Rep o rt of th e tw en - Rotterdam Convention
Rep o rt of th e tw en - Rotterdam Convention
Rep o rt of th e tw en - Rotterdam Convention
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The Ministry <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries initiated <strong>th</strong>e IPM Programme in 1993<br />
after a National Workshop on “Environm<strong>en</strong>t and IPM”. The overall goal <strong>of</strong> <strong>th</strong>e National IPM<br />
Programme was to promote food security in Cambodia by <strong>en</strong>hancing <strong>th</strong>e sustainability <strong>of</strong> int<strong>en</strong>sified<br />
crop production systems <strong>th</strong>rough <strong>th</strong>e promotion <strong>of</strong> Integrated Pest and Crop Managem<strong>en</strong>t skills at<br />
farm level. The National IPM Programme was structured under <strong>th</strong>e Ministry <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Forestry<br />
and Fisheries and <strong>th</strong>e Depa<strong>rt</strong>m<strong>en</strong>t <strong>of</strong> Agronomy and Agricultural Land Improvem<strong>en</strong>t was responsible<br />
for <strong>th</strong>e implem<strong>en</strong>tation. The programme is now working in 14 major agricultural production provinces.<br />
In 2003 <strong>th</strong>ere were new subdecrees on phytosanitary inspection (No. 15 dated 13 March<br />
2003) which were being re-<strong>en</strong>forced and re-implem<strong>en</strong>ted. Eighte<strong>en</strong> check points were designated<br />
at <strong>th</strong>e seapo<strong>rt</strong>, airpo<strong>rt</strong> and <strong>en</strong>try points located along <strong>th</strong>e land border wi<strong>th</strong> Thailand and Viet Nam.<br />
Nowadays, in Cambodia, no pesticides are produced. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>th</strong>e pesticides (almost 98 perc<strong>en</strong>t)<br />
available in local markets and used by farmers were extremely hazardous or very hazardous (class<br />
Ia and Ib, based on WHO classification).<br />
The plant protection <strong>of</strong>fice was suppo<strong>rt</strong>ed by Agricultural Productivity Improvem<strong>en</strong>t Project<br />
(APIP), NZAID, AusAid and FAO.<br />
3.4 China<br />
Plant protection plays key roles in sustaining agricultural production, <strong>en</strong>suring food security,<br />
improving farmers’ income and heal<strong>th</strong>, and protecting <strong>th</strong>e <strong>en</strong>vironm<strong>en</strong>t. The Ministry <strong>of</strong> Agriculture<br />
(MOA) takes great effo<strong>rt</strong> in reinforcing <strong>th</strong>e infrastructures <strong>of</strong> <strong>th</strong>e plant protection ext<strong>en</strong>sion ne<strong>tw</strong>orks.<br />
Over <strong>th</strong>e period 2003-2004, 103 new regional crop pest monitoring and control stations, 157 emerg<strong>en</strong>t<br />
control stations for migratory locust and wheat stripe rust, and <strong>th</strong>ree agro-airpo<strong>rt</strong>s have be<strong>en</strong> constructed<br />
wi<strong>th</strong> a total investm<strong>en</strong>t <strong>of</strong> US$ 89.47 million. The subsidy <strong>of</strong> <strong>th</strong>e control <strong>of</strong> migratory locusts and<br />
pawn mo<strong>th</strong> by <strong>th</strong>e C<strong>en</strong>tral Governm<strong>en</strong>t has be<strong>en</strong> implem<strong>en</strong>ted for a long time, wi<strong>th</strong> an annual allocation<br />
<strong>of</strong> about US$ 5 million. A rec<strong>en</strong>t developm<strong>en</strong>t is <strong>th</strong>e establishm<strong>en</strong>t <strong>of</strong> financial suppo<strong>rt</strong>s from <strong>th</strong>e<br />
C<strong>en</strong>tral Governm<strong>en</strong>t for <strong>th</strong>e control <strong>of</strong> major pests in grain crops. The C<strong>en</strong>tral Governm<strong>en</strong>t allocated<br />
US$ 1.2 million for <strong>th</strong>e control <strong>of</strong> wheat stripe rust in 2002, US$ 6.1 million for rice borers and<br />
US$ 1.2 million for rod<strong>en</strong>t control in 2003. The total financial suppo<strong>rt</strong> for controlling wheat stripe<br />
rust, rice borers and rod<strong>en</strong>ts from <strong>th</strong>e C<strong>en</strong>tral Governm<strong>en</strong>t has be<strong>en</strong> increased to US$ 9.5 million in<br />
2003 and US$ 16.2 million in 2004.<br />
Outbreaks <strong>of</strong> some major crop pests as a result <strong>of</strong> changes in cropping systems, global climate<br />
and crop varieties in <strong>th</strong>e past <strong>tw</strong>o years has posed a great chall<strong>en</strong>ge to Chinese plant protection<br />
workers. The annual incid<strong>en</strong>ces <strong>of</strong> major crop pests (including insects, diseases, rod<strong>en</strong>ts and weeds)<br />
has increased to about 417 million hectare times in 2003 and 421 million hectare times in 2004.<br />
Among <strong>th</strong>e most destructive and seriously occurring were migratory locusts (Locust migratoria) in<br />
<strong>th</strong>e beach dese<strong>rt</strong>s along <strong>th</strong>e coastlines <strong>of</strong> Chinese Bei and Yellow seas, wheat stripe rust (Puccinia<br />
striiformis) in no<strong>rt</strong>hwestern China, rice stem borers (Chilo suppressalis and Scripophaga ince<strong>rt</strong>ulas)<br />
in <strong>th</strong>e paddy fields <strong>of</strong> <strong>th</strong>e Yangtze and Huai river valleys.<br />
Regional actions were coordinated by <strong>th</strong>e National Agro-technical Ext<strong>en</strong>sion and Service<br />
C<strong>en</strong>ter (NATESC) <strong>of</strong> <strong>th</strong>e MOA for <strong>th</strong>e control <strong>of</strong> migratory pests: locusts, pawn mo<strong>th</strong>, rice brown<br />
hopper, rice leaf roller, and regionally epidemical diseases: wheat stripe rust, rice blast and rice<br />
shea<strong>th</strong> blight. Annual control <strong>of</strong> major crop pests reached 434.7 million hectare times in 2003 and<br />
465.7 million hectare times in 2004. National IPM programmes coordinated by NATESC have<br />
suppo<strong>rt</strong>ed <strong>th</strong>e implem<strong>en</strong>tation <strong>of</strong> key IPM technology in major crops and major pests. In <strong>th</strong>e case<br />
<strong>of</strong> migratory locust managem<strong>en</strong>t, biological and ecological control measures such as <strong>th</strong>e use <strong>of</strong><br />
microorganisms and <strong>th</strong>e reclamation <strong>of</strong> locust habitats were ext<strong>en</strong>sively promoted in rec<strong>en</strong>t years.<br />
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