Czechoslovak Political Prisoners - über das Projekt Political ...

Czechoslovak Political Prisoners - über das Projekt Political ... Czechoslovak Political Prisoners - über das Projekt Political ...

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to get. She was supposed to give a signal that the air was clear, but when they came to the certain place and she gave him the signal, Mach already saw that the ambulance was already full of secret police. So he shot himself finally. Did you ever meet Alena in prison? Yes, we were together in Pardubice, but we weren’t in the same cell. Yet, in Pardubice it was all right, the worst was Uherské Hradiště 11 – that was a famine. From Hostýnské Hory we knew that Grebeníček 12 was in power there. In the morning we got a little piece of bread and were told that’s also for supper. For supper they gave us a little piece of Olomoucký Cheese. Before the evening came I always ate everything. Conditions in the prison were horrible. While sleeping we had to have our hands on the blanket, but when you fell asleep you put them underneath. You could easily fall asleep on a dirty straw mattress, under dirty blankets, and on a dirty pillow. When one came exhausted from questioning, one would fall asleep really quickly. Where did they take you after your arrest? They took me to Bystřice, but that wasn’t a real prison anymore. That was some kind of storage. After a couple of hours I heard that they brought someone else in next door. So I knocked the morse code on the wall and it was Ilonka Romanová from our group. Her mom was arrested three days later. In Bystřice we stayed only until the evening, then they took us to Uherské Hradiště where examinations went on until the morning. The interrogations lasted about a month. What did the interrogations look like? How did the investigators treat you? They didn’t beat us at that time anymore. I was really surprised about that because in 1952 they were beating the men from the group, Hostýnské Hory, very badly. Yet, the behavior of the guards was very mean, we always got a handkerchief to blindfold us across the eyes so I didn’t see anything. I was walking slowly because there were steps, but the guards didn’t really care and they dragged us from one side of the corridor to the other. We promised each other we would not say anything and I was telling myself that I could not break that. Then I realized that there was a lot out already. They got my accomplices to speak and they had a great deal of information on me and noted that I had never admitted to anything. Finally I got eighteen years. From March 8 to August 14 I was confined to a solitary cell. I had a little spider there and I was looking after it. It was there with me for the whole time. There was just a small bench, bed, and two steps so that one could do their business. There was a horribly dirty blanket that stunk. They never let me sleep. They starved me and interrogated me during the evening and at night. What did you go through in your solitary cell? I divided my day this way. First I prayed, then I sang, and said some poetry. Sometimes I put a letter together for my mom, which I was then saying aloud while I was walking around in my cell. In the interrogation cell I didn’t get one letter. On August 14 I had a hearing, it was strung out over several days, but I didn’t have a hearing with my dad, because he was sentenced in another court. In 1960 there was amnesty, but I wasn’t released because in our process there were guns included. They let me out on February 20, 1963. 11 Uherské Hradiště – a town in Southern Moravia. 12 Alois Grebeníček – from the end of forties till the beginning of the fifties he was one of the investigators people feared the most. He worked for the Secret police in Uherské Hradiště prison. Czechoslovak Political Prisoners 33

When did you have the trial? The court trial, which lasted for three days, took place at Uherské Hradiště. It was secret so my mom wasn’t present. For a little while after the trial I stayed in Hradiště where I worked in the laundry and then my hands started to be sore. So then they put me in the kitchen to peel potatoes, which was nice because we actually got something to eat. From bad food I had festers all over my body. I was used to everything that was homemade and there all kinds of unnatural preservatives and artificial things were added. In Uherské Hradiště we stayed about a month and then they took me to Pankrác 13 . I only stayed there for a couple of nights, but I have some really ugly memories from that. I slept upstairs in a double-room and dogs kept howling all night. I was looking out the window and girls were saying that there would be executions again. There on the square where the executions were held, were also resting mothers with their babies who were born in prison. We were at Pankrác for three nights and then we went to Chrudim for a short while, and then finally they took us back to Pardubice. I came there in 1954 and stayed there until 1963 when I was released. They put me into a sewing workshop right away although I didn’t understand it at all. Anyways, I quickly got into it and the sewing machine quickly became my friend, but the main thing was that in Pardubice we were living so freely. After one of us had a visit, she would share it with everyone. I must tell you that we all got along really well there because we were all of the same opinion and frame of mind. We knew about those who were snitching and we ignored them, for example I didn’t talk to them at all. I had a really nice circle of friends around me. What was your arrival to Pardubice like? After our arrival we went for a check-up that was done by a Doctor-Prisoner Blanka Picková. I went to section A and there were about 16 others girls, but no one paid attention to me. My accomplice was put to section B, so I was completely alone and didn’t know anyone. It was a three story building that had to be made lower after the detonation in Semtín. 14 There were twenty-four girls in the same room with bunk-beds. I came with my bag like some kind of bag-lady. They just pointed to the bed where I should sleep. On the bunk-beds I was always sleeping up on top because I was younger. None of the Czech girls paid attention to me there, they were all lying on the bunks and resting. Then it was 2 o’clock and I was still sitting there like a bag-lady. My bundle was still next to me, since I still didn’t know how to fold my blankets or anything because still, no one showed me how. All of a sudden, Elfy Tandler came up to me and she started asking questions and realized I was really hungry. She brought me bread, grease, cheese, and jam. There we were already able to take bread without limits. She was really nice to me and she even made my bed. She was really treating me well. She was a German, but spoke Czech really well. I will never forget about that. She wasn’t a vindictive prisoner 15 , but a political one. Then after the other Germans came she sometimes talked to them rather to us, but I didn’t obstruct her. Afterwards she always came back to me. When they released her, she married a Czech and moved to Frankfurt. Even my daughter visited her in Germany later. 13 Pankrác – one of the biggest and well known prison in Prague. 14 Semtín – a town close to the prison where was a factory. 15 Vindictive prisoners – prisoners sentenced on a basis of “vindictive decrees” for cooperation and collaboration with Nazi Germany. A state prisoner was also called a political prisoner, then there was a category of criminal prisoners. 34

