Czechoslovak Political Prisoners - über das Projekt Political ...
Czechoslovak Political Prisoners - über das Projekt Political ... Czechoslovak Political Prisoners - über das Projekt Political ...
abroad to buy carpets. He was getting rides from Mr. Honc who had a freight company. Mr. Losenický escaped on time before Christmas before 1948 around Vimperk. Honc was locked up because his own son reported him. I was locked up much earlier. The escape itself was talked over in 1954 although I was locked up January 12, 1949. Honc was locked up in 1954. I was sentenced on February 20, 1950 and in 1954 I was taken from my job site in Jáchymov and taken to another round of trials, in a different prison. I even helped to build this since I was in a group that worked on this. Did you lead people across the borders regularly? When I was without employment I was doing this from time to time and I helped a couple of people. I was interested in the areas especially around Vimperk and Karlovy Vary. Why did you choose these two places? I chose Vimperk because I knew Šumava and Karlovy Vary because I had a connection there through (XXX) 3 , but I will not be speaking about these things because I know Drtina made a big mistake when he spoke about the way he got out of the Protectorate because the only possible way of escape was closed. I will not be running away, but I could close some else’s way if I talked about it now. I understand. At Vimperk it was good, there was a good organization of things, but then the trap closed sometime around May 1949. I found out that probably the guy named Honc, who helped us at Karlovy Vary was cooperating with the secret police, but he didn’t speak about everything, about all the cases. I helped Doctor Rohlíček, the ex-secretary to the Minister and I was getting ready to organize another escape across the borders for Mrs. Zemínová 4 and Mrs. Klemerová, but that didn’t happen because I was locked up. Before that I was trying to have some kind of employment, so I pretended to be employed by a builder named Jiříkovský in Prague. Unfortunately, this guy was locked up based on the testimony provided by agent Anderle and then because Jiříkovský provided testimony, I was locked up. Finally, Jiříkovský wasn’t standing against me at the court because he died in prison, but I got twenty years. What happened after you were arrested? When they locked me up the head of the State secret police 5 Jindřich Veselý 6 was interested in my case. They didn’t do the hearing with me in Prague, but they took me to Olomouc. I had a lot of friends in Prague and they were worried about that. So then I was interrogated in Olomouc where Jindřich Veselý and another famous secret police person, Kamil Pixa 7 was there. There they roughed me up. I will tell you that was something. I was in the cellar of a police department from where Pixa dragged me out of the room, took me upstairs to the first floor, blinded me, and took me out on the scaffolding around the building because they were re- 3 The narrator chose on purpose to keep the name anonymous. 4 Františka Zemínová (1882–1962) was a Czech politician, a long-time member of the National Socialist Party and one of the victims of the fabricated process along with Milada Horáková. She was sentenced for 20 years in prison. 5 State secret police known under the abbreviation StB, was a political police force in Czechoslovakia during the communist era. 6 Jindřich Veselý (1906–1964), from 1933 he worked as the central secretary of the Czech Communist party, from 1939 to 1945 he was in a concentration camp in Buchenwald. From October 1945 he was a member of the Inspectorate of national secret security police, From 1948–1950 he was a main commander of State secret police. March 5th, 1950 he tried to commit suicide for the first time. After he was recalled from the director of Institution of socialist history on March 19th (20th) 1964 his second attempt was successful and he died. 7 Kamil Pixa was one of the founders of the communist State secret police, in 1951 he became a representative of the 1st sector of The Head Goverment of State police. Czechoslovak Political Prisoners 143
