Rep o rt of th e tw en - Rotterdam Convention

The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries initiated the IPM Programme in 1993
after a National Workshop on “Environment and IPM”. The overall goal of the National IPM
Programme was to promote food security in Cambodia by enhancing the sustainability of intensified
crop production systems through the promotion of Integrated Pest and Crop Management skills at
farm level. The National IPM Programme was structured under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry
and Fisheries and the Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Land Improvement was responsible
for the implementation. The programme is now working in 14 major agricultural production provinces.
In 2003 there were new subdecrees on phytosanitary inspection (No. 15 dated 13 March
2003) which were being re-enforced and re-implemented. Eighteen check points were designated
at the seaport, airport and entry points located along the land border with Thailand and Viet Nam.
Nowadays, in Cambodia, no pesticides are produced. Most of the pesticides (almost 98 percent)
available in local markets and used by farmers were extremely hazardous or very hazardous (class
Ia and Ib, based on WHO classification).
The plant protection office was supported by Agricultural Productivity Improvement Project
(APIP), NZAID, AusAid and FAO.
3.4 China
Plant protection plays key roles in sustaining agricultural production, ensuring food security,
improving farmers’ income and health, and protecting the environment. The Ministry of Agriculture
(MOA) takes great effort in reinforcing the infrastructures of the plant protection extension networks.
Over the period 2003-2004, 103 new regional crop pest monitoring and control stations, 157 emergent
control stations for migratory locust and wheat stripe rust, and three agro-airports have been constructed
with a total investment of US$ 89.47 million. The subsidy of the control of migratory locusts and
pawn moth by the Central Government has been implemented for a long time, with an annual allocation
of about US$ 5 million. A recent development is the establishment of financial supports from the
Central Government for the control of major pests in grain crops. The Central Government allocated
US$ 1.2 million for the control of wheat stripe rust in 2002, US$ 6.1 million for rice borers and
US$ 1.2 million for rodent control in 2003. The total financial support for controlling wheat stripe
rust, rice borers and rodents from the Central Government has been increased to US$ 9.5 million in
2003 and US$ 16.2 million in 2004.
Outbreaks of some major crop pests as a result of changes in cropping systems, global climate
and crop varieties in the past two years has posed a great challenge to Chinese plant protection
workers. The annual incidences of major crop pests (including insects, diseases, rodents and weeds)
has increased to about 417 million hectare times in 2003 and 421 million hectare times in 2004.
Among the most destructive and seriously occurring were migratory locusts (Locust migratoria) in
the beach deserts along the coastlines of Chinese Bei and Yellow seas, wheat stripe rust (Puccinia
striiformis) in northwestern China, rice stem borers (Chilo suppressalis and Scripophaga incertulas)
in the paddy fields of the Yangtze and Huai river valleys.
Regional actions were coordinated by the National Agro-technical Extension and Service
Center (NATESC) of the MOA for the control of migratory pests: locusts, pawn moth, rice brown
hopper, rice leaf roller, and regionally epidemical diseases: wheat stripe rust, rice blast and rice
sheath blight. Annual control of major crop pests reached 434.7 million hectare times in 2003 and
465.7 million hectare times in 2004. National IPM programmes coordinated by NATESC have
supported the implementation of key IPM technology in major crops and major pests. In the case
of migratory locust management, biological and ecological control measures such as the use of
microorganisms and the reclamation of locust habitats were extensively promoted in recent years.
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