Czechoslovak Political Prisoners - über das Projekt Political ...
Czechoslovak Political Prisoners - über das Projekt Political ... Czechoslovak Political Prisoners - über das Projekt Political ...
central camp headquarters. This camp always worked in two different ways. On one side for transportation and on the other hand there was “C” block where there were building groups. They built the town Ostrov upon Ohře and other buildings. While you were in the hospital what were your responsibilities? That was at the end of 1955 and the situation was completely different. I started to do physical therapy. I exercised with people after their operations and injuries. I learned this from my mom who worked in Janské Lázně. Then because there wasn’t a dermatologist they bought me a book on dermatology and I had to learn how to do that. Fortunately for a short amount of a time there was a Doctor Standa Novák who was a dermatologist. Then they took him to Leopoldov 12 . I learned a lot from him. Besides that I worked in the infectious diseases department as a nurse. The boss there was Doctor Hlaváč, a Slovakian from Žilina. He was a pediatrician, but he also was an expert with radiology and tuberculosis, which was a big problem at that time. He taught me a lot. After him there came Honza Šmíd, who was an army doctor and the family doctor of the Beneš family 13 . He was also an excellent doctor. Unfortunately, he only stayed for a short amount of time and then he was taken to Leopoldov. So finally, I was taking care of the whole infectious diseases department myself and a doctor of internal medicine was coming to check on me once or twice a week. This department wasn’t really an infectious diseases department. There were three rooms for tuberculosis and one for jaundice. There were also problems with curing syphilis. These people were also getting special treatment for staying in two rooms as well. It was documented that they had syphilis and when they came to prison they had to get treatments. Then I also had two rooms with dermatology illnesses. How long did you serve there? I served there until November 6, 1958. At that date I was released because they reviewed my process and I don’t know how, but they shortened my eleven years to seven. I then should have been released on January 4, 1959 but they released me with 10 years of probation on November 16, 1958 and I was lucky they didn’t give me my human rights back. That saved me from being sent to PTP. 14 As a citizen without rights I didn’t have to go to the elections and I didn’t have to do the compulsory service in the army. I had some problems around that after the pardon of the President in 1960. I got a blue book because I had jaundice. I really went through that illness and I had permanent effects from it. Until today I am on a diet that is not really strict, but I am on a diet. So the jaundice was harmful to you? For sure it was, the truth is that I didn’t turn yellow when I was ill so it was hard to see that I was not healthy. It was Doctor Honza Šmíd that found out about this. Were you ever in touch with your family? The contact was very limited because if you could write letters from “L” twice a year it would have been a miracle. Out of the three and half years I stayed there I had one or two visits. When I was at the hospital it was much better. 12 Leopoldov – a prison in Slovakia. 13 Beneš family – family of the second President of the Czechoslovakia, Mr. Edvard Beneš. 14 PTP – Supporting technical battalions of the Czechoslovakian army were established in 1950 for so-called “politically unreliable people” who were subjects of the military law. People in PTP worked in mines, or on military buildings, on civil buildings, and other construction projects. From the last months of 1953 to May 1954 they were all closed down. Czechoslovak Political Prisoners 163
Was your family persecuted in any way? My sister wasn’t allowed to take her graduation exam and it took her five years before she could take it. Then she wanted to enter medical school and that took her another four years to be accepted. She wanted to be a dentist and in that year they were accepting more dentists so they took her. My mom wasn’t affected much because after a year and half of unemployment she was the head of a physical therapy department in a hospital in Pardubice. Professor Řehor got her a position there and then when they built a new hospital in Chrudim she commuted daily from our hometown, Městec. There she started doing neurology as well because there was either one or sometimes no neurologists. She worked as a neurology consultant as the hospital needed. So it was okay for her. Do you remember your prison number? Of course, AO6997. That was my number when I came to Jáchymov. According to this number you could find out on which day exactly you came. These files still exist as there are about twenty thick books because there are about 16,000 names of people who went through that. Were you officially rehabilitated? Of course, without the rehabilitation I couldn’t have any rights to claim. I was rehabilitated in 1990 or 1991. I handed in the demand already in 1968, but no one really took care of that at that time. What comes into your head when I say Jáchymov? Well opposing things, it was a great school for me on one side of knowledge or moral things in total, but on the other hand I paid for it when I consider my health. I can’t tell you that I didn’t count on being sentenced. I would lie then, because I was aware that what I was doing could be dangerous for me. I really expected everything would work out fine and I would have time to escape. What helped you to survive? All kinds of work and my interest in many things helped. I didn’t believe that Communism would fall during my lifetime or in 1968 that the regime would get better. That was impossible and I was always realistic about that. Do you think that we devote enough attention to this historical period? A minimum of it and when we do, it is really misrepresented. First, at school kids aren’t taught the history the way it should be taught. In the best case they finish with WWI. Also imagine which teachers were there and how were they hired. There were some normal people among them, but the majority came from communist families and the families that didn’t want to shit into their own nest. The same thing works for historians. Don’t tell me that during the eighteen years after the Velvet Revolution there was any solid material written out that could be true and accurate. Have you seen anything like that? I haven’t yet! Do you have any recommendation for the young people who are trying to find their way of living, how to go through life with heads held high? I think this recommendation is really simple. Live in the way that you wouldn’t do any harm to anyone else. Thank you for the interview. 164
- Page 114 and 115: Interview with Mr. Zdeněk Kovaří
- Page 116 and 117: On September 29, 1950 I came home f
- Page 118 and 119: days after my trial I was already a
- Page 120 and 121: went through grinder number two. Th
- Page 122 and 123: Can you remember any Communists who
- Page 124 and 125: scouts’ ideology for which we wer
- Page 126 and 127: Czechoslovak Political Prisoners 12
- Page 128 and 129: Interview with Mr. Jozef Kycka Firs
- Page 130 and 131: his own army my brother decided to
- Page 132 and 133: the gatekeeper told me, “Come in.