modeling the building. They walked with me there and they took me back downstairs. Then they put me in a car and drove me through a couple streets, my eyes being covered all the time. Then we came back to the police department. Although your eyes are blinded sometimes while in custody, you can get an idea of what is happening, so I knew we were back. They started the interrogation with me. Jindřich Veselý said, “Doctor, have you ever been kicked by a horse?” Then he punched me so hard that I had to go up about three meters high in the air. After that, I don’t know how, but they burned my palms. My whole palms were burned except the place in the middle and all the burns turned to blisters. I also had a cut on my cheek, which already disappeared. After sometime a bump appeared right behind my ear, which was full of blood and pus. From that time I couldn’t hear from that ear. How did the interrogations go? On February 17, 1949 I was picked up by Veselý and Pixa again in a big truck. They covered my eyes with my red scarf and rode with me somewhere. I have the scarf still today. Pixa said, “You will have a red cold running out any ways, so that scarf will match.” We stopped somewhere by a roadside, there we stopped to urinate, and when I went Pixa fired off a whole round of bullets right next to my ear. From that time on, when I wanted to urinate I had a hard time getting started. After sometime it got better. Then we stopped somewhere and they took me out of the car. I took my clothes off, eyes still closed and they put me in between two big bars. There I was left standing for a little while. Then I was taken to a cell where there was nothing, but a table and a chair. They let me sit down naked on a chair and we started the interrogation. Where all this was happening I didn’t know until two years a go. Then I found out, those were cells at Ruzyně. There was twenty-four cells together, twelve upstairs and twelve downstairs. There you weren’t allowed to say your name and you couldn’t see anyone, not even the policeman or your guard. He only said, open your window and pushed your food inside with his foot. Then I was taken to Bartomějská and from there to Pankrác 8 . I didn’t have any records about the stay at Ruzyně in my papers. It wasn’t nice there. I was right opposite the room where they held the interrogations and I heard all that. That wasn’t nice at all. Do you remember who you heard from that room? I remember an agent and a woman. I didn’t know the names though. So you were arrested at the beginning of 1949. Yes, I was arrested at midnight on January 12, 1949. They came for me in my apartment and checked it out. They sealed off my library. My daughter who was seventeen months old tore down all the seals the next day. I didn’t know that though, my wife told me that later. From there I was taken to Bartolomějská and then to Olomouc. What exactly did they want to hear from you? Jiříkovský gave testimony that I was probably helping people across the borders, but he also talked about a radio station since I had a close connection with the radios, because I was an amateur radio operator they were also interested in that as well. What was you political affiliation? I was a National Socialist, but I wasn’t really active politically. I was very busy as a general secretary. 8 Bartolomějská, Ruzyně and Pankrác are prisons in Prague. 144
- Page 94 and 95: any names, possibly the first names
- Page 96 and 97: How was it when you returned home?
- Page 98 and 99: Interview with Mr. Augustin Bubník
- Page 100 and 101: What are your memories and what com
- Page 102 and 103: Out of six, was there any who didn
- Page 104 and 105: do with that case could not be pres
- Page 106 and 107: How did it look like over there? Th
- Page 108 and 109: eyes when I heard what people from
- Page 110 and 111: cape. I was even considered a “ru
- Page 112 and 113: Mr. Bubník, thank you very much fo
- Page 114 and 115: Interview with Mr. Zdeněk Kovaří
- Page 116 and 117: On September 29, 1950 I came home f
- Page 118 and 119: days after my trial I was already a
- Page 120 and 121: went through grinder number two. Th
- Page 122 and 123: Can you remember any Communists who
- Page 124 and 125: scouts’ ideology for which we wer
- Page 126 and 127: Czechoslovak Political Prisoners 12
- Page 128 and 129: Interview with Mr. Jozef Kycka Firs
- Page 130 and 131: his own army my brother decided to
- Page 132 and 133: the gatekeeper told me, “Come in.
- Page 134 and 135: was a member of the International R
- Page 136 and 137: What were you exactly charged for?
