GHENT UNIVERSITY Karoline FONCK - International Centre for ...

eing single, ever having been treated for an STD, pregnancy, an uncircumcised partner,
and ever having used a condom. After multivariate analysis including all these variables, only
the number of partners in the previous 3 months (P = 0.02) and an uncircumcised partner (P
= 0.01) remained statistically significant.
Table 4 : Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for risk factors and sexually transmitted infections*
HIV Gonorrhea Chlamydia Syphilis CIN
Single/widow/divorced/separated 1.1 (0.7-1.8) 1.8 (0.7-4.7) 1.9 (0.7-5.4) 0.8 (0.3-2.0) 0.8 (0.4-1.5)
History of STD 1.1 (0.7-1.8) 0.9 (0.4-2.3) 0.2 (0.1-1.1) 2.1 (0.9-4.7) 2.2 (1.2-4.0)*
History of condom use 1.5 (1.0-2.3) 2.2 (0.9-5.3) 1.6 (0.6-4.1) 2.3 (1.0-5.4) 1.2 (0.7-2.2)
Younger than 20 years 0.8 (0.4-1.6) 0.9 (0.3-3.3) 2.6 (0.8-8.7) 1.6 (0.5-4.6) 1.6 (0.7-3.8)
Age at first sex < 15 years 1.5 (0.9-2.3) 0.9 (0.4-2.5) 0.2 (0.0-0.9)* 1.4 (0.6-3.5) 0.9 (0.4-1.7)
>One sex partner last 3 months 2.3 (1.1-4.8)* 5.6 (1.7-18.2)* 3.5 (0.9-13.2) 1.0 (0.3-3.2) 1.3 (0.5-3.5)
>= 1 new sex partners (3 months) 0.8 (0.4-1.7) 2.1 (0.4-3.5) 0.7 (0.2-2.9) 3.8 (1.3-10.9)* 0.9 (0.3-2.2)
Partner circumcised 0.5 (0.3-0.9)* 2.2 (0.7-6.7) 0.6 (0.2-2.0) 0.9 (0.3-2.6) 0.9 (0.4-1.9)
Pregnant 0.7 (0.4-1.1) 1.1 (0.4-2.8) 2.4 (0.9-6.7) 1.4 (0.6-3.4) 1.0 (0.6-1.9)
Bacterial
vaginosis
Trichomonas Candida
Genital
ulcer
Genital
warts
Single/widow/divorced/separated 1.9 (1.0-3.8) 1.5 (0.8-2.8) 1.1 (0.7-1.7) 1.3 (0.7-2.4) 1.4 (0.6-3.3)
History of STD 0.6 (0.3-1.2) 0.8 (0.4-1.5) 1.1 (0.7-1.8) 1.1 (0.6-2.0) 1.3 (0.6-3.2)
History of condom use 1.4 (0.7-2.5) 1.4 (0.8-2.4) 0.8 (0.5-1.1) 1.3 (0.8-2.3) 0.7 (0.3-1.6)
Younger than 20 years 0.7 (0.2-1.8) 0.8 (0.3-1.8) 0.6 (0.3-1.2) 1.2 (0.5-2.7) 3.2 (1.2-8.1)*
Age at first sex < 15 years 0.7 (0.4-1.5) 1.1 (0.6-2.1) 1.2 (0.8-1.9) 1.8 (1.0-3.3) 0.7 (0.3-1.9)
>One sex partner last 3 months 1.9 (0.7-5.1) 1.6 (0.7-3.7) 0.9 (0.4-1.9) 1.4 (0.5-3.8) 0.8 (0.2-3.2)
>= 1 new sex partners (3 months) 0.6 (0.2-1.5) 1.3 (0.6-2.9) 0.8 (0.4-1.5) 0.6 (0.2-1.5) 1.1 (0.3-3.6)
Partner circumcised 1.4 (0.6-3.3) 1.1 (0.5-2.2) 0.6 (0.4-1.0) 1.5 (0.8-3.2) 0.7 (0.3-1.8)
Pregnant 0.7 (0.4-1.4) 1.7 (1.0-3.1) 1.5 (1.0-2.3) 0.6 (0.3-1.2) 2.1 (0.9-4.9)
All Odds ratio adjusted for age, marital status, history of STD, history of condom use, age at first sex, number of sex partners
and circumcision of partner.
* P< 0.05
** Among 520 female patients, Nairobi, Kenya
The only risk factors for gonococcal infection was the number of sex partners in the last 3
months (P = 0.001). Women with chlamydial infection had significantly less history of first
sexual intercourse when younger than 16 years (P = 0.04). RPR seroreactivity was
associated in univariate analysis with the number of sex partners, having had a new sex
partner, and ever having been treated for STD. After multivariate analysis including those
variables, only having a new partner in the last 3 months remained statistically significant.
The only factor associated with CIN was history of an STD (P = 0.03). Bacterial vaginosis,
trichomonas infection, candidiasis, and genital ulcers were not associated with any of the risk
factors. Young age was strongly associated with presence of genital warts in multivariate
analysis (P = 0.007).
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF STI 28