Boating and Sailing.pdf - Moja ladja

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Part 1: Getting Started in Boating
Two-Cycle Outboard Oils
With two-cycle motors, the oil is mixed with the fuel and burned in the firing chamber.
It’s critical that the oil maintains its lubricating capabilities right up to the moment it’s
fired off, and then that it burns along with the gasoline,
Look Out!
Automatic oiling systems
work great—as long as you
remember to keep the oil reservoir
filled. Keep an eye on the
warning light on the dash, and
as a safety measure refill the oil
tank each time you fill the fuel
tank. (A warning horn will tell
you if you’re dangerously low on
oil, but by the time it goes off,
damage may have already
occurred.)
leaving behind a little carbon, which can foul the plugs
or gum the rings.
These days, most motors from 40 horses up have automatic
oiling systems, which means you put the oil in a
separate tank and the motor meters just the right
amount for various speeds, ranging from as little as
200:1 (200 parts gasoline to 1 part oil) at idle up to as
much as 50:1 at full throttle.
This results in less oil consumption and less fouling
than with the old way of doing things, which was to
pour the oil directly into the gas tank at a ratio of 50:1
and hope it mixed adequately with the fuel to keep the
motor from frying.
Bet You Didn’t Know
The outboard companies would love you to buy their particular brand of oil at $15 a
gallon. It’s top-flight stuff, to be sure, but any oil that is rated TCW-3 by the Society of
Automotive Engineers meets the requirements of the warranty, and you can go down to
your Wal-Mart store and get no-name oil for about half that price. Particularly with
larger motors, the savings can be huge over a year of running.
Or, if you’d prefer the quality spread but at a reduced price, take your own clean gallon
container to the nearest dealership and have him pump it full from his 50-gallon
stock drum. The price will be about two-thirds to three-quarters of the price of buying it
off the shelf.
Innies and Outies—Inboard/Outboards
Inboard/outboards (I/Os) or stern drives have become the second-most popular form of
propulsion for recreational boats. Their advantages are several:
◆ Automotive-type engines are available in larger sizes than outboards, up to more
than 500 horsepower.
◆ Four-cycle inboard/outboard engines are more economical on fuel than two-cycle
outboard engines and don’t require oil to be mixed with the fuel.