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Moses S, Bailey RC, Ronald AR. Male circumcision: assessment of health benefits and risks. Sex Transm Infect 1998; 74:368-373. Moses S, Ngugi E, Jackson D, et al. Declines in syphilis prevalence in pregnancy and in STD syndromes among clinic attendees at five primary health care centres in Nairobi, Kenya, 1993 to 1997 (Abstract 22190). 12th World AIDS Conference, Geneva July 1998. Moses S, Muia E, Bradley JE et al. Sexual behavior in Kenya: implications for sexually transmitted disease transmission and control. Soc Sci Med 1994; 39:1649-1656. Moses S, Ngugi EN, Bradley JE et al. Healthcare-seeking behavior related to the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases in Kenya. Am J Public Health 1994; 84:1947- 1951. Moses S, Bradley J, Muia E et al. Evaluation of an in-service training program in STI management for clinical officers and nurses in Kenya. IIX th International Conference on AIDS in Africa, 1992, Cameroon. [Abstract WP 211] Moss G, Overbaugh J, Welch M, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus DNA in urethral secretions in men: association with gonococcal urethritis and CD4 depletion. J Infect Dis 1995; 172:1469-1474. Nandwani R, Evans D. Are you sure it's syphilis? A review of false positive serology. Int J STD AIDS 1995; 6:241-248. National Cancer Institute Workshop. The 1988 Bethesda system for reporting cervical/vaginal cytological diagnosis. JAMA 1989; 262:9314. Ndinya-Achola JO, Ghee AE, Kihara AN, et al. High HIV prevalence, low condom use and gender differences in sexual behaviour among patients with STD-related complaints at a Nairobi primary health care clinic. Int J STD AIDS 1997; 8:506-514. Ndoye I, Mboup S, De Schrijver A, et al. Diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections in female prostitutes in Dakar, Senegal. Sex Transm Inf 1998; 74:SII2-17. Newell J, Senkoro K, Mosha F, et al. A population based study of syphilis and sexually transmitted diseases syndromes in northwestern Tanzania. Risk factors and health seeking behaviour Genitourin Med 1993; 69:421-426. Ngugi EN, Wilson D, Sebstad J, Plummer FA, Moses S. Focused peer-mediated educational programs among female sex workers to reduce sexually transmitted disease and human immunodeficiency virus transmission in Kenya and Zimbabwe. J Infect Dis 1996; 174(suppl2):S240-7. Ngugi EN, Plummer FA, Simonsen NJ, et al. Prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in Africa: effectiveness of condom promotion and health education among prostitutes. Lancet 1988; 2:887-90. Njeru E, Eldridge G, Ngugi E, Plummer F, Moses S. STD partner notification and referral in primary level health centres in Nairobi, Kenya. Sex Transm Dis 1995; 22:231-235. Nugent RP, Krohn MA, Hillier S. Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of Gram stain interpretation. J Clin Micro 1991; 29:297-301. References 119
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GHENT UNIVERSITY STI PREVENTION AND
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AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syn
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1.1. Sexually Transmitted Infection
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countries, the rate of reporting co
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district of Uganda randomized villa
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By identifying where significant
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4.5%, 3.9%, 67.7% and 30.1% while t
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female primary health care or anten
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The research data have been publish
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2.1. OBJECTIVES 2.1.1. General obje
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2.2.3. Laboratory procedures The mi
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C HAPTER 3 PREVALENCE AND RISK FACT
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After registration by the clinic cl
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The majority of the women were infe
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eing single, ever having been treat
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prevalence found in a family planni
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3.2. Declining Syphilis Prevalence
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Training Nurses at the antenatal cl
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We believe that the observed declin
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Wasserheit 1992, Laga 1993). In Nai
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Table 1: Demographic data of 471 pa
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women. Overall, significantly fewer
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Stigmatization by health staff also
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4.2. Health-Seeking Behavior and Se
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Between September and November 1998
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Table 2: Healthcare-seeking behavio
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Thirteen women had engaged in sex w
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Men reported more extramarital affa
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C HAPTER 5 DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
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discharge and abdominal pain-two co
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Data were entered and analyzed in S
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One of the peripheral health center
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Evaluation of Algorithms The result
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In this study of symptomatic women,
Page 69 and 70: C HAPTER 6 PREVENTION OF SEXUALLY T
Page 71 and 72: Table 1: Syphilis Rapid Plasma Reag
Page 73 and 74: One should keep these problems in m
Page 75 and 76: The use of mailed reminders did not
Page 77 and 78: Table 1: Characteristics of women w
Page 79 and 80: studies, indicating that couples ar
Page 81 and 82: 6.3. A Randomized, Placebo-controll
Page 83 and 84: esistance patterns in bystander flo
Page 85 and 86: In univariate analysis, the odds ra
Page 87 and 88: Widows, divorcees and separated wom
Page 89 and 90: They did not report much condom use
Page 91 and 92: The low prevalence of the other STD
Page 93 and 94: There is some evidence that frequen
Page 95 and 96: Table 1. Characteristics of HIV- po
Page 97 and 98: A significantly higher prevalence o
Page 99 and 100: There is now considerable evidence
Page 101 and 102: patients. The analysis revealed hig
Page 103 and 104: contributory factor may be that mal
Page 105 and 106: use in Kenya. In a supplement of Se
Page 107 and 108: with intensive behavioral change in
Page 109 and 110: C HAPTER 8 FINAL REMARKS STIs illus
Page 111 and 112: to protect themselves and be empowe
Page 113 and 114: Bell G, Ward H, Day S et al. Partne
Page 115 and 116: Fleming D and Wasserheit J. From ep
Page 117 and 118: Jackson DJ, Rakwar JP, Chohan B et
Page 119: Manning B, Moodley J, Ross SM. Syph
Page 123 and 124: Serwadda D, Gray R, Wawer M et al.
Page 125 and 126: Van Dam J, Anastasi MC. Male Circum
Page 127 and 128: WHO Collaborating Center on HIV/AID
Page 129 and 130: S UMMARY Sexually transmitted infec
Page 131 and 132: notification. Innovative and locall
Page 133 and 134: connaissance des femmes sur la sant
Page 135 and 136: Nous avons démontré que le coût
Page 137 and 138: vonden we een hoge prevalentie van
Page 139 and 140: We hebben aangetoond dat de kost va
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