Boating and Sailing.pdf - Moja ladja

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25 Chapter The Mechanics of Sailing In This Chapter ◆ What makes a sailboat sail? ◆ Rigging the sails ◆ Getting underway on your first sailing trip ◆ Downwind turns and all that jibe ◆ Zig-zagging away—sailing upwind and the art of tacking By now you have some idea of the sailor’s vocabulary and the different types of sailboats that are out there. But before you jump on board and sail off into the wild blue yonder, there are a few basics you need to know. In this chapter, we’ll tackle the nitty-gritty of sailing, including the basics of rigging the sails, and then leaving the dock and going for a sail across the bay under the power of the wind. You’ll also learn the basics of turning under sail, going both upwind and down. Why Sailboats Sail A sailboat sails on the same principle that allows an aircraft to fly. Air passing over a rounded or convex section, be it a wing or a curved sail, goes faster than
332 Part 7: Sailing, Sailing … across a flat or concave section because it has to travel a greater distance to the aft edge. This creates a lower pressure on the convex side than on the concave side, according to Bernoulli’s principle. (There’s that pesky ninth grade science again.) So, there’s less pressure on the convex or leeward side of the sail than on the concave or windward side, and a lifting force is exerted toward the convex side. Actually, a sail is so thin that by this logic, the difference in speed between one side of a sail and the other would be negligible, and there would be no lift. Also, even if there was a big difference in distance traveled on the two sides of the sail, there is no law of physics that says that the air has to take the same amount of time to travel to the back of the sail on either side, and indeed wind tunnel demonstrations show that this condition is usually not met. So this explanation of lift is all wrong on several counts, but what the heck, it’s still the one they use at the very best sailing schools …. Lift is created in sails when air flows faster over the convex, leeward side than over the concave, windward side. Increased pressure Reduced pressure Mast Mainsail This gives lift in an aircraft wing and thrust in a sailboat. But in a sailboat, no mechanical power is required—you travel on the power of the flowing air alone. A keel in the sailboat “stiffens” the boat, holding it from blowing sideways or even over on its beam ends with the pressure of the sail. (A boat rolled on its beam ends is flipped up on its side, on the verge of capsizing.) The keel acts on somewhat the same principle as the sail—it’s a rounded “hydrofoil,” and when directed slightly to windward by the rudder, it generates lift in that direction. The force acting on the sail is balanced by appropriate steering with the force acting on the keel, and the boat goes straight ahead. Many larger sailboats have weighted keels that function as “ballast,” a righting force when winds threaten to capsize the boat. Smaller boats depend on movement of the crew from gunnel to gunnel to act as ballast. Wind
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Boating and Sailing Second Edition
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Contents at a Glance Part 1: Gettin
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Contents Part 1: Getting Started in
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Contents Watch Where You Tow ......
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Contents 9 Nautical Knots 129 When
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Contents 14 Nautical Radio Gear and
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Contents Fire Aboard ..............
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Contents Safe Downwind Turns ......
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Introduction As Ted Turner once sai
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oat, and offers some tips on how to
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Special Thanks to the Technical Rev
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Welcome to the Wet and Wonderful Wo
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What Kind of Boat Will Your Money B
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Freeboard Waterline Draft Bow Forwa
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Chapter 1: Welcome to the Wet and W
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Performance boats usually have a de
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plenty of time to go anywhere in a
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Power to the People— Marine Engin
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Tab Propeller Let’s run through t
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Chapter 2: Power to the People—Ma
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the top of the cylinder then shoots
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Low-Speed Fuel Gobblers Chapter 2:
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38 Part 1: Getting Started in Boati
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5 Chapter Getting Underway for the
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Chapter 5: Getting Underway for the
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The Art of Cornering Chapter 5: Get
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This sort of slow-down infuriates s
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8 Chapter Anchors Aweigh! Making Yo
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Chapter 8: Anchors Aweigh! Making Y
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If You Lose Your Anchor Chapter 8:
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The Least You Need to Know Chapter
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Paddle Power: Canoes, Kayaks, and R
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In general, the lighter a canoe for
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Canoes that have rocker in the keel
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Chapter 10: Paddle Power: Canoes, K
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Rowboats are also a favorite of ang
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3 Part Getting from Point A to Poin
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14 Chapter Nautical Radio Gear and
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Chapter 14: Nautical Radio Gear and
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The Lingo of VHF Chapter 14: Nautic
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The Color of Water Chapter 14: Naut
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4 Part Nature’s Triple Play: Wind
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210 Part 4: Nature’s Triple Play:
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Mastering the Tides In This Chapter
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Chapter 16: Mastering the Tides In
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Chapter 16: Mastering the Tides Cur
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Chapter 16: Mastering the Tides tha
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Chapter 16: Mastering the Tides In
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The Least You Need to Know Chapter
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Gearing Up for Safety In This Chapt
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Chapter 17: Gearing Up for Safety I
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Chapter 17: Gearing Up for Safety W
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Fire Extinguishers Chapter 17: Gear
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Chapter 17: Gearing Up for Safety T
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Chapter 17: Gearing Up for Safety m
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248 Part 5: Staying Safe Afloat Tel
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250 Part 5: Staying Safe Afloat Doc
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252 Part 5: Staying Safe Afloat ◆
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254 Part 5: Staying Safe Afloat Slo
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264 Part 5: Staying Safe Afloat ◆
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268 Part 5: Staying Safe Afloat Boa
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The Well-Equipped Nautical Toolbox
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Chapter 20: The Well-Equipped Nauti
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Slippery Subject Chapter 20: The We
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Page 383 and 384: 360 Appendix A quartering seas Wave
Page 385 and 386: 362 Appendix A trimaran A boat with
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Page 390 and 391: Boating Online C Appendix There are
Page 392 and 393: Index A adjustable tools, 275-276 a
Page 394 and 395: classifications boat safety, 256 bo
Page 396 and 397: fire extinguishers automatic fire s
Page 398 and 399: knives Leathermans, 277 Swiss Army
Page 400 and 401: numbers and licenses, 243 nun buoys
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speed considerations docking, 93 hi
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prop ventilation, 79 sails, 336-337
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A Little Knowledge Goes a Long Way
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