Marcus Aurelius Antoninus to Himself - College of Stoic Philosophers

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Ixxviii INTRODUCTION SECT. and so forth. They are not indeed consciously realised from the moment of birth, but are nevertheless implicit in thought, and as the seminal reason gradually matures, they become an integral part of the reasoning conscious- ness. Neither again are they perfect or infallible in exercise, any more than the perceptions of sense ; rather they are general and indeterminate ideas, which need careful comparison and adjustment and development under the guiding disciplines of reason. But in right surroundings, and under just and watchful disciplines, they gradually become clarified and perfected, and lead on to invincible convictions, which in the moral sphere carry as clear and compelling a certitude as the attesta- tions derived from sense. Knowledge then is grounded on perceptions or impressions of outward existences, conveyed to the mind by the appropriate organs of sense or (in the case of certain abstract ideas and super-sensuous existences) of intellectual apprehension. But the perceptions are by no means equally valid ; and as soon as the perception has made itself felt and become a content of conscious- ness, it is for reason or understanding to test it, to pass judgment, and to accord approval or rejection. 1 The approving verdict, which affirms that the perception is a real representation corresponding to an actual object, is technically known as ' assent ' and this ; ' assent,' which, physically viewed, rests on right tension in the mental energy, may be strong or weak, mistaken or sound, true or false j its action depends partly on the subjective condition of the perceiving and ratifying mind, 1 vi. 52 ; vii. 16, 68 ; viii. 28, 47 ; xi. 16, 18 (7).
in 4 STOIC DOGMA Ixxix partly on the objective character of the representation itself. It may yield a convinced assurance corresponding to a true and actual representation; or again a convinced assurance which, however positive and dogmatic, is founded on a misleading or imperfect representation, and is consequently false or faulty in its assumptions ; or, finally, a weaker sense of assurance passing through various grades of faltering conviction, until it ceases to deserve even the name of ' opinion ' (Sofa) at all. The executive criteria then of knowledge, wjiich must be applied to outer existences to test and measure their reality, are twofold sense and innate ideas. Reason directs their application, and in certain cases there ensues (according to Stoic belief) a specific and incontrovertible sense of ' assent/ an answering affection and compulsion of the soul, that carries its own warrant of reality, and assures to the Wise Man infallible apprehension of very truth. Perception and sensation then consist of impressions upon the soul-organ, set in motion by objects of sense. But those impressions the dogma is essential, and the one guarantee of man's moral independence are sub- ject to the sovereignty of Reason. They play upon the organs of sense as strings upon the marionette 1 but ; their power and their authority stop there.2 They try incessantly to force an entrance to the inner citadel, to confound reason and take it by storm, to anticipate or sway its verdicts 3 but it is ; the office of reason to keep 1 ii. 2 ; iii. 16 ; vi. 16, 28 ; vii. 3, 29 ; xii. 19. 2 vii. 1 6 ; viii. 41, etc. 3 For these various figures, iii. 6; v. 36 ; vi. 52; vii. 16; viii. 36, 48.
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TA EIC EAYTON MARCUS AURELIUS ANTON
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MARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS TO HIMSEL
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PREFACE ENGLISH translations of Mar
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PREFACE v may be, the manner, tone,
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may gain PREFACE vii as much or mor
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PREFACE ix In choice of readings I
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INTRODUCTORY ESSAY ON STOICISM AND
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i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xv have been
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i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xvii tried in
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i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xix ' 1 air f
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i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xxi moralised
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i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xxiii phenome
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i ORIGINS OF STOICISM xxv are resol
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Page 41 and 42: SECT, ii i BIRTH OF STOICISM xxxi k
Page 43 and 44: ii i BIRTH OF STOICISM xxxiii order
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Page 95 and 96: IV. STOICISM IN HISTORY HISTORICALL
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Page 114 and 115: civ INTRODUCTION SECT. stand, to di
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Page 118 and 119: cviii INTRODUCTION SECT. transitory
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Page 126 and 127: cxvi INTRODUCTION SECT. mere record
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Page 132 and 133: cxxii INTRODUCTION SECT. taking cou
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cxxviii INTRODUCTION SECT. /^intima
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cxxx INTRODUCTION SECT. in convicti
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\ cxxxii INTRODUCTION SECT. and eve
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cxxxiv INTRODUCTION SECT. The indiv
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cxxxvi INTRODUCTION SECT. vistas of
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cxxxviii INTRODUCTION SECT. ' world
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cxl INTRODUCTION SECT. individualis
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cxlii INTRODUCTION SECT. steeped in
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cxliv INTRODUCTION SECT. /The funer
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cxlvi INTRODUCTION SECT, v barbaria
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BOOK I MeMNHCO TCON FROM my grandfa
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i TO HIMSELF 3 not to give hasty as
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i TO HIMSELF 5 From my brother Veru
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i TO HIMSELF 7 of any kind he kept
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i TO HIMSELF 9 There was no pervers
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i TO HIMSELF n my own fault, and co
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BOOK ii MARCUS ANTONINUS 13 one for
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ii TO HIMSELF 15 Is violence done y
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ii TO HIMSELF 17 vided, putting wit
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ii TO HIMSELF 19 life than that whi
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ii TO HIMSELF 21 lacking for naught
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BOOK in MARCUS ANTONINUS 23 Watch w
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in TO HIMSELF 25 planning, or anyth
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in TO HIMSELF 27 Does man's life of
