GHENT UNIVERSITY Karoline FONCK - International Centre for ...
GHENT UNIVERSITY Karoline FONCK - International Centre for ... GHENT UNIVERSITY Karoline FONCK - International Centre for ...
Results Demographic Data A total of 520 women were recruited (Table 1). The mean age was 26 years (SD, 6.8; range, 14-49 years); 54% of the women were married or cohabiting, 31% were single, and 10% were either separated, divorced, or widowed. Before the current relationship, 15% of women had been separated or divorced and 1% had been widowed. Most women (59%) were Protestant, 39% were Catholic, and 1% were Muslim. Approximately half of clients (48%) had 5 years to 8 years of schooling, whereas 41 % had 9 years to 13 years of schooling (i.e. secondary education). Approximately half of women had no income. Reproductive History and Sexual Behavior Sixty-four percent of women reported first sexual intercourse between age 16 years and 19 years, and 11 % had sex at the age of 15 years or younger. Seventy-five percent of women had only one sexual partner in the past 3 months and 11 % had two or more partners; 12% had one new sexual partner in the last 3 months and 5% reported having two or more new partners in that period. Most of the partners were circumcised (87%). The mean number of pregnancies in this population was 2.1 and the mean number of children born was 1.3. Twenty three percent of women had experienced a miscarriage or abortion, whereas 9% had a history of stillbirth. At the time of the interview, 38% of women were pregnant and 26% were using contraception, of which only 1% used condoms. Almost half of women (47%) reported ever having used condoms. One third of women (32%) reported a history of STDs. However, more women (44%) claimed having sought treatment for genital infections in the past, predominantly for vaginal discharge, followed by genital ulcers and genital warts. Current Medical Problems The main reasons for seeking medical care were lower abdominal pain (27%), vaginal itch (22%), and vaginal discharge (20%) (Table 2). However, after probing for reports of symptoms, the majority of women admitted having vaginal discharge (70%), followed by pruritus vulvae (61%), abdominal pain (48%), and dysuria (31%). PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF STI 25
The majority of the women were infected with C. albicans (35%), followed by T. vaginalis (25%), and bacterial vaginosis (19%) (wet mounts were performed for 324 women only). N. gonorrhoeae was detected in 6% of women and C. trachomatis was present in 4% of women. Syphilis serology was positive in 6% of women and was associated with history of stillbirth (P = 0.02). Genital warts and ulcers were observed in 6% and 12% of women, respectively. Table 1. Demographic characteristics, reproductive history and sexual behavior** Characteristic Demographic Number or mean (±SD) Percent or range Mean Age 24 (±6.8) 14 – 49 Currently married Religion 280 54 Catholic 205 39 Protestant 304 59 Muslim 7 1 Other Level of Education 4 1 None 26 5 Lower Primary 17 3 Upper Primary 249 48 Secondary 212 41 College Occupation 16 3 Unemployed 90 17 Homemaker 144 28 Office worker 35 7 Business woman 130 25 Other Monthly Income 121 23 None 271 52 Less than KSh* 2000 71 14 KSh* 2001-10000 175 34 More than KSh* 10000 Sexual History 3 1 Mean age at first sex 17.5 (±3.1) 8 – 27 Median no. lifetime sexual partners 3 1 – 50 Median no. new sexual partners in last year 0 0 – 9 Median no. sexual partners past 3 months 1 0 – 9 Mean no. pregnancies 2.1 (±2.0) 0 – 12 Mean no. children born Contraceptive Use (n=323) 1.3 (±1.6) 0 – 9 None 201 62 Hormonal contraceptive 63 20 Intrauterine device 12 4 Barrier contraceptive 26 8 Surgical contraceptive 12 4 Natural Method 6 2 History of STD 165 32 Vaginal discharge 146 28 Genital ulcer disease 78 15 Abdominal pain/PID 87 17 Genital wart 3 1 ** Data are from 520 female patients attending an STI clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. * 1 US$ ≈ 60 KSh PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF STI 26
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Results<br />
Demographic Data<br />
A total of 520 women were recruited (Table 1). The mean age was 26 years (SD, 6.8; range,<br />
14-49 years); 54% of the women were married or cohabiting, 31% were single, and 10%<br />
were either separated, divorced, or widowed. Be<strong>for</strong>e the current relationship, 15% of women<br />
had been separated or divorced and 1% had been widowed. Most women (59%) were<br />
Protestant, 39% were Catholic, and 1% were Muslim. Approximately half of clients (48%) had<br />
5 years to 8 years of schooling, whereas 41 % had 9 years to 13 years of schooling (i.e.<br />
secondary education). Approximately half of women had no income.<br />
Reproductive History and Sexual Behavior<br />
Sixty-four percent of women reported first sexual intercourse between age 16 years and 19<br />
years, and 11 % had sex at the age of 15 years or younger. Seventy-five percent of women<br />
had only one sexual partner in the past 3 months and 11 % had two or more partners; 12%<br />
had one new sexual partner in the last 3 months and 5% reported having two or more new<br />
partners in that period. Most of the partners were circumcised (87%).<br />
The mean number of pregnancies in this population was 2.1 and the mean number of<br />
children born was 1.3. Twenty three percent of women had experienced a miscarriage or<br />
abortion, whereas 9% had a history of stillbirth. At the time of the interview, 38% of women<br />
were pregnant and 26% were using contraception, of which only 1% used condoms. Almost<br />
half of women (47%) reported ever having used condoms.<br />
One third of women (32%) reported a history of STDs. However, more women (44%) claimed<br />
having sought treatment <strong>for</strong> genital infections in the past, predominantly <strong>for</strong> vaginal<br />
discharge, followed by genital ulcers and genital warts.<br />
Current Medical Problems<br />
The main reasons <strong>for</strong> seeking medical care were lower abdominal pain (27%), vaginal itch<br />
(22%), and vaginal discharge (20%) (Table 2). However, after probing <strong>for</strong> reports of<br />
symptoms, the majority of women admitted having vaginal discharge (70%), followed by<br />
pruritus vulvae (61%), abdominal pain (48%), and dysuria (31%).<br />
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF STI 25
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