OUSEION - Memorial University's Digital Archives Initiative ...
OUSEION - Memorial University's Digital Archives Initiative ... OUSEION - Memorial University's Digital Archives Initiative ...
II2 LIZ WARMAN within the context of early Greek literature. uncontroversiaVo In the Theogony. Hesiod's race of women resembles drone-bees who stay inside the beehive (EVToc8E IlEVOVTEC. 598). EAlTlc. figured as a woman in a house. is associated in its immediate context with Pandora. the first woman ever made. 2' As Pandora is taken to wife by heedless Epimetheus. so. as Hesiod's image implies. EAlTlc is admitted into Epimetheus' house. EAlTlc. like a bride. lives with a man. becomes part of his household. Diseases. by contrast. wander the world freely of their own devices (atJTOllaTol. Op. 103). completely beyond a householder's ken. 22 What Hesiod means. according to Dover. is that man is the overseer of his own EATIIc, but at the mercy of diseases. 2J This overstates the control men have over EATIlc. Diseases, EAlTlc and Pandora are all divine gifts and therefore cannot be avoided. They are part and parcel of the human condition. But whereas diseases are known evils, never willingly accepted. EAlTlc is, like Pandora. an evil that men will embrace (KaKov all
HOPE INA JAR II3 less undeniably bad thing. a delusive "hope. "24 Interpreters who have missed the Pandora-EATTic analogy have supposed Hesiod's €ATTic to be a good thing. Moschopulus infers that Zeus punishes men by leaving EATTic in the jar "so as to leave them no trace of encouragement" (we I-lllOE Ixvoe TTapal-lveiae a\JTole EeXeElv. ad Op. 96). For West. EATTIc is an "antidote to present ills." but one permitted to men by Zeus. 25 Picard explains the presence of good EATTIe in a jar otherwise full of ills as Hesiod's incomplete reduction of the two (sid TTieOl of Zeus in 11. 24.527 to a single nieoe with mixed contents. Hesiodic pessimism leads to an attempt to suppress the jar of goods altogether. "mais il se trahit. en y laissant l'Esperance."26 Recently. Lauriola has proposed that the jar's mixed good and bad contents make it a match for the fallen world itsel£.2 7 But any reading that entails an unhomogeneous mixture in the jar is. as Fink has noted...nicht logischer. "28 That homogeneity must be maintained is strongly suggested by the contents of actual storage nieOl. which held, for example. only grain. only oil. only wine. 29 Accordingly. the jars on the threshold of heaven from which Zeus dispenses changes to men's fortunes store goods separate from ills (11. 24.529-30). No post-Hesiodic version of our story makes the contents of the jar a mixture of goods and ills. 3D Philodemus (On Piety 51.4) reports the fall of men through the escape into the world of ills from a jar containing only ills. while Macedonius (AP IO.7r) and Babrius (58) depict the fall as the flight of goods from jars containing only goods. EATTIe in the Pandora story must be regarded as an ill remaining in a jar that once contained it and other illsY 24 Emphasis here is on the visual aspect of womanly EAnlc. But Pucci (1977) 105 implies another link between Pandora and EAnlc: "The discourse of Elpis is without grounds and far from truth. tending towards emptiness and vanity." Pandora also lies (Op. 78). 25 West (1978) 169. 26 Picard (1932) 54. 27 Lauriola (2000) 12-13. 28 Fink (1958) 70. 29 For the use of ni801 as storage jars on MBA Crete see Cullen and Keller (1990) 190-191; for their use in LBA Macedonia see Wardle (1987) 317-318,328 329: for their use in Dark Age Boeotia see McDonald (1983) 37-40. 3D Panofsky (1956) 7. 3' A recent interpretation by Beall (1990) 227-230 preserves homogeneity. but at too great a cost. Beall urges us to relinquish the idea that the jar ever contained any ills. Goods flew out when Pandora opened it. and EAnlc is a good to combat ever-present ills. Beall thus overlooks the flight of diseases from the jar which Hesiod elaborates in detail.
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HOPE INA JAR II3<br />
less undeniably bad thing. a delusive "hope. "24<br />
Interpreters who have missed the Pandora-EATTic analogy have supposed<br />
Hesiod's €ATTic to be a good thing. Moschopulus infers that Zeus<br />
punishes men by leaving EATTic in the jar "so as to leave them no trace of<br />
encouragement" (we I-lllOE Ixvoe TTapal-lveiae a\JTole EeXeElv. ad Op. 96).<br />
For West. EATTIc is an "antidote to present ills." but one permitted to<br />
men by Zeus. 25 Picard explains the presence of good EATTIe in a jar otherwise<br />
full of ills as Hesiod's incomplete reduction of the two (sid TTieOl<br />
of Zeus in 11. 24.527 to a single nieoe with mixed contents. Hesiodic pessimism<br />
leads to an attempt to suppress the jar of goods altogether.<br />
"mais il se trahit. en y laissant l'Esperance."26 Recently. Lauriola has<br />
proposed that the jar's mixed good and bad contents make it a match for<br />
the fallen world itsel£.2 7 But any reading that entails an unhomogeneous<br />
mixture in the jar is. as Fink has noted...nicht logischer. "28<br />
That homogeneity must be maintained is strongly suggested by the<br />
contents of actual storage nieOl. which held, for example. only grain.<br />
only oil. only wine. 29 Accordingly. the jars on the threshold of heaven<br />
from which Zeus dispenses changes to men's fortunes store goods separate<br />
from ills (11. 24.529-30). No post-Hesiodic version of our story<br />
makes the contents of the jar a mixture of goods and ills. 3D Philodemus<br />
(On Piety 51.4) reports the fall of men through the escape into the world<br />
of ills from a jar containing only ills. while Macedonius (AP IO.7r) and<br />
Babrius (58) depict the fall as the flight of goods from jars containing<br />
only goods. EATTIe in the Pandora story must be regarded as an ill remaining<br />
in a jar that once contained it and other illsY<br />
24 Emphasis here is on the visual aspect of womanly EAnlc. But Pucci (1977)<br />
105 implies another link between Pandora and EAnlc: "The discourse of Elpis is<br />
without grounds and far from truth. tending towards emptiness and vanity."<br />
Pandora also lies (Op. 78).<br />
25 West (1978) 169.<br />
26 Picard (1932) 54.<br />
27 Lauriola (2000) 12-13.<br />
28 Fink (1958) 70.<br />
29 For the use of ni801 as storage jars on MBA Crete see Cullen and Keller<br />
(1990) 190-191; for their use in LBA Macedonia see Wardle (1987) 317-318,328<br />
329: for their use in Dark Age Boeotia see McDonald (1983) 37-40.<br />
3D Panofsky (1956) 7.<br />
3' A recent interpretation by Beall (1990) 227-230 preserves homogeneity.<br />
but at too great a cost. Beall urges us to relinquish the idea that the jar ever contained<br />
any ills. Goods flew out when Pandora opened it. and EAnlc is a good to<br />
combat ever-present ills. Beall thus overlooks the flight of diseases from the jar<br />
which Hesiod elaborates in detail.
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