IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

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COKpaIl[eHiiA nOTpe6neHHA aJIKOrOnA B CneACTBHH )Ken4eKaMeHHOIi
AHcnencHH. (Thijs et al. 1991).
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)K13H11 N ApyrNM CpaKTOpaMIA
B 60nb1iIHHCTBe COBpeMeHHbIX HCCne,IjOBaHHii BnHAHHA
nOTpe6neHHA aJIKOrOnA Ha (1)H3ii4eCKOe 3AOpOBbe AenaeTCA IIOIIbITKa
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ynOTpe6neHHeM aJiKOCOJIA H KypeHlieM 3aTpyAHAeT 3TO. AJIKOrOni3KIi,
KOTOpble HNKOrAa He KypFInH, BCTpe4aIOTCA pe,IjKO, TaK )Ke KaK H
CiinbHO KypALLliie Tpe3BeHHHKH.
gHeTa ABJIAeTCA Ba)KHbIM CkaKTOpOM p,.flA MHOrHX 3a60neBaHHii.
OHa MO)KeT 6bITb CBA3aHa C OAHON TpeTbiO BceX cny4aeB KOpOHapHOIi
60ne3HH CepAL[a H paKa B CTpaHaX 3anaAa (ÜSDHHS 1988) H 6bITb
np114aCTHOii K BO3HiiKHOBeHHIO rNnepTOHHH, HHCynbTa, .I.ZHa6era H
O)KNpeHHA. B 601IbnIHHCTBe itccneAOBaHHIi ,IiHeTa He KOHTpOJIHpyeTCA,
XOTA AaHHble CO6}ipaiOTCA 4acTo, 6o1iee TOFO, He3Ha4HTenbHble
KOne6aHliA npliBbl4eK B nHTaHHti y 60nbIIiFiHCTBa Ii3y4aeMOrO
HaceneHHA MO)KeT CAenaTb TâKOIi KOHTpOnb He344eKTI-iBHbIM.
O6o61uaA, MO)KHO CKa3aTb, 4TO pa3nH4Hb1e THnbI noTpe6neHHA
MOryT 6bITb CBA3aHbI C pa3H006pa3HbIMH CflaKTOpaMH o6pa3a )KH3HH H
BHAaMH nOBeAeHHA, KOTOpb1e MOryT BnFiATb Ha B3aHMOCBA3b Me)KAy
IIOTpe6neHi3eM aJIKOCOnA H BO3MO)KHbIMLi nOCneACTBHAMH.
HanpHMep, 6bIJI0 BbIABneHO, 4TO Tpe3BOCTb B Te4eHi3e BCeü )KH3HH B
CeBepxoii AMepHKe HMeeT MHO)KecTBO corlyTCTBytoLuHX noKa3aTeneli.
OTMe4eH0, 4TO Tpe3BCHHHKIi B Te4eHHe Bceli )KiHHH - cTapwe, HIiNCe
n0 COL[HO3KOHOMH4eCKOMy cTaTyCy, )KHByT B npOMbllnneHHbIX 30HaX,
penHrH03HbI, HMetOT pOACTBeHHHKOB C npo6neMaMH, CBA3aHHbIMH C
anxoroneM (Hughes et al 1985; Wannamethee and Shaper 1988),
HMetOT nOBbILneHHbIIi ypOBeHb AenpeccHN H HCnbITbIBaIOT 60nb111e
AenpeCCHBHbIX CHMnTOMOB nocne OnpeAeneHHbiX CO6bITHii B )KH3HI4,
4eM HeMHOro H yMepeHHO nbtonlHe (Bell et al 1977; Neff and Husaini
1982). Y4eT pa3H006pa3HbIX BapxauHli Tpe3BOCTH He 06313aTenbH0
BnHAeT Ha p1iCK CMepTHOCTH (Camacho et al 1987).
TeM He McHee, He06X0AHM0 paCCMOTpeTb BO3M0)KHOCTb TOro,
4TO TaKOe Bâ)KHOe cKOnneHHe pa3nH4HN MO)KeT He nOJIHOCTbiO
nOAAaBaTbCA CTaTHCTH4eCKOMy y4eTy (Kozlowski and Ferrence
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