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IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

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nccneJ[osaTeneii onpejjenHni3 HaniiLlHe B3aHMOCB513H MexcJjy<br />

naJ(eHI3eM ypoBHA 3a6onesaeMocTn, Hppo3oM neHeHli H pocTOM<br />

cnenHanH3HpoBaHHOro ne'teHHA. Mann et al. (1988) o6HappKHnH,<br />

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npoTi3BOanKOrOnbHOro neiieHHA B OHTapHo, KaHaJja npH cpasxeHHH<br />

Jjanxbtx 1975 H 1982 roJjoB. Romelsjo (1987) npeJjnonoxcHn, LiTO B<br />

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HaceneHi3A, Ha c'-IeT aM6ynaTopHoro ne4eHI3A MO)KHO OTHCCTH<br />

cHiniCeHHe ypoBHA 3a6onesaeMocTH LjHppo3oM ne'ieHH B CTOKrOnbMe,<br />

II.IBeLjHA. CBHJjeTenbCTBa 3THX HCCneJjosaTeneli ABnAIOTCA<br />

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3(14eKTOB. TeM He McHee, B 6onee HeJjaBHeM HCCneJjOBaHHH Holder H<br />

Parker (1992) HCnOnb30BâJIH aHânH3 MHOI'oBapHaHTHbIX BpeMeHHbIX<br />

cepHil 20-neTHero nepHoJja 1968-1987 rr. B CeBepxoI KaponHHe H<br />

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B p03ynbTaTe LjHppo3a, KOTOpOe MO)KHO OTHCCTH K nOBbILIICHHIO<br />

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cTaLjHOHapHO, TaK H aM6ynaTOpHO). 9TH TpH HCCneJjOBaHHA 143 TpeX<br />

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282

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