IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

cpenHero ypoBHA (cM. Ta6nH1ry 1.2). CAenaxxaA B naxxoM
HCCnenOBâHHH OueHKa 4aCTOTbI B03HHKHOBeHHA anKOI'OnbHbIX
npO6neM B Te4eHHe BCe1%I )KH3HH npeAcTasnSIeT OCO6bIFi HHTepeC,
pa3pymaA npencTasneHHe, 4TO BO3HHKHOBeHHe KpynHblX nH4HbIX
anKOrOnbHbIX np06neM - peAKHti1 cny4ali. gOnoJIHHTenbHble AaHHble
aHanH3a HauHOHanbHOrO onpoca CHIA no 3,gpaBOOXpaHeHHK) 1988 r.
(B.F. Grant et al. 1992), xorna 6bino onpomeHo 6onbmoe KOnH4eCTBO
HaceneHNA no BOnpOCaM HanH4HSI y HIiX "anKOCOnbHOr%I
3aBHCHMOCTH" H "3noyn0Tpe6neHH51 anKOroneM", HCIIOnb3yA
KpHTepHH DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association 1987),
nOKa3anH, 4To arm BO3HHKmHX B Te4eHHe OAHOro rona npo6neM
3aBHCHMOCTH H 3noynOTpe6neHHA, B351T61X BMecTe, cOOTHOmeHHe
My)K4HHbIbKeHII[HHbI COCTaBJIAeT 3 K 1 (13,4% K 4,4%). He Mexee
HHTepeCHOM 6b1na BbIABneHHaA BO3paCTHâA rpanaL(HA: HanpHMep,
pacnpOCTpaHeHHOCTb npo6neM OAHOro rOAa 6bina ,qnA My)K4HH
Bo3pacTa 18-29 neT - 23,5%; Bo3pacTa 30-44 neT - 14,3%; Bo3pacTa
45-64 neT - 7,2%; Bo3pacTa 65 H Bblme - 2,8%. BbIBOjj, 4TO ypOBeHb
pacnpocTpaHexxoCTH noA06HbIX npo6neM nagaeT C Bo3paCToM,
no,lIaep)KaH B mHpoxoFi Macce aMepHxaxcxoN nHTepaTypbl no
onpocaM (Cahalan et al. 1969; Cahalan and Room 1974; Clark and
Hilton 1991).
06paLLlaACb OT aMepHKaHCKOI'O OnbITa K OnbITy pâ3BHBaIOII(HXCA
cTpaH, MO)KHO CKa3aTb, 4TO npOBeAeHHblli B KoJlyM6HH
HaL[HOHanbHbIN AOMamHHN onpoc, rne AnA OnpeneneHHA HanH4H2
npo6neM HCIIOnb30BânHCb aHKeTbI CAGE, co06LIlaeT o no4TH 20%
HanH4HH ânKOrOJIH3Ma CpeAH My)ICCKON 4aCTH peCHOHAeHTOB H O 4%
pacnpocTpaxeHHH nono6Hblx npo6neM cpeAH xceHLgHH (Rodriguez et
al. 1992).
HeKoTopble ;taHHble HeaaBHero onpoca B H0BO1i 3e1IaHAHH
npnEeAexbl B Ta6nHue 1.4, rAe BOCnpoH3BeJ'lexbl pe3ynbTaTbl H3
,goxnaAa Wyllie and Casswell (1989). PacnpocTpaHeHHocTb
anKOrOnbHbIX npo6neM naHa OTAenbHO AnA My)IC4HH H AJIA )KeHLI(HH.
11TO AOnNCHO C4HTaTbC5I "Cepbë3H01%I" npo6neMOI3, 3T0, KOHe4H0,
BonpoC Cy61,eKTHBHbIN, HO 10%-1-i ypOBeHb pacnpocTpaHeHHOCTH
npo6neM cpeAH My)K4HH, KOTOpbIN MbI BHAHM B AOKnaAe, KOHe4HO,
He MO)KeT 6bITb pacL(eHeH KaK He3Ha4HTenbHbli4. KOrna 9% My)K4HH
c006II[aK)T, 4TO nbK)T C ppa, a y 5% My)K4HH TpACnHCb pyKH yTpOM
nocné BbInHBKH, MO)KHO COCTaBHTb npencTasneHHe O BO3MO)KHOi3
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