Against Alienation: Karol Wojtyla's Theory of Participation
Against Alienation: Karol Wojtyla's Theory of Participation
Against Alienation: Karol Wojtyla's Theory of Participation
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82 AGAINST ALIENATION<br />
participate, contribute to the promotion <strong>of</strong> the common good. He takes it as<br />
his task to ensure that he does his part in the achievement <strong>of</strong> the common<br />
good.<br />
The inauthentic attitudes <strong>of</strong> participation are conformism and noninvolvement.<br />
Conformism denotes a tendency to comply with the accepted<br />
custom and to resemble others, a tendency that is in itself neutral, in many<br />
respects positive and constructive or even creative. 36 While conformism may<br />
contribute to the achievement <strong>of</strong> the common good, the main problem in<br />
conformism is the fact that persons do not really appreciate the value <strong>of</strong> their<br />
work. In an ordinary way <strong>of</strong> putting it, they are just “going with the flow.”<br />
People may be conforming to an idea which does not really agree with the<br />
common good. There are various reasons why people conform but all <strong>of</strong> them<br />
point to the fact that there is really no unity but only uniformity. People adapt<br />
themselves to the demands <strong>of</strong> the community in a superficial way for purposes<br />
<strong>of</strong> gaining some immediate advantages or avoiding opposition. Thus, the<br />
conformist is one who submits himself to pressures <strong>of</strong> others and, at the same<br />
time, withdraws from the community. 37 The other inauthentic attitude <strong>of</strong><br />
participation is non-involvement or avoidance. It is characterized by a<br />
disregard for those appearances <strong>of</strong> concern for the common good which also<br />
characterizes conformism. It is nothing but a withdrawal but it lacks the active<br />
concern <strong>of</strong> participation; moreoever, it characterizes man’s absence from the<br />
community. 38 Noninvolvement is also characterized by indifference to the<br />
common good. It is a substitute to the authentic attitudes because they do not<br />
find value in both solidarity and opposition. Noninvolvement is a way by<br />
which a person abstains from participating in the community. On the surface,<br />
it does appear to be a sign <strong>of</strong> protest but, it is just an escape <strong>of</strong> the person from<br />
his role in the community. This inauthentic attitude is characterized mainly by<br />
a disinterested attitude or a sign <strong>of</strong> distrust to the community. Both<br />
inauthentic attitudes are characterized by the absence <strong>of</strong> the person’s active<br />
participation in the community. The difference lies in the person’s convictions,<br />
motives and reasons for performing such activities. Both inauthentic attitudes<br />
deny him <strong>of</strong> his capability to participate in the achievement and the benefits <strong>of</strong><br />
the common good. The inauthentic attitudes <strong>of</strong> participation stand in the way<br />
in the formation <strong>of</strong> an interpersonal community. What results is a very<br />
fragmented society and people become apathetic and disinterested in matters<br />
other than their own.<br />
<strong>Participation</strong> leads to the establishment <strong>of</strong> harmony between persons.<br />
A community <strong>of</strong> persons participating in the pursuit <strong>of</strong> the common good<br />
contributes to the growth and development <strong>of</strong> persons. A community built on<br />
the conscious participation <strong>of</strong> persons for the common good is a community<br />
that brings persons closer to their fulfillment. <strong>Participation</strong> allows every<br />
person to experience one another as a neighbor and a member <strong>of</strong> the<br />
36 Wojtyla, The Acting Person, 289.<br />
37 Francisco, op cit., 71.<br />
38 Wojtyla, The Acting Person, 290.