- Page 138 and 139: If we looked at your story with the
- Page 140 and 141: who sentenced me. Now he was a chai
- Page 142 and 143: Interview with Mr. Jan Pospíšil W
- Page 146 and 147: Did you confess to anything in Olom
- Page 148 and 149: Where were you sent after a half ye
- Page 150 and 151: What exactly did you do in camp “
- Page 152 and 153: Czechoslovak Political Prisoners 15
- Page 154 and 155: Interview with Mr. Hubert Procházk
- Page 156 and 157: Do you remember the names of your c
- Page 158 and 159: What did they want, if I may say it
- Page 160 and 161: cause I was almost deaf. They put m
- Page 162 and 163: jerk. Only a few of these vindictiv
- Page 164 and 165: central camp headquarters. This cam
- Page 166 and 167: The main prisons and labor camps in
- Page 168 and 169: A letter from prison Czechoslovak P
- Page 170 and 171: A suit for pardon The reply from th
- Page 172 and 173: One of the few remains. This used t
- Page 174 and 175: Map of former uranium mines and lab
- Page 176 and 177: About the authors Tomáš Bouška -
modeling the building. They walked with me there and they took me back downstairs. Then<br />
they put me in a car and drove me through a couple streets, my eyes being covered all the time.<br />
Then we came back to the police department. Although your eyes are blinded sometimes while<br />
in custody, you can get an idea of what is happening, so I knew we were back. They started the<br />
interrogation with me. Jindřich Veselý said, “Doctor, have you ever been kicked by a horse?”<br />
Then he punched me so hard that I had to go up about three meters high in the air. After that,<br />
I don’t know how, but they burned my palms. My whole palms were burned except the place<br />
in the middle and all the burns turned to blisters. I also had a cut on my cheek, which already<br />
disappeared. After sometime a bump appeared right behind my ear, which was full of blood<br />
and pus. From that time I couldn’t hear from that ear.<br />
How did the interrogations go?<br />
On February 17, 1949 I was picked up by Veselý and Pixa again in a big truck. They covered my<br />
eyes with my red scarf and rode with me somewhere. I have the scarf still today. Pixa said, “You<br />
will have a red cold running out any ways, so that scarf will match.” We stopped somewhere<br />
by a roadside, there we stopped to urinate, and when I went Pixa fired off a whole round of<br />
bullets right next to my ear. From that time on, when I wanted to urinate I had a hard time<br />
getting started. After sometime it got better. Then we stopped somewhere and they took me<br />
out of the car. I took my clothes off, eyes still closed and they put me in between two big bars.<br />
There I was left standing for a little while. Then I was taken to a cell where there was nothing,<br />
but a table and a chair. They let me sit down naked on a chair and we started the interrogation.<br />
Where all this was happening I didn’t know until two years a go. Then I found out, those were<br />
cells at Ruzyně. There was twenty-four cells together, twelve upstairs and twelve downstairs.<br />
There you weren’t allowed to say your name and you couldn’t see anyone, not even the policeman<br />
or your guard. He only said, open your window and pushed your food inside with his foot.<br />
Then I was taken to Bartomějská and from there to Pankrác 8 . I didn’t have any records about<br />
the stay at Ruzyně in my papers. It wasn’t nice there. I was right opposite the room where they<br />
held the interrogations and I heard all that. That wasn’t nice at all.<br />
Do you remember who you heard from that room?<br />
I remember an agent and a woman. I didn’t know the names though.<br />
So you were arrested at the beginning of 1949.<br />
Yes, I was arrested at midnight on January 12, 1949. They came for me in my apartment and<br />
checked it out. They sealed off my library. My daughter who was seventeen months old tore<br />
down all the seals the next day. I didn’t know that though, my wife told me that later. From<br />
there I was taken to Bartolomějská and then to Olomouc.<br />
What exactly did they want to hear from you?<br />
Jiříkovský gave testimony that I was probably helping people across the borders, but he also<br />
talked about a radio station since I had a close connection with the radios, because I was an<br />
amateur radio operator they were also interested in that as well.<br />
What was you political affiliation?<br />
I was a National Socialist, but I wasn’t really active politically. I was very busy as a general<br />
secretary.<br />
8 Bartolomějská, Ruzyně and Pankrác are prisons in Prague.<br />
144