Czechoslovak Political Prisoners - über das Projekt Political ...
Czechoslovak Political Prisoners - über das Projekt Political ... Czechoslovak Political Prisoners - über das Projekt Political ...
How did it look like over there? There were bigger cells, five of them, with ten pallets, that were called beds. As we found out later, this department was called “Kremlin” 16 and there were about fifty prisoners, or ten people in each cell. There were a couple of “katers,” that means a couple of iron bars. From each of these bars, a different guard had a key. So one guard couldn’t get through it alone, there always had to be two or three of them. In that unit there were people who we could call “the best of the Czech nation,” not only generals, but also politicians, priests, and officers of the Eastern and Western armies, the pilots who made up a British squadron, the mayors of Brno, Lenora 17 and other towns, where they were taking people across the border. Among these ten people, life was different and again specific in certain ways. Before that you were just with one person and didn’t get to see the others unless it was during the compulsory walks. We went to walk between the houses because the prison in Bory was built in a shape of a star. So I could see there were others walking there too, possibly a friend or just a familiar face. We also went to have a shower once a week and that was it. When we got to the new department, to the “Kremlin” it had changed, there was a different way of living. We were getting food, there was a corridor of servicemen who were bringing us food. Breakfast in the morning, a quarter of bread and coffee, then lunch in a tin cup. Do you have any positive memories from this time? At “Kremlin” I later recognized that I was in a completely different prison system. As a young boy who didn’t have a clue what was happening in the world around, I learned a lot there. It was my first university. The people opened my eyes. The head of general staff was telling us about a front on the West. Pravomil Reichel who was my cellmate and who was something like my mentor, kept telling me about Russia. How he escaped from a gulag 18 , where there was such hunger that when someone died, others ate his body…my eyes were popping out of my head when hearing this. Priests talked about what was done to them before the court. I was there together with one army general, Mr. Paleček, the head of paratroopers on the western front, who was sentenced for life imprisonment. There was a lot of generals and also Mr. Podsedník, a mayor of Brno, who was sentenced because he was a National Socialist. Next there was Červenka, a mayor of Lenora at Šumava, who had stories about helping and leading people and other big shots over the borders to Germany. There was also a member of the People’s Party, Mr. Herold, who told us what was happening after 1945 in Parliament. How they had arguments and then went to drink together, whatever party they were from. I was gaining knowledge there and they taught me everything – in these cells we worked too. We couldn’t go out to work, although those who had lower sentences could leave the prison and go to workshops. We were not allowed to go out, but they brought us various things to work on. Whether it was flags we had to glue on wooden sticks or making snap fasteners which were brought from Koh-i-Noor 19 . On everything there was a quota. We were also cleaning silverware, which they stole from different chateaus and castles and brought it to us in a decrepit 16 Kremlin refers (here ironically) to The Kremlin, which is a historic fortified complex at the heart of Moscow. The complex serves as the official residence of the President of Russia. 17 Lenora is a small town by Prachatice, Southern Bohemia. 18 Gulag was one of the departments of the secret police in the Socialist bloc, managing a system of concentration and working camps in SSSR. The word gulag was then used for a group of these camps and camps under this institution. 19 Koh-i-Noor Hardmuth a.s. is a Czech producer of writing and stationary products. Czechoslovak Political Prisoners 105
state. We had to clean it with ammonia and a white chalk until it was nice and shiny. They even gave us sewing machines and we had to learn how to sew cables from cloth or leather. We worked there with leather a lot. We were making straps, making parts for textile machines, working with hemp, and we had to bead rolls. Everything was under quota and everyone had to fulfill the quota as the food was depending on that. So it was ten people that were already a group who were quickly working as a team. The most beautiful thing was on Saturday afternoon, I don’t know anymore if it was at three or five o’clock, but they locked down all the bars and we knew that until Monday morning there would be nothing happening and no one would