ROMAN URBAN TOPOGRAPHY in Britain and the western Empire

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Contents Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Contributors............................................................................. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction: the study of Classical urban topography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Francis Grew and Brian Hobley Part I Pre-Roman Aspects of urbanization in northern Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Barry Cunliffe Part II The planning and building of Roman towns Ground survey and measurement in Roman towns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O A W Dilke The mechanics of the building trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roger Ling Who paid for public buildings in Roman cities? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R P Duncan-Jones Civic Pride: a factor in Roman town planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S S Frere Roman towns and their plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Richard Reece The functions of urban buildings: some problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JS Wacher The Roman housing market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John Casey Part III Roman towns in Italy and the west Urbanization in the three Gauls: some observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J F Drinkwater Forum and Capitolium in the early Empire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Malcolm Todd Part IV Towns in Roman Britain Geography and the growth of towns, with special reference to Britain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peter Salway The quick and the dead: suburbs, cemeteries, and the town . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Simon Esmonde Cleary Colchester: the mechanics of laying out a town . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Philip Crummy New streets for old: the topography of Roman Lincoln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael J Jones London in the 1st and early 2nd centuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dominic Perring London in the 3rd and 4th centuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peter Marsden Aspects of the topography of Wroxeter (Viroconium Cornoviorum) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Philip Barker Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V vi vii vii Viii 1 6 14 28 34 37 41 43 49 56 67 74 78 86 94 99 109 118
Illustrations Fig 1 Miletus Fig 2 Cosa Fig 3 Timgad Fig 4 Ordona: the layout of the forum area Fig 5 Ordona: section through the forum Fig 6 Lepcis Magna Fig 7 Plan of an aqueduct near Tusculum Fig 8 Tombstone of T Statilius Aper in the Musei Capitolini, Rome Fig 9 Altar (now lost) from Piercebridge, Co Durham, dedicated by Attonius Quintianus Fig 10 Exercise using right-angled triangle, from a land surveyors’ manual Fig 11 Boys of Silcoates School, near Wakefield, using a model groma made by the Wakefield Schools Museum Service Fig 12 Iron decempeda ends from Enns, Austria Fig 13 Bronze mitre square (norma) Fig 14 Portable sundial in the Oxford Museum of the History of Science Fig 15 Units of area measurement in Roman land surveying Fig 16 Simplified plan of Roman York Fig 17 The Forma Urbis Romae, compiled soon after AD 200 Fig 18 Conventional symbols used on the Forma Urbis Romae Fig 19 Architect’s plan, now in Perugia, of funerary buildings Fig 20 Incised elevation of an arch, used to guide masons constructing the amphitheatre at Capua Fig 21 Ashlar construction in Sarno stone at Pompeii Fig 22 Limestone colonnade in the Forum at Pompeii Fig 23 Method of transporting stone devised by Paconius, a lst-century BC engineer, and described by Vitruvius Fig 24 Painting from Stabiae showing builders at work Fig 25 Reconstruction of Roman derricks, based on (above) the painting from Stabiae (cf Fig 24) and (below) a relief from Capua Fig 26 Stone wall construction using anathyrosis (rebating to make unmortared edges fit tightly) and clamps and dowels Fig 27 Bronze clamp, set in lead in a dovetail socket, joining two blocks of a door-sill Fig 28 Mortared rubble work with tile bonding-courses in a bath building at Oenoanda in Lycia Fig 29 Brick rib from the vault of the Great Bath at Bath Fig 30 ‘Temple of Janus’ at Autun, showing putlog holes in regular courses Fig 31 The method of constructing a concrete wall Fig 32 Concrete wall with facings of opus incertum (top), opus reticulaturn (centre), and brickwork (bottom) Fig 33 Rubble-faced wall at Pompeii, showing a building line at a height of about 2m vi Fig 34 Opus reticulatum at Pompeii, showing colour patterns Fig 35 Brick-faced wall at Pompeii, covered with mortar in preparation for marble veneer Fig 36 The ‘Old Work’ at Wroxeter, showing petit appareil with tile bonding-courses and putlog holes passing right through the wall Fig 37 