IHgIIOJOHIj - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

natmeHTaM nevaTHblx MaTepHanoB no CaMOnoMOUIH (Miller and
Munoz, 1976; Miller and Taylor, 1980; Miller and Hester, 1986).
ECTb TaroKe fOJIO)KHTenbHa5l HH4)opMaLIH5l 06 34)4)eKTHBHOCTH
KpaTKOÎ-i KOHCynbTaLIHH B 6o11bHHHe o6ulero npoclmnsi (Chick et al
1985).
9.2.2 ,40Ka3aT@l1bCTBa NH,4NBN,C7,)/a1lbHOH 11OJlb3bl
Cll@gNaJ1N3NpOBaHH0r0 f1pOCi3@CCNOHaJ7bHOP0 Jl@4EHNSi
aJ1KOrOJ1bHOÎ1 3aBNCNMOCTN
HccneAOBaTenbCKHe BOnpOcbl, KOTOpble CTaBHT AaHHOe
3arnaBHe, MH0rOLIHCneHHbI H pa3H0o6pa3Hbl, H MbI He 6yjjeM 3,1eCb
paccMaTpHBaTb FIX OLIeHb nojjpo6H0. HOcneAHHe 0630pbI
npeAcTaBHnH Miller H Hester (1986), Institute of Medicine (1990), H
Holder H Parker (1992). IIoHHMaHHe Toro, vTO BxOAHT B
CooTBeTCTByIOH.jee ne4eHHe H, cnejiOBaTeJlbxo, Bb16op HCXOAHbIX
Mep, 6yAeT 3aBHCeTb LIaCTHLIHO OT KynbTypbl o6ujecTBa (Babor 1988).
143 3TOrO CJIO>iCHOrO Ha6opa AOKa3aTenbCTB H MOryT 6bITb BbIHeCeHbl
CneAyloülHe 06L1He BbIBOjIbI:
1. Cy6beKTb1, KOTOpble HaLranH npOXOjIHTb 11106o11 Kypc neLIeHHSI,
Llepe3 12 MecSIileB, BepOSITHO, npOAeMOHCTpNpyrOT 3HaLIHTenbHOe
ynyLlllIeHHe no cpaBHeHHiO c AOneLIe6HblM ypOBHeM noTpe6neHH5I
aJIKOrOnSI H CBSI3aHHbIX C 3THM HapyHleHHii, HO C 3HaLIHTenbHO11
BapHaTNBHOCTbIO pe3ynbTaTOB B pa311HLIHbIX rpynnax. Hp5IMO11
npHLiHHHblii 3(I4eKT He 065I3aTenbH0 OTHOCHTCSf Ha CLIeT
Bo3jIeNCTB115I neveHHSI (Orford and Edwards 1977; Miller and
Hester 1986).
2. KOHTpOnbHble OnbITbl /Tatar pa3nH4Hbre pe3ynbTaTbl, HO HeT
noCTOSIHCTBa CBHAeTenbcTB, LITO HHTeHCHBHOe HRH CTaLIHOHapHOe
neLIeHHe npHHOCHT 60nbure 11011b3b1, LIeM McHee HHTCHCHBHOe
aM6ynaTOpxoe neLleHHe (Orford and Edwards 1977; Chick 1988;
Cook 1988 a, b; Howden-Chapman and Huygens 1988;
Postamianos et al 1988; Miller and Hester 1986; Drummond et al
1990).
3. CyLllecTByeT 061uHpHblii Kpyr nHTepaTypbl no OTHOCHTenbHOH
344eKTHBHOCTH OTAenbHblX cnellHanH3HpOBaHHbIX BHAOB
ne9eHH51. He06X0AHMa 0006aSi OCTOpOKCHOCTb B 11I06bIX
yHHBepCanbHblX 3aKnI04eHH5IX, yLIHTbIBaSI pa3HOpOAHOCTb
HaceneHHSI, noABepraloü.lerocSI neLieHHIo, HanHLIHe MHOrHX
McTOAOJIorHLIecKHX npo6neM H BO3MO>KHOCTb TOrO, LITO
279