be dragged through an inspection. Always on Saturday or Sunday afternoon one person from each cell had homework to prepare a story he wanted to talk about. It was a little university there, but big training for a man. We were still waiting for the final word from the highest court. We were still living with high hopes that the punishment would be reduced and instead of fourteen years we might get only a year or two. So there was hope living in each of us that we would be released from prison. When did it come, the result from the highest court? It was terrible that it was autumn and we were still in these dungeons, five of us who appealed were still sitting in the “Kremlin.” In each dungeon there was one of us, Bóža Modrý, Kobranov, Roziňák, Konopásek, and I. We all went through that. It was close to the ice rink in Plzeň so we heard each goal. They were playing hockey there and we were in the “Kremlin,” sentenced to so many years. From that point of view it was horrible, to find out that it’s the end of your sports life. I was just twenty and when I thought I would have to spend fourteen years there I would come out at age thirty-four and I could just go and dig potatoes and not play hockey. When did the statement finally arrive? That hope was still living in us when all of a sudden they announced that the appellate court will be on December 22, 1950. So we were waiting to see what would happen. They came for us, dressed in prison clothes, and they put us in an “anton.” 20 In front of us and behind us there were cars with machine guns and we were still hoping at least at this court we would see our parents and our children. You hadn’t seen them until that time? We hadn’t seen anyone at all, absolutely not. They took us again to that court and I remember as though it happened earlier today. The chairman of the court was Mr. Kruk. Then they called us in. All five of us were standing there. First, a plaintiff spoke then our lawyers were speaking and pointing out the facts that nothing had been proven. They were insisting that there was reasonable suspicion, but they had no proof and therefore there was nothing they could sentence us for. Our lawyers were telling us that and we still believed it. Yet, the prosecutor was a real bastard. He kept reading various protocols, even a statement of a woman who was a caretaker of a house we were living in where my father had a shop, a butcher shop in Podbaba 21 . This caretaker was taken care of by my father during the whole war and he gave her things to help her out. This lady wrote about me because she was a secret communist confidante that I was the last root of a Golden Prague Youth that must be cut off. I was rolling my 20 “Anton” – a closed police van for transport of prisoners. 21 Podbaba is a lokal name for neighbourhood in Dejvice. 106
- Page 56 and 57: luntly about this or that in a way
- Page 58 and 59: The children of a relative of mine,
- Page 60 and 61: Interview with Mrs. Květoslava Mor
- Page 62 and 63: Did you have to pay taxes to the Ge
- Page 64 and 65: elatives live there.” That’s wh
- Page 66 and 67: a place called “járek,” where
- Page 68 and 69: a drying house. Then we picked toma
- Page 70 and 71: What was your release like? Well, I
- Page 72 and 73: Czechoslovak Political Prisoners 71
- Page 74 and 75: Interview with Mrs. Drahomíra Stuc
- Page 76 and 77: there were tons of Communists. In o
- Page 78 and 79: a woman like me either. Today I mus
- Page 80 and 81: about 20 years. From Želiezovce I
- Page 82 and 83: How did the institute clothes look
- Page 84 and 85: as well. Just remember how it was d
- Page 86 and 87: Interview with Mrs. Hana Truncová
- Page 88 and 89: more copies. Sometimes we printed t
- Page 90 and 91: Ústí nad Labem to Prague, Pankrá
- Page 92 and 93: prison looks totally different toda
- Page 94 and 95: any names, possibly the first names
- Page 96 and 97: How was it when you returned home?
- Page 98 and 99: Interview with Mr. Augustin Bubník
- Page 100 and 101: What are your memories and what com
- Page 102 and 103: Out of six, was there any who didn
- Page 104 and 105: do with that case could not be pres
- Page 108 and 109: eyes when I heard what people from
- Page 110 and 111: cape. I was even considered a “ru
- Page 112 and 113: Mr. Bubník, thank you very much fo
- Page 114 and 115: Interview with Mr. Zdeněk Kovaří
- Page 116 and 117: On September 29, 1950 I came home f
- Page 118 and 119: days after my trial I was already a
- Page 120 and 121: went through grinder number two. Th
- Page 122 and 123: Can you remember any Communists who
- Page 124 and 125: scouts’ ideology for which we wer
- Page 126 and 127: Czechoslovak Political Prisoners 12
- Page 128 and 129: Interview with Mr. Jozef Kycka Firs
- Page 130 and 131: his own army my brother decided to
- Page 132 and 133: the gatekeeper told me, “Come in.