Detail of the city walls of Silchester, showing bonding-courses of flat stones and a vertical ‘gang join’ at the left Fig 38 Roman Gaul Fig 39 Cosa: The Capitolium Fig 40 Saepinum: the forum and basilica Fig 41 Bolsena: the forum and basilica Fig 42 Gabii: the forum Fig 43 Veleia: the forum and basilica Fig 44 Glanum: the forum and basilica Fig 45 Iulium Carnicum: the forum and basilica Fig 46 Brescia: the Capitolium Fig 47 Conimbriga: the Augustan forum Fig 48 Clunia: the forum and basilica Fig 49 Aenona: the forum and associated temple Fig 50 Virunum: the forum and temple Fig 51 St Bertrand-de-Comminges: the forum and temple Fig 52 Narbo: the Capitolium Fig 53 Colchester: the fortress (top) and the pre- Boudican colony (bottom) Fig 54 The street system of Silchester (taken from Boon 1974), with dimensions in pedes monetales Fig 55 The fortress at Colchester, with dimensions in pedes monetales Fig 56 The stages in planning the fortress at Colchester Fig 57 Very approximate measurements of some fortresses Fig 58 Colchester: the street system in its final form Fig 59 The Lincoln area, showing the topographical situation of the earliest settlements Fig 60 Lincoln: street pattern of the walled city, known, presumed, and conjectural Fig 61 Lincoln: extent of occupation c AD 75 Fig 62 Lincoln: extent of occupation c AD 100 Fig 63 Lincoln: fullest extent of occupation, showing suburbs and cemeteries Fig 64 London: the topography of the early city Fig 65 London: the GPO site at Newgate Street Fig 66 London: Watling Court Fig 67 London: part of a mosaic pavement, damaged by medieval pits, found in a 2nd-century building in Milk Street, 1977 Fig 68 London: altar commemorating the restoration of a temple of Isis, probably during the 250s Fig 69 London: the 3rd-century temple of Mithras, as excavated in 1954
Page 1 and 2: No 59 ROMAN URBAN TOPOGRAPHY in Bri
Page 3: Copyright © 1985 Authors and Counc
Page 7 and 8: Introduction: the study of Classica
Page 9 and 10: Introduction and the land divided i
Page 11 and 12: Introduction Fig 3 Timgad: the colo
Page 13 and 14: Introduction Fig 6 Lepcis Magna: th
Page 15 and 16: Introduction xvi
Page 17 and 18: Cunliffe: Aspects of urbanization i
Page 19 and 20: Cunliffe: Aspects of urbanization i
Page 21 and 22: PART II THE PLANNING AND BUILDING O
Page 23 and 24: Dilke: Ground survey and measuremen
Page 29 and 30: The mechanics of the building trade
Page 31 and 32: Ling: The mechanics of the building
Page 43 and 44: Who paid for public buildings in Ro
Page 45 and 46: Duncan--ones: Who paid for public b
Page 47 and 48: Duncan-Jones: Who paid for public b
Page 49 and 50: Civic Pride: a factor in Roman town
Page 51 and 52: Frere: Civic Pride: a factor in Rom
Page 53 and 54: Reece: Roman towns and their plans
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Reece: Roman towns and their plans
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Wacher: The functions of urban buil
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Casey: The Roman housing market leg
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Casey: The Roman housing market Evi
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Casey: The Roman housing market Rom
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Drinkwater: Urbanization in the thr
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Forum and Capitolium in the early E
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Todd: Forum and Capitolium in the e
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The quick and the dead: suburbs, ce
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Esmonde Cleary: The quick and the d
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Salway: Geography and the growth of
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Colchester: the mechanics of laying
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Crummy: Colchester: the mechanics o
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New streets for old : the topograph
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Jones: New streets for old: the top
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London in the 1st and early 2nd cen
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Perring: London in the 1st and earl
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Perring: London in the 1st and earl
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Marsden: London in the 3rd and 4th
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Barker: Aspects of the topography o
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Fig 81 Wroxeter: the area of excava
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probably from Viroconium, the robbi
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Forum Iuhi (Cividale) (Italy) 61a f
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ROMAN URBAN TOPOGRAPHY in Britain and the western Empire

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