluff
Panther Den
Ripple Hollm
'Ihese nine areas were originally inventoried in 1977 during the second
badless Area Review and Evaluation. This study came to be known as PMX I1
and was completed in 1979 with the issuance of a Final Envirotn~ental
Statant. Four areas totaling 15,093 acres were reccmmended for wilderness
study: Garden of the Gods, Bald Knob, Clear Springs, and Panther Den. mree
areas totaling 13,143 acres were reconmnded for non-wilderness management:
l.lurray Bluff , Burke Branch, and Ripple Hollag. Ikm areas totaling 0,883 acres
rere recmnded for further evaluation: hsk Creek and Burden Falls,

Alternative I sizes minternee and e t of wildlife ha11it:at and
preservation unique natural features. A variety of mtorized artd
torized recreation features are provided. A11 proposed Resenrct~ Natural
are rec d for further evaluation.
I-gmnt Prescription 8.1
Kaskaskia Expermtal Forest
Magenent Prescription 8.2
- -- mrrr.nm:
Barker Bluff
Amd Ridge
Burke Branch
- LaRue Pine Hills
Otter Pond .
Denniscm ffolla~
Cave Hill
Stonef ace
Ozark lifll Prairie
Woopie Cat Mountain
Panther Wollcrw
8
A-33
MATTWA~. FC)WT - FINAL EIS

4, .
4
Special Features
s appendix lists areas of si cant physical, biological and cultural
tures. Where necessary, addi 1 Momtion is provided to assist in
gement on an are
The following areas are assigned to Prescription 8.1 to provide for
on-going natural resource research t
1 -
Size (Aexes)
Palzo Reclamation Project 325
Dixon Springs Agricultural Research Station 4259
Kaskaskia Ekperimental Forest 2169
Sugar Creek Seed Orchard 105
1 Ihe following areas are assigned to Managent Prescription 8.2 (except as
I noted) to provide for the preservation and protectiorl of their unique
scientific or educational values. he or more natural area categories
(National Natural Tan rk, Pesearch tJatura1 Area Candidate, Botanical kea ,
etc.) may be assigned to an individual site as warranted.
lhese areas are managed for their lancknarlc features Fn accordance with the
Forest-wide Standards and Guidelines and those in the bknagerrrnt Prescription
j S~W.
Bell Smith Springs
LaRutl: Pine Hills
Little Grand Canyon
Lwk Creek
Total Acres
Candidate Research tJatura1 Areas (MU)
Mgmt . Prescript ion Size (Acres)
The following areas will be nlax~aged for the site specific features listed.
Directim is found in the Forest-wide Standards and Guidelines and those in
Planagmnt Prescription 8.2. Tf through evaluation at higher orgar~izatioral
levels and area(s) is not accepted into the National Systen, it will continue
to be managed under Elanagmt Prescription 8.2 ( r j r in case of Kaskaskia, 8.1)
for the life of the plan.
SHAWNEE MTIOPfAL l!lXEST - FOREST PLAT1 E-1

mmLX E
Special Features
Burke Branch
Cave ftill
Stmeface
bison tfollm
&ark Iiill Prairie
Panther f Iollm
Wtloopie Cat tmtain
Kaskasl: t
Total
. * 1
\
klanagemet~ t
Prescription Size (acres
Tt~e Atwood Ridge PSIA proposal is locatect Fn portions of Sections 4, 5, 8, 9,
16, and 17, T13S, WJ, Jonesboro Ranger District, Union Cxunty.
Area :
955 acres
SAF Cover Types Identified in Area:
General Information:
The area ir~cludes a relic stand of chestnut oak as well as fhgnolia acuninata
and azalea near the western edge of their respective ranges. ht addition, the
area includes a number of Indian burial sites. llle area is an exmrple of dry,
upland Illinois forest. Portj-ons of the northern part of Atwood Ridge have
been clearcut. Aside frcm the clearcuts, the area could provide baseline
Momtion on succession in upland hardwood forests.
Selective logging has occurred otl some portimls of the area. There remains
representative mqture dry upland forest stands with chestnut oaks that are
essentially undisturbed. Jn many places, t h e steep slope tMer was left
(including many chestnut oaks) .
A hiking trail exists within the area.
Purpose and Special Features:
To maintain 'the natural character of a large upland area with a diversity of
habitats and to protect the follc~~ing special features:
-Dry upland forest dcminated by the rock chestnut oak (wereus prints).
R-2 SHI\InNE NATIOIW FOREST - M3REST A-35

