IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

2.4 POT. b BKJ1A,gA PA3J1144HbIX CJIOEB HACEJIEHVISI B
V13MEHEHVIE OSLuEfO IIOTPE5J1EHVIA
14MeeTC5I nHIIIb He6onblIIoe KOnIiLIeCTBO RaxxbIx, n03BOnASOLLjHX
CpaBHHTb H3MeHCHHA noTpe6neHHA pa3nH11HbIX nOArpynn HaCeneHHSI.
gaHHble 110 TeHAeHLjHAM, B OCHOBHOM, HMeK)TCSI TOnbKO no
noTpe6neHHIO anKOronH pa3nHLIHbIMH nonaMH. B 1980-x ronax
)KeHCKBA AOnA B 06IIjeM noTpe6neHHH anKOronSl B HHAyCTpHanbHblX
CTpaHaX 6bina CTa6HnbH0171, npH6nH3HTenbH0 25-30%. Pa,i[HKanbHble
H3MeHeHH31 jjOnH nOTpe6neHHA My)ICLIHH H)KeHII[HH 6bInH OTMeLIeHbI
TOnbKO B CBSI3H C 6011bIIIHMH pe(tiOpMaMH B nOnHTHKe KOHTpOnA H
npOAaxCH anKOTOnM, KOTOpble npOH30LnnH BOHHnMHnHH B 1968 roily
(Simpura 1987). Tax KaK HaLIHHaIOT nOSIBnSITbCSI CpaBHHTenbHble
j[aHHble 3a AJIHTenbHblli nepHOA no THnaM noTpe6neHHA anKoronSl
(Fillmore et al. 1991), 60nee AeTanbHbll%I aHanH3 BKna,zia pa3nwIHbIx
noArpynn HacenexHA B H3MexeHH51 o6ü.tero nOTpe6neHHA anKOronSi,
AOn)ICHO 6bITb, 6yAeT Bo3M0MCeH B 6n14)Kai%IIIIeM 6ynyLueM. B 06LueM,
CerOnHALLIHHii OnbIT nOKa3bIBaeT, tITO OTHOCHTenbHOe nOTpe6neHHe
pâ3nHLIHbIX CJIOeB, BepOATHO, AOCTaTOLIH0 CTa614JIbH0 Ha npOTA)ICeHHH
OTHOCHTenbH0 KOpOTKOrO nepHOna BpeMeHH, XOTA B TeLIeHHe 60nee
AnHTenbHOrO nepHona MO)KeT npOH30IiTH 6onee paAHKanbHOe H
pa3H006pa3HOe nBH)ICeHHe.
2.5 MHO)KECTBO TEH,gEHL.1140
MexcnyxaponHaA KapTHHa TeH,IZneHLjHI%I COBOKynxorO
noTpe6nexHA anxoronA yxa3blBaeT Ha pa3HOO6pa3He Bcex THnoB
H3MeHeHHii. Ha naHHbIFi MOMeHT MHp He nBHraeTCA TOnbKO B KaKOMnH60
OAHOM HanpaBneHHH B nnaHe noTpe6neHHA anKOrOnA. B
CTpaHaX, Tne TpanHLtHOHHO nbiOT BHHO, nOTpe6neHHe yMeHbLIIaeTCA,
H 3Ta TeHneHLjHM CHH)KeHHM Ha6nK)naeTCA B HeKOTOpbIX ApyrHx
HH,IjyCTpHânbHblx CTpaHaX 3ananHOFi EBponbl. B TO )Ke spew' B HHbIX
HHAyCTpNanbHblX cTpaHaX nOTpe6neHHe anKOronA npOAOn)ICaeT
yBenHLIHBaTbCA. B iiaCTHOCTH, MHOrHe CTpaHbI ueHTpanbHOI%I H
BOCTOLIHON EBpOnbI CTanKHBaIOTCA cel3mac C TpeBO)KHbIM pOCTOM
noTpe6neHHM anKOronM H anKOTOnbHbIX npo6neM. B HCKOTOpbIX
perHOHaX pa3BHBalOIgHXCSI cTpaH noTpe6neHHe HanHTKOB
KOMMep9eCKOTO npOH3BOACTBa 3Ha'-IHTenbHO pacTeT, HO, XOTA
KOHTp0Jlb nOTpe6neHHA 6bin 6bI OtIeHb none3eH AnB HaLLHOHanbHOTO
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