When did you have the trial?<br />

The court trial, which lasted for three days, took place at Uherské Hradiště. It was secret so<br />

my mom wasn’t present. For a little while after the trial I stayed in Hradiště where I worked<br />

in the laundry and then my hands started to be sore. So then they put me in the kitchen to<br />

peel potatoes, which was nice because we actually got something to eat. From bad food<br />

I had festers all over my body. I was used to everything that was homemade and there all<br />

kinds of unnatural preservatives and artificial things were added. In Uherské Hradiště we<br />

stayed about a month and then they took me to Pankrác 13 . I only stayed there for a couple<br />

of nights, but I have some really ugly memories from that. I slept upstairs in a double-room<br />

and dogs kept howling all night. I was looking out the window and girls were saying that<br />

there would be executions again. There on the square where the executions were held,<br />

were also resting mothers with their babies who were born in prison. We were at Pankrác<br />

for three nights and then we went to Chrudim for a short while, and then finally they took<br />

us back to Pardubice. I came there in 1954 and stayed there until 1963 when I was released.<br />

They put me into a sewing workshop right away although I didn’t understand it at all. Anyways,<br />

I quickly got into it and the sewing machine quickly became my friend, but the main<br />

thing was that in Pardubice we were living so freely. After one of us had a visit, she would<br />

share it with everyone. I must tell you that we all got along really well there because we<br />

were all of the same opinion and frame of mind. We knew about those who were snitching<br />

and we ignored them, for example I didn’t talk to them at all. I had a really nice circle of<br />

friends around me.<br />

What was your arrival to Pardubice like?<br />

After our arrival we went for a check-up that was done by a Doctor-Prisoner Blanka Picková.<br />

I went to section A and there were about 16 others girls, but no one paid attention to me.<br />

My accomplice was put to section B, so I was completely alone and didn’t know anyone. It<br />

was a three story building that had to be made lower after the detonation in Semtín. 14 There<br />

were twenty-four girls in the same room with bunk-beds. I came with my bag like some kind<br />

of bag-lady. They just pointed to the bed where I should sleep. On the bunk-beds I was always<br />

sleeping up on top because I was younger. None of the Czech girls paid attention to me<br />

there, they were all lying on the bunks and resting. Then it was 2 o’clock and I was still sitting<br />

there like a bag-lady. My bundle was still next to me, since I still didn’t know how to fold my<br />

blankets or anything because still, no one showed me how. All of a sudden, Elfy Tandler came<br />

up to me and she started asking questions and realized I was really hungry. She brought me<br />

bread, grease, cheese, and jam. There we were already able to take bread without limits. She<br />

was really nice to me and she even made my bed. She was really treating me well. She was<br />

a German, but spoke Czech really well. I will never forget about that. She wasn’t a vindictive<br />

prisoner 15 , but a political one. Then after the other Germans came she sometimes talked to<br />

them rather to us, but I didn’t obstruct her. Afterwards she always came back to me. When<br />

they released her, she married a Czech and moved to Frankfurt. Even my daughter visited her<br />

in Germany later.<br />

13 Pankrác – one of the biggest and well known prison in Prague.<br />

14 Semtín – a town close to the prison where was a factory.<br />

15 Vindictive prisoners – prisoners sentenced on a basis of “vindictive decrees” for cooperation and collaboration with<br />

Nazi Germany. A state prisoner was also called a political prisoner, then there was a category of criminal prisoners.<br />

34

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