- Page 134 and 135: was a member of the International R
- Page 136 and 137: What were you exactly charged for?
- Page 138 and 139: If we looked at your story with the
- Page 140 and 141: who sentenced me. Now he was a chai
- Page 142 and 143: Interview with Mr. Jan Pospíšil W
- Page 144 and 145: abroad to buy carpets. He was getti
- Page 146 and 147: Did you confess to anything in Olom
- Page 148 and 149: Where were you sent after a half ye
- Page 150 and 151: What exactly did you do in camp “
- Page 152 and 153: Czechoslovak Political Prisoners 15
- Page 154 and 155: Interview with Mr. Hubert Procházk
- Page 156 and 157: Do you remember the names of your c
- Page 158 and 159: What did they want, if I may say it
- Page 160 and 161: cause I was almost deaf. They put m
- Page 162 and 163: jerk. Only a few of these vindictiv
- Page 166 and 167: The main prisons and labor camps in
- Page 168 and 169: A letter from prison Czechoslovak P
- Page 170 and 171: A suit for pardon The reply from th
- Page 172 and 173: One of the few remains. This used t
- Page 174 and 175: Map of former uranium mines and lab
- Page 176 and 177: About the authors Tomáš Bouška -
Was your family persecuted in any way?<br />
My sister wasn’t allowed to take her graduation exam and it took her five years before she<br />
could take it. Then she wanted to enter medical school and that took her another four years to<br />
be accepted. She wanted to be a dentist and in that year they were accepting more dentists so<br />
they took her. My mom wasn’t affected much because after a year and half of unemployment<br />
she was the head of a physical therapy department in a hospital in Pardubice. Professor Řehor<br />
got her a position there and then when they built a new hospital in Chrudim she commuted<br />
daily from our hometown, Městec. There she started doing neurology as well because there<br />
was either one or sometimes no neurologists. She worked as a neurology consultant as the<br />
hospital needed. So it was okay for her.<br />
Do you remember your prison number?<br />
Of course, AO6997. That was my number when I came to Jáchymov. According to this number<br />
you could find out on which day exactly you came. These files still exist as there are about<br />
twenty thick books because there are about 16,000 names of people who went through that.<br />
Were you officially rehabilitated?<br />
Of course, without the rehabilitation I couldn’t have any rights to claim. I was rehabilitated<br />
in 1990 or 1991. I handed in the demand already in 1968, but no one really took care of that<br />
at that time.<br />
What comes into your head when I say Jáchymov?<br />
Well opposing things, it was a great school for me on one side of knowledge or moral things<br />
in total, but on the other hand I paid for it when I consider my health. I can’t tell you that<br />
I didn’t count on being sentenced. I would lie then, because I was aware that what I was doing<br />
could be dangerous for me. I really expected everything would work out fine and I would have<br />
time to escape.<br />
What helped you to survive?<br />
All kinds of work and my interest in many things helped. I didn’t believe that Communism<br />
would fall during my lifetime or in 1968 that the regime would get better. That was impossible<br />
and I was always realistic about that.<br />
Do you think that we devote enough attention to this historical period?<br />
A minimum of it and when we do, it is really misrepresented. First, at school kids aren’t<br />
taught the history the way it should be taught. In the best case they finish with WWI. Also<br />
imagine which teachers were there and how were they hired. There were some normal people<br />
among them, but the majority came from communist families and the families that didn’t want<br />
to shit into their own nest. The same thing works for historians. Don’t tell me that during the<br />
eighteen years after the Velvet Revolution there was any solid material written out that could<br />
be true and accurate. Have you seen anything like that? I haven’t yet!<br />
Do you have any recommendation for the young people who are trying to find their way of<br />
living, how to go through life with heads held high?<br />
I think this recommendation is really simple. Live in the way that you wouldn’t do any harm<br />
to anyone else.<br />
Thank you for the interview.<br />
164