IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

COBeTCxxX pecrry6nHKax 3aperxcrpllposaxxoe noTpe6nelHle pe3KO
ynano BCneACTBHe aHTHanxoronbxoi%I KaMnaxHH 1985 rojja. HecMoTpSi
Ha pacnpocTpaxeHHe He3axoxxorO npoH3BOjjcTBa aJIKOrOnSi, o6LuHI
cnaA TOprOBnH ânKOTOnbHbIMH HanHTKâMH He 6bin KOMneHCHpOBaH
nOBbILIIeHHeM AOMaHIHerO npOH3BO,IjcTBa. Hocne 1987 ro,tta H
npeKpalueHHSI aHTHanKOTOnbHOïi nOnHTHKH, nOTpe6neHHe ânKOTOnSI
Haiian0 B03paCTaTb. HeMHorO nO3xce COuHaJIbHble H 3KOHOMHLleCKHe
H3MeHeHHSI pe3K0 nOBbICHnH JjOCTynHOCTb asticotons' B 60nbIIiHHCTBe
6bIBU1Hx CoBeTCKHx pecny6nxK (Lehto and Moskalewicz 1994), Ho
6naro,3apSI pocTy LiacTHoro npejjnpHHHMaTenbcTBa, AOnSi o6luero
nOTpe6neHHSI, dHKCHpyeMâSI OcHuHânbHbIMH HCTOLIHHKâMH, MO)KeT
6bITb Aaxce HH)iCe, LIeM B 1987 rOAy. YpOBHH pa3nHiIHbIX nOKa3aTenell
aJIKOTOnbHbIX npo6neM, TeM He Mexee, HOBbIHIaIOTCSI B POCCHH,
YKpaHHe H 3CTOHHH.
C 1990 rua nOnbCKaSI anKOTOnbHaSl CTaTHCTHKa AaeT AaHHble
TOnbKO no OTeiieCTBeHHbIM HanHTKaM, B TO BpeMSI KaK HMnOpTHbie
HanHTKH OCTaIOTCSi HeyiiTeHHbIMH. gaHHble o63op0B no anKOTOnIO
noKa3bIBaK7r 50% nOBbIIIIeHHe noTpe6neHHSI anKOrOJISi MexcJry 1989 H
1992 rOAOM. 3-Ta oueHKa nOJITBepxcjiaeTCSI cooTBeTCTBy10nlHM
noBbIIIIeHHeM KOnHileCTBa rocnHTanH3auHN C anxoronbxbIMH nCHXO-
3aMH. B L1esICKOii pecny6nHKe, CnosaKHH H 1ionrapHH noTpe6neHHe
aJlKoronx TaiOKe noablLUaeTCSI (Lehto and Moskalewicz 1994).
2.2.3 Pa3BHBatou{Hecsi crpaHbi
BOJIbIIIHHCTBO pa3BHBa10HiHxCSI cTpaH nepexcHBa10T CTOJIb
3HaiIHTenbHble HyxcAbI, LITO c6op perynxpxoi-1 CTaTHCTHKH Ansl HHX
TpyAeH HnH HeB03M0xceH. HaAexcHble ABHHble no nOTpe6neHHIO
anxoron3l peuxo HMeIOTCSI B HanHiIHH. B AoxnaAe Walsh H Grant
(1985) HeT AâHHbIX n0 HenpOMblLnneHHOMy H3rOTOBneHHIO,
asticotons', neranbHOMy HnH HeneranbHOMy, HO aBTOpbI 3aKn10ilaiOT,
LiTO "npOH3BOACTBO H nOTpe6neHHe nHBa, BHHa H KpenKHX CnHpTHbIX
HanHTKOB nOBbIIIIaeTCSI cIaKTHileCKH BO BCeX perHOHaX MHpa" 3a
HCKJIiO9eHHCM CTpaH, rue pacnpOCTpaHeHO BHHOnHTHe: 1:13paHuHH,
1'1TanHH, IIopTyranxH H HeKOTOpbIX CeBepo-acIpHKaxeKHX
rOCyAapCTB. CyLueCTByiOT TaKxCe Aâ.HHbie, nOKa3bIBa10HjHe, LITO
noTpe6neHHe nHBa 3aMCTHO nOBbICHJIOCb C 1960 no 1980 roA BO
MHOrHX CTpaHaX IleHTpanbHOli H FOxcHOrl AMepHKH, Acl)pHKH H
A3HH. COOTBeTCTByIOIueii HHCpOpMauHH no BHHy H KpenKHM
CnHpTHbIM HanHTKaM HeT (Kotteinen 1988; Maula et al. 1990).
51