- Page 134 and 135: was a member of the International R
- Page 136 and 137: What were you exactly charged for?
- Page 138 and 139: If we looked at your story with the
- Page 140 and 141: who sentenced me. Now he was a chai
- Page 142 and 143: Interview with Mr. Jan Pospíšil W
- Page 144 and 145: abroad to buy carpets. He was getti
- Page 146 and 147: Did you confess to anything in Olom
- Page 148 and 149: Where were you sent after a half ye
- Page 150 and 151: What exactly did you do in camp “
- Page 152 and 153: Czechoslovak Political Prisoners 15
- Page 154 and 155: Interview with Mr. Hubert Procházk
state. We had to clean it with ammonia and a white chalk until it was nice and shiny. They even<br />
gave us sewing machines and we had to learn how to sew cables from cloth or leather. We<br />
worked there with leather a lot. We were making straps, making parts for textile machines,<br />
working with hemp, and we had to bead rolls. Everything was under quota and everyone had<br />
to fulfill the quota as the food was depending on that. So it was ten people that were already<br />
a group who were quickly working as a team. The most beautiful thing was on Saturday afternoon,<br />
I don’t know anymore if it was at three or five o’clock, but they locked down all the<br />
bars and we knew that until Monday morning there would be nothing happening and no one<br />
would be dragged through an inspection. Always on Saturday or Sunday afternoon one person<br />
from each cell had homework to prepare a story he wanted to talk about. It was a little university<br />
there, but big training for a man. We were still waiting for the final word from the highest<br />
court. We were still living with high hopes that the punishment would be reduced and instead<br />
of fourteen years we might get only a year or two. So there was hope living in each of us that<br />
we would be released from prison.<br />
When did it come, the result from the highest court?<br />
It was terrible that it was autumn and we were still in these dungeons, five of us who appealed<br />
were still sitting in the “Kremlin.” In each dungeon there was one of us, Bóža Modrý,<br />
Kobranov, Roziňák, Konopásek, and I. We all went through that. It was close to the ice rink in<br />
Plzeň so we heard each goal. They were playing hockey there and we were in the “Kremlin,”<br />
sentenced to so many years. From that point of view it was horrible, to find out that it’s the<br />
end of your sports life. I was just twenty and when I thought I would have to spend fourteen<br />
years there I would come out at age thirty-four and I could just go and dig potatoes and not<br />
play hockey.<br />
When did the statement finally arrive?<br />
That hope was still living in us when all of a sudden they announced that the appellate court<br />
will be on December 22, 1950. So we were waiting to see what would happen. They came for<br />
us, dressed in prison clothes, and they put us in an “anton.” 20 In front of us and behind us there<br />
were cars with machine guns and we were still hoping at least at this court we would see our<br />
parents and our children.<br />
You hadn’t seen them until that time?<br />
We hadn’t seen anyone at all, absolutely not. They took us again to that court and I remember<br />
as though it happened earlier today. The chairman of the court was Mr. Kruk. Then they<br />
called us in. All five of us were standing there. First, a plaintiff spoke then our lawyers were<br />
speaking and pointing out the facts that nothing had been proven. They were insisting that<br />
there was reasonable suspicion, but they had no proof and therefore there was nothing they<br />
could sentence us for. Our lawyers were telling us that and we still believed it. Yet, the prosecutor<br />
was a real bastard. He kept reading various protocols, even a statement of a woman who<br />
was a caretaker of a house we were living in where my father had a shop, a butcher shop in<br />
Podbaba 21 . This caretaker was taken care of by my father during the whole war and he gave<br />
her things to help her out. This lady wrote about me because she was a secret communist confidante<br />
that I was the last root of a Golden Prague Youth that must be cut off. I was rolling my<br />
20 “Anton” – a closed police van for transport of prisoners.<br />
21 Podbaba is a lokal name for neighbourhood in Dejvice.<br />
106