I
APPrnrn E
Special Features
LdRue Pine HillslOtter Pond
beat ion :
* 1
"9 *
The area is located in portions of Sections 4, 9, 10, 15, 16, 21, 22, 27, 28,
33, and 34, T11S, R3W, Junesboro er District, Union County.
Area :
3,547 acres.
SAF Cover Types :
SAF 40, SAF 52, SAF 59, SAF 60, SAF 65, SAF 75, SAF 76, ShF 87.
General Momtian:
LaRue Pine Mlls is the most diverse ecosystem in Illinois. The area
contains 43% of all the vascular plant species knawn to occur in Illinois.
There have been two proposals for designation of the LaRue Pine Hills/Otter
Pond area. 'Ihe area to be studied for EUW designation incorporated all past
proposals and suggestions. The aren has received little disturbance and is
predominately natural in appearance. Sm timber cutting and farming occurred
long ago, but there is little evidence of these activities. Although there is
a public road along the east bountlary, the aren receives lirriited recreation
use due to the steep topography and swamps. fbderate mur~ts of fishing and
waterfowl hunting occw in the swamps.
Purpose and Special Features:
To maintain the natural character of a large, mstly forested area with a
diversity of habitats and species and to protect m y significant plant and
animal species.
This area contains one of m1.y tm native starids of shortleaf pine in Illinois
and also contains practically the entire Illinois population of the eastern
woodrat: (t?eotcxna f loridana) .
Ecological research has been cur~ducted in this area for many years.
Federal Threatened and Endangered Species:
-Indiana Bat (1Iyotis sodalis) .
~erisitive Species (proposed) :
-Price ' s groundnut (Apios priceria) .
-Manna grass (Glyceria arkansana) .
-Grass (~ucinenia palIi&).
-Sedge (Carex gigantea) .
E-12 S w
FIATIONAL FOPZST - FOREST PJAN

Forest Listed Species:
-Bradely ' s Spleenrmrt lenixm bradleyi) .
-Sedge .
-f-h_ld P1 a renifods).
-@e-Flower Hydrolea (tIyydroolea miflora).
-Swm Red Iris (Iris hrlval.
-bit;? Ebmmt
-'IJillclw Oak
-Goldenrod (
as tern' lbodrat (t?ekt-floridana i~lkoensis ) .
-Bobcat (Lynx LUf-5).
-Golden Ebuse (Ochrotomys nutallii). -
Other Natural Areas
NPmU E
Special Features
Each of these areas will be maged for ttw protection or perpetuation of
their individual speci-al feature (s) . ?he nmagm~nt of each area will be me
of three methods.
Areas over 10 acres in size will be managed in mst cases as separate and
individual parts of the 8.2 Hh~agenlent Area.
Ebst areas less than 10 acres in size will be managed as inclusions within
other Planagent Areas. The standards and guidelines established for
Managemnt Area 8.2 will also apply to these areas.
the rerrlairling cases, the areas are nlanaged for their special feature as
part of a rnich larger or higher level designated special feature or as part of
an area proposed for Congressional study. A r k exanple is a natural area within
an Experbntal Forest: or an area proposed for wilderness study. Sonu2 natural
areas are within further study ma~~agemnt areas (9.2 or 9.3), their identity
pending Congressional action. If studied but not designated by Congress,
natural areas within these mtagerrmt areas will be assigned to the 8.2
Managenrnt prescription.
Nationally recogmi zed and cles igna ted speci.al features management (IJilderness ,
IJational kgister of ili.storic Site:;, Experimental Forest, etc.) will take
pre:edm~t over other special features if such conflicts should arise.
All recognized natural areas have been filrther classified into one of the
following 4 categories: Botanical Area, Ecological Area, Geological Area, or
Zoological Area. Illis cl.assification is based upon the dominant or
outstanding special feahrre of each natural area. S ~ natural E areas may
contain features of 2 or mre categories, but only one category assignment has
been made for each area.
SI?,AIJNEE PJATIONAL, FOREST - FOREST PLAN E-13
A-27