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in TO HIMSELF 29 still incomplete,
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in TO HIMSELF 31 ously, and conside
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BOOK IV CK coy r^P T^NOC ecMGN. CLE
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iv TO HIMSELF 35 when the understan
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iv TO HIMSELF 37 result is inevitab
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iv TO HIMSELF 39 not looking at wha
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iv TO HIMSELF 41 Do not be dazed by
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iv TO HIMSELF 43 munity of reason ;
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iv TO HIMSELF 45 fame ? Just emptin
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iv TO HIMSELF 47 All that befalls i
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iv TO HIMSELF 49 falls when it is r
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BOOK V IN the morning, when you fee
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v TO HIMSELF 53 I walk the ways of
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v TO HIMSELF 55 ing, it will make y
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v TO HIMSELF 57 ing the perfection
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v TO HIMSELF 59 have I now ? the ch
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v TO HIMSELF 61 man's true end lie
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TO HIMSELF 63 hindrance to action i
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v TO HIMSELF 65 to every man for hi
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v TO HIMSELF 67 what is a name but
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BOOK VI NOYC AieKo'cMHce TT&NT&. AN
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vi TO HIMSELF 71 not break tune or
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vi TO HIMSELF 73 current of time pe
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vi TO HIMSELF 75 yet themselves set
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vi TO HIMSELF 77 steadily to these,
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vi TO HIMSELF 79 I am of body and s
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vi TO HIMSELF 81 with it ; though t
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vi TO HIMSELF 83 they did, and the
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vi TO HIMSELF 85 characters of thos
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BOOK VII AC\(MCON. HERACLITUS HGoc
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vii TO HIMSELF 89 what is opportune
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vii TO HIMSELF 91 is to be good ; j
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vii TO HIMSELF 93 you ; your was be
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vii TO HIMSELF 95 Gods or atoms, it
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vii TO HIMSELF 97 himself or assign
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vii TO HIMSELF 99 disciplined to ci
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vii TO HIMSELF 101 that on which ac
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viz TO HIMSELF 103 one may have one
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vii TO HIMSELF 105 devoid of mind o
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BOOK vin MARCUS ANTONINUS 107 indul
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viii TO HIMSELF 109 their participa
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vin TO HIMSELF in accept Remember t
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vin TO HIMSELF 113 Secunda ; first
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vni TO HIMSELF 115 satisfied ; and
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vni TO HIMSELF 117 would the dead b
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vin TO HIMSELF 119 its own constitu
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vni TO HIMSELF 121 philosopher will
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vin TO HIMSELF 123 To my moral will
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BOOK IX DUCUNT VOLENTEM FATA, NOLEN
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ix TO HIMSELF 127 momentum to the c
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ix TO HIMSELF 129 overtakes you fro
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ix TO HIMSELF 131 Convert men, if y
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ix TO HIMSELF 133 stand whether it
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ix TO HIMSELF 135 politics, these s
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ix TO HIMSELF 137 fancy their censu
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ix TO HIMSELF 139 on what is not in
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ix TO HIMSELF 141 clown acting the
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BOOK x MARCUS ANTONINUS 143 their b
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x TO HIMSELF 145 do nothing for sel
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x TO HIMSELF 147 the physical curre
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x TO HIMSELF 149 men, commits himse
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x TO HIMSELF 151 change, and in dec
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x TO HIMSELF 153 The man drops seed
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x TO HIMSELF 155 then ? Why not be
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x TO HIMSELF 157 misadventures so-c
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x TO HIMSELF 159 in freedom thereby
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BOOK xi MARCUS ANTONINUS 161 our fa
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xi TO HIMSELF 163 Or Lives are reap
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xi TO HIMSELF 165 of true artist wo
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xi TO HIMSELF 167 Goodness, simplic
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xi TO HIMSELF 169 popularity, or so
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xi TO HIMSELF 171 measure of its po
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xi TO HIMSELF 173 aim must be socia
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xi TO HIMSELF 175 of assent ; and i
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BOOK xii MARCUS ANTONINUS 177 the p
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xii TO HIMSELF 179 or mind, he coul
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xii TO HIMSELF 181 fault with gods
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xii TO HIMSELF 183 The view taken i
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xii TO HIMSELF 185 every case so ha
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xii TO HIMSELF 187 combines with it
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APPENDIX SELECTED emendations of th
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APPENDIX 191 24, /. 2 After dueiNON
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APPENDIX 193 12, /. 8 Read H re an6
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MACMILLAN AND CO.'S PUBLICATIONS. T
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Marcus Aurelius Antoninus to Himself - College of Stoic Philosophers

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