IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

3.6 IIOTPE6J1EHVIE AJIKO1-011A 14 HErATV1BHbIE
cD13114ECKVIE I1OCf1E,gCTBN1A
3noynoTpe6neHHe anxoroneM noBbllnaeT pHCK 3a6oneBaeMocTH
H CMepTHOCTH, H CTeneHb pHCKa B03paCTaeT C nOBbIIIIeHHeM ypOBHSI
noTpe6neHHx. Haine noxHMaHHe TOrO, LiTO KpOeTCSI 3a 3THM
yTBepxcAexxeM, o6oraukeno pa6oTaMH, npose,rkexxblMH 3a nocneAHHe
20 neT. C O,gHOii CTOpOHbI, HMeHHO B 3TOT nepxoA HaKOIIHnHCb
MHOrHe H3 TOnbKO LITO paCCMOTpeHHbIX ,Ij0Ka3aTenbCTB, KOTOpble
II0Ka3bIBaiOT, LITO nOTpe6neHHe B He601IbLIIHX ,Iko3aX MO)KeT CHH3HTb
pHCK BO3HHKHOBeHH51 KbC. C jjpyrOii CTOpOHbI, 3a 3TH jjeCSlTHneTHSI
6bin npoAneH nepeLiexb npo6neM 3.ijOpOBb5I, B BO3HHKHOBeHHH
KOTOpbIX noTpe6neHHe anKOronSI HrpaeT OnpeAeneHHyIO ponb, a CHna
,IftOKâ3aTeJIbCTB npHLIHHHOrO BnHSIHHSI anKOrOnSI B03pOCna. O606LuaSI
3TH AOKa3aTenbCTBa, MbI OnHpaeMCSI 3AeCb B OCHOBHOM Ha nOCJIe,ijHHe
o63opbl coorseTCTByiouceH nHTepaTyp6l (Anderson et al. 1993;
Anderson 1994; Duffy 1992).
BepxblM oCTaeTCSI TO, LITO B HaLLIeM pacnopxxceHHH 6onbLLle
3nxAeMHOnorHLiecKHx AaHHbix o cMepTHocTH, geM o 3a6oneBaeMocTH.
r10 3TOi-i npHIIHHe OCHOBHOe BHHMaHHe 3ACCb 6OnblIIei%[ LIaCTbIO
CKOHLjeHTpHpoBaHO Ha CB5I3aHHOii C nOTpe6neHHeM aJIKOTOnSi
CMepTHOCTH. TeM He McHee, Hy)KHO npH3HaTb, LiTO nOTpe6neHHe
anKOTOnSI CB5I3aHO TaK)Ke C 6OnbIIIHM KOnHLIeCTBOM 3a60neBaHHIi,
KOTOpble He npHBOASiT K CMepTH.
3.6.1 3noKayecrseHHbie onyxonN
B o63ope AanxbIx Me)KAyxapoAHoro areHTCTSa Hccne,IjosaHHi%I
paxa (1988) cAenaxo 3aKJIIOLIeHHe, LITo anxoronb HMeeT npHLIHHHyio
CBSI3b C BO3HHKHOBeHHeM paKa pOTOBOil nOJIOCTH, rnOTKH, ropTaHH,
IIHII(eBOAa H neLIeHH. B 60nbiIIHHCTBe HCCneAOBaHHM rOBOpHTC51 O
cylljeCTBOSaHHH B3aHMOCB5I3H "Ao3a - OTBeTHaS1 peaKL;HSI" nocne
yLIeTa nOTeHuHânbHblX COCTâBnSIK)LuHX, TaKHX KaK KypeHHe; H 3Ta
B3aHMOCB5I3b, no-BHAHMOMy, AeliCTBHTenbHa KaK AnSI My)KLiHH, TaK H
AnSI )KeHIuHH. ,E(aHHaSI B3aHMOCB5I3b He 51BnS1eTCSI npSIMOnHHeiiHOi%I, a
nOKâ3bIBaeT nOA-heM KpHBOH npH BbICOKHX ypOBHSIX noTpe6neHHSI
(Duffy and Sharples 1992). no ouexxe Rothman (1980) H3-3a
npHLIHHHOrO yLIaCTHSi B BO3HHKHOBeHHH 3THX THIIOB paKa ânKOronb
OTBeTCTBeHeH npH6nH3HTenbH0 3a 3% BCeX CnyLlaes paKa B CHIA. B
ApyrHx cTpaxax, C ApyrOH cXeMOii paCnpOCTpaHeHHOCTH pa3nHLIHbIX
THnOB palm, BenHLixxa, BepoSITHO, 6y,tkeT ApyroH.
75