ROMAN URBAN TOPOGRAPHY in Britain and the western Empire

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Barker: Aspects of the topography of Wroxeter (Viroconium Cornoviorum) Fig 77 Wroxeter: conjectural plan of the first city (with acknowledgements to G Webster, A Baker, D Wilson, and others) 111
Barker: Aspects of the topography of Wroxeter (Viroconium Cornoviorum) Fig 78 Wroxeter: aerial photograph, looking north, of cropmarks within and outside the northern defences of the city (Copyright A Baker) 3rd or 4th (Kenyon 1940, 176-80; Webster 1962; Wacher 1975, 369). There are, however, two observations worth making. The evidence for the addition of a stone wall is provided by a number of sections cut across the ramparts and ditches since the 1850s, and by what appears to be a continuous robber trench visible on many aerial photographs. With one exception all the published sections or views of the wall show foundations of heavy cobbles set in clay. These average only 7ft (2m) wide, not, as Webster has observed (1962,31), the 12-14ft (4-4.5m) which might have been expected for the foundation of a stone wall. The only exception is the engraving by Thomas Wright (1872, 98), which illustrates his excavation of the defences at the point where Watling Street enters the city- Here a short length of wall foundation was ‘tolerably perfect to a height of 112 about four feet, or perhaps even more, with its sides even and tolerably smoothed, but with no more evidence of facing stones than before.’ Wright goes on to say that there seemed here to be an original opening in the wall, but ‘with no trace of any building besides the wall. . . the appearances as far as we went led to the supposition either that the entrance to the city had been a mere discontinuation of the wall, or that whatever structure protected it may have been of wood.’ A ‘mere discontinuation of the wall’ seems to negate the whole purpose of a circuit of earthwork defences so massive and can hardly be taken seriously. An excavation here would be of the greatest interest. Equally interesting evidence, also negative, comes from the sections cut across the defences since Wright’s time. These include those by Kathleen Kenyon (1940), Graham
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No 59 ROMAN URBAN TOPOGRAPHY in Bri
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Copyright © 1985 Authors and Counc
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Illustrations Fig 1 Miletus Fig 2 C
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Introduction: the study of Classica
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Introduction and the land divided i
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Introduction Fig 3 Timgad: the colo
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Introduction Fig 6 Lepcis Magna: th
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Introduction xvi
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Cunliffe: Aspects of urbanization i
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Cunliffe: Aspects of urbanization i
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PART II THE PLANNING AND BUILDING O
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Dilke: Ground survey and measuremen
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The mechanics of the building trade
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Ling: The mechanics of the building
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Who paid for public buildings in Ro
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Duncan--ones: Who paid for public b
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Duncan-Jones: Who paid for public b
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Civic Pride: a factor in Roman town
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Frere: Civic Pride: a factor in Rom
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Reece: Roman towns and their plans
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Reece: Roman towns and their plans
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Wacher: The functions of urban buil
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Casey: The Roman housing market leg
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Casey: The Roman housing market Evi
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Casey: The Roman housing market Rom
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Drinkwater: Urbanization in the thr
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Forum and Capitolium in the early E
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Todd: Forum and Capitolium in the e
Page 75 and 76: The quick and the dead: suburbs, ce
Page 77 and 78: Esmonde Cleary: The quick and the d
Page 79 and 80: Todd: Forum and Capitolium in the e
Page 87 and 88: Salway: Geography and the growth of
Page 89 and 90: Colchester: the mechanics of laying
Page 91 and 92: Crummy: Colchester: the mechanics o
Page 101 and 102: New streets for old : the topograph
Page 103 and 104: Jones: New streets for old: the top
Page 109 and 110: London in the 1st and early 2nd cen
Page 111 and 112: Perring: London in the 1st and earl
Page 113 and 114: Perring: London in the 1st and earl
Page 115 and 116: Marsden: London in the 3rd and 4th
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Page 131 and 132: Fig 81 Wroxeter: the area of excava
Page 133 and 134: probably from Viroconium, the robbi
Page 135 and 136: Forum Iuhi (Cividale) (Italy) 61a f
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ROMAN URBAN TOPOGRAPHY in Britain and